Glencoe Health, Exams of Nutrition

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Glencoe Health

Lesson 2

Nutrients

BIG IDEA New Vocabulary carbohydrates proteins fiber vitamins Each nutrient in your diet plays a unique and essential role in keeping you healthy. minerals cholesterol osteoporosis

Giving Your Body What It Needs

Nutrients perform specific roles in maintaining your body functions. Getting a proper balance of nutrients during the teen years can improve your health through adulthood.

Giving Your Body What It Needs

Your body uses nutrients in many ways: As an energy source To heal, build, and repair tissue To transport oxygen to cells To regulate body functions To sustain growth

Nutrients That Provide Energy

Each gram of carbohydrate or protein provides four calories Each gram of fat provides nine calories The energy in food comes from three sources: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Carefully choosing nutrients can prevent weight gain.

Main Idea

Nutrients That Provide Energy

Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats provide your body with energy and help maintain your body. The body uses the nutrients to build, repair, and fuel itself.

Types of Carbohydrates

Three types of carbohydrates are found in foods: Simple Complex Fiber

Types of Carbohydrates

Simple carbohydrates are sugars Fructose is found in fruits. Lactose is found in milk.

Types of Carbohydrates

Complex carbohydrates, or starches, are long chains of sugars linked together. Common sources include grains, grain products, such as bread and pasta, beans, and root vegetables such as potatoes.

fiber A tough, complex carbohydrate that the body cannot digest. New Vocabulary

Giving Your Body What It Needs

One carbohydrate, fiber, helps you feel full. It also moves waste through your digestive system.

Types of Carbohydrates

Most carbohydrates are turned into a simple sugar called glucose. It is the main source of fuel for the body. Glucose can be stored in your body’s tissue and used later.

Benefits of Fiber

Although the body cannot digest fiber, it plays an important role in aiding digestion and reducing the risk of disease. Teen girls and boys should aim to eat the following amounts of fiber each day. Teen girls, ages 14 to 18: 26 grams of fiber daily Teen boys, ages 14 to 18: 38 grams of fiber daily

Types of Proteins

Your body uses about 20 amino acids that are found in food. You produce, or synthesize, all but nine of the amino acids.

Types of Proteins

Nine amino acids are called essential amino acids because the body must get them from food. The rest are known as nonessential amino acids.