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“Professor Ron Gibson provides a comprehensive textbook to cover the
basic concept of anisotropy and inhomogeneity of composites as well as
state-of-art issues such as dynamic behavior, fracture and testing. The many
worked-out examples and homework problems are most useful for readers
to understand the basic concepts to be used in practical applications of
composites. Such knowledge is essential for advanced composite materials
to be further applied to lightweight structures successfully.”
Nobuo Takeda, University of Tokyo, Japan
Principles of Composite Material Mechanics, Third Edition presents
a unique blend of classical and contemporary mechanics of composites
technologies. While continuing to cover classical methods, this edition
also includes frequent references to current state-of-the-art composites
technology and research findings.
New to the Third Edition
Many new worked-out example problems, homework problems,
figures, and references
An appendix on matrix concepts and operations
Coverage of particle composites, nanocomposites, nanoenhancement
of conventional fiber composites, and hybrid multiscale composites
Expanded coverage of finite element modeling and test methods
Easily accessible to students, this popular bestseller incorporates the most
worked-out example problems and exercises of any available textbook on
mechanics of composite materials. It offers a rich, comprehensive, and
up-to-date foundation for students to begin their work in composite
materials science and engineering.
PRINCIPLES
OF
COMPOSITE
MATERIAL
MECHANICS
Materials Science/Mechanical Engineering
ISBN: 978-1-4398-5005-3
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PRINCIPLES OF
COMPOSITE
MATERIAL
MECHANICS
Ronald F. GibsonRonald F. Gibson
THIRD EDITION THIRD EDITION
PRINCIPLES
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MATERIAL
MECHANICS
THIRD
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PRINCIPLES OF

COMPOSITE

MATERIAL

MECHANICS

Ronald F. GibsonRonald F. Gibson

THIRD EDITIONTHIRD EDITION

PRINCIPLES OF

COMPOSITE

MATERIAL

MECHANICS

THIRD EDITION

  1. Traction Drives: Selection and Application, Frederick W. Heilich III and Eugene E. Shube
  2. Finite Element Methods: An Introduction, Ronald L. Huston and Chris E. Passerello
  3. Mechanical Fastening of Plastics: An Engineering Handbook, Brayton Lincoln, Kenneth J. Gomes, and James F. Braden
  4. Lubrication in Practice: Second Edition, edited by W. S. Robertson
  5. Principles of Automated Drafting, Daniel L. Ryan
  6. Practical Seal Design, edited by Leonard J. Martini
  7. Engineering Documentation for CAD/CAM Applications, Charles S. Knox
  8. Design Dimensioning with Computer Graphics Applications, Jerome C. Lange
  9. Mechanism Analysis: Simplified Graphical and Analytical Techniques, Lyndon O. Barton
  10. CAD/CAM Systems: Justification, Implementation, Productivity Measurement, Edward J. Preston, George W. Crawford, and Mark E. Coticchia
  11. Steam Plant Calculations Manual, V. Ganapathy
  12. Design Assurance for Engineers and Managers, John A. Burgess
  13. Heat Transfer Fluids and Systems for Process and Energy Applications, Jasbir Singh
  14. Potential Flows: Computer Graphic Solutions, Robert H. Kirchhoff
  15. Computer-Aided Graphics and Design: Second Edition, Daniel L. Ryan
  16. Electronically Controlled Proportional Valves: Selection and Application, Michael J. Tonyan, edited by Tobi Goldoftas
  17. Pressure Gauge Handbook, AMETEK, U.S. Gauge Division, edited by Philip W. Harland
  18. Fabric Filtration for Combustion Sources: Fundamentals and Basic Technology, R. P. Donovan
  19. Design of Mechanical Joints, Alexander Blake
  20. CAD/CAM Dictionary, Edward J. Preston, George W. Crawford, and Mark E. Coticchia
  21. Machinery Adhesives for Locking, Retaining, and Sealing, Girard S. Haviland
  22. Couplings and Joints: Design, Selection, and Application, Jon R. Mancuso
  23. Shaft Alignment Handbook, John Piotrowski
  24. BASIC Programs for Steam Plant Engineers: Boilers, Combustion, Fluid Flow, and Heat Transfer, V. Ganapathy
  25. Solving Mechanical Design Problems with Computer Graphics, Jerome C. Lange
  26. Plastics Gearing: Selection and Application, Clifford E. Adams
  27. Clutches and Brakes: Design and Selection, William C. Orthwein
  28. Transducers in Mechanical and Electronic Design, Harry L. Trietley
  29. Metallurgical Applications of Shock-Wave and High-Strain-Rate Phenomena, edited by Lawrence E. Murr, Karl P. Staudhammer, and Marc A. Meyers
  30. Magnesium Products Design, Robert S. Busk
  1. How to Integrate CAD/CAM Systems: Management and Technology, William D. Engelke
  2. Cam Design and Manufacture: Second Edition; with cam design software for the IBM PC and compatibles, disk included, Preben W. Jensen
  3. Solid-State AC Motor Controls: Selection and Application, Sylvester Campbell
  4. Fundamentals of Robotics, David D. Ardayfio
  5. Belt Selection and Application for Engineers, edited by Wallace D. Erickson
  6. Developing Three-Dimensional CAD Software with the IBM PC, C. Stan Wei
  7. Organizing Data for CIM Applications, Charles S. Knox, with contributions by Thomas C. Boos, Ross S. Culverhouse, and Paul F. Muchnicki
  8. Computer-Aided Simulation in Railway Dynamics, by Rao V. Dukkipati and Joseph R. Amyot
  9. Fiber-Reinforced Composites: Materials, Manufacturing, and Design, P. K. Mallick
  10. Photoelectric Sensors and Controls: Selection and Application, Scott M. Juds
  11. Finite Element Analysis with Personal Computers, Edward R. Champion, Jr. and J. Michael Ensminger
  12. Ultrasonics: Fundamentals, Technology, Applications: Second Edition, Revised and Expanded, Dale Ensminger
  13. Applied Finite Element Modeling: Practical Problem Solving for Engineers, Jeffrey M. Steele
  14. Measurement and Instrumentation in Engineering: Principles and Basic Laboratory Experiments, Francis S. Tse and Ivan E. Morse
  15. Centrifugal Pump Clinic: Second Edition, Revised and Expanded, Igor J. Karassik
  16. Practical Stress Analysis in Engineering Design: Second Edition, Revised and Expanded, Alexander Blake
  17. An Introduction to the Design and Behavior of Bolted Joints: Second Edition, Revised and Expanded, John H. Bickford
  18. High Vacuum Technology: A Practical Guide, Marsbed H. Hablanian
  19. Pressure Sensors: Selection and Application, Duane Tandeske
  20. Zinc Handbook: Properties, Processing, and Use in Design, Frank Porter
  21. Thermal Fatigue of Metals, Andrzej Weronski and Tadeusz Hejwowski
  22. Classical and Modern Mechanisms for Engineers and Inventors, Preben W. Jensen
  23. Handbook of Electronic Package Design, edited by Michael Pecht
  24. Shock-Wave and High-Strain-Rate Phenomena in Materials, edited by Marc A. Meyers, Lawrence E. Murr, and Karl P. Staudhammer
  25. Industrial Refrigeration: Principles, Design and Applications, P. C. Koelet
  26. Applied Combustion, Eugene L. Keating
  27. Engine Oils and Automotive Lubrication, edited by Wilfried J. Bartz
  1. Turbomachinery Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer, edited by Chunill Hah
  2. High-Vacuum Technology: A Practical Guide, Second Edition, Revised and Expanded, Marsbed H. Hablanian
  3. Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing: Workbook and Answerbook, James D. Meadows
  4. Handbook of Materials Selection for Engineering Applications, edited by G. T. Murray
  5. Handbook of Thermoplastic Piping System Design, Thomas Sixsmith and Reinhard Hanselka
  6. Practical Guide to Finite Elements: A Solid Mechanics Approach, Steven M. Lepi
  7. Applied Computational Fluid Dynamics, edited by Vijay K. Garg
  8. Fluid Sealing Technology, Heinz K. Muller and Bernard S. Nau
  9. Friction and Lubrication in Mechanical Design, A. A. Seireg
  10. Influence Functions and Matrices, Yuri A. Melnikov
  11. Mechanical Analysis of Electronic Packaging Systems, Stephen A. McKeown
  12. Couplings and Joints: Design, Selection, and Application, Second Edition, Revised and Expanded, Jon R. Mancuso
  13. Thermodynamics: Processes and Applications, Earl Logan, Jr.
  14. Gear Noise and Vibration, J. Derek Smith
  15. Practical Fluid Mechanics for Engineering Applications, John J. Bloomer
  16. Handbook of Hydraulic Fluid Technology, edited by George E. Totten
  17. Heat Exchanger Design Handbook, T. Kuppan
  18. Designing for Product Sound Quality, Richard H. Lyon
  19. Probability Applications in Mechanical Design, Franklin E. Fisher and Joy R. Fisher
  20. Nickel Alloys, edited by Ulrich Heubner
  21. Rotating Machinery Vibration: Problem Analysis and Troubleshooting, Maurice L. Adams, Jr.
  22. Formulas for Dynamic Analysis, Ronald L. Huston and C. Q. Liu
  23. Handbook of Machinery Dynamics, Lynn L. Faulkner and Earl Logan, Jr.
  24. Rapid Prototyping Technology: Selection and Application, Kenneth G. Cooper
  25. Reciprocating Machinery Dynamics: Design and Analysis, Abdulla S. Rangwala
  26. Maintenance Excellence: Optimizing Equipment Life-Cycle Decisions, edited by John D. Campbell and Andrew K. S. Jardine
  27. Practical Guide to Industrial Boiler Systems, Ralph L. Vandagriff
  28. Lubrication Fundamentals: Second Edition, Revised and Expanded, D. M. Pirro and A. A. Wessol
  29. Mechanical Life Cycle Handbook: Good Environmental Design and Manufacturing, edited by Mahendra S. Hundal
  30. Micromachining of Engineering Materials, edited by Joseph McGeough
  31. Control Strategies for Dynamic Systems: Design and Implementation, John H. Lumkes, Jr.
  32. Practical Guide to Pressure Vessel Manufacturing, Sunil Pullarcot
  1. Nondestructive Evaluation: Theory, Techniques, and Applications, edited by Peter J. Shull
  2. Diesel Engine Engineering: Thermodynamics, Dynamics, Design, and Control, Andrei Makartchouk
  3. Handbook of Machine Tool Analysis, Ioan D. Marinescu, Constantin Ispas, and Dan Boboc
  4. Implementing Concurrent Engineering in Small Companies, Susan Carlson Skalak
  5. Practical Guide to the Packaging of Electronics: Thermal and Mechanical Design and Analysis, Ali Jamnia
  6. Bearing Design in Machinery: Engineering Tribology and Lubrication, Avraham Harnoy
  7. Mechanical Reliability Improvement: Probability and Statistics for Experimental Testing, R. E. Little
  8. Industrial Boilers and Heat Recovery Steam Generators: Design, Applications, and Calculations, V. Ganapathy
  9. The CAD Guidebook: A Basic Manual for Understanding and Improving Computer-Aided Design, Stephen J. Schoonmaker
  10. Industrial Noise Control and Acoustics, Randall F. Barron
  11. Mechanical Properties of Engineered Materials, Wolé Soboyejo
  12. Reliability Verification, Testing, and Analysis in Engineering Design, Gary S. Wasserman
  13. Fundamental Mechanics of Fluids: Third Edition, I. G. Currie
  14. Intermediate Heat Transfer, Kau-Fui Vincent Wong
  15. HVAC Water Chillers and Cooling Towers: Fundamentals, Application, and Operation, Herbert W. Stanford III
  16. Gear Noise and Vibration: Second Edition, Revised and Expanded, J. Derek Smith
  17. Handbook of Turbomachinery: Second Edition, Revised and Expanded, edited by Earl Logan, Jr. and Ramendra Roy
  18. Piping and Pipeline Engineering: Design, Construction, Maintenance, Integrity, and Repair, George A. Antaki
  19. Turbomachinery: Design and Theory, Rama S. R. Gorla and Aijaz Ahmed Khan
  20. Target Costing: Market-Driven Product Design, M. Bradford Clifton, Henry M. B. Bird, Robert E. Albano, and Wesley P. Townsend
  21. Fluidized Bed Combustion, Simeon N. Oka
  22. Theory of Dimensioning: An Introduction to Parameterizing Geometric Models, Vijay Srinivasan
  23. Handbook of Mechanical Alloy Design, edited by George E. Totten, Lin Xie, and Kiyoshi Funatani
  24. Structural Analysis of Polymeric Composite Materials, Mark E. Tuttle
  25. Modeling and Simulation for Material Selection and Mechanical Design, edited by George E. Totten, Lin Xie, and Kiyoshi Funatani
  26. Handbook of Pneumatic Conveying Engineering, David Mills, Mark G. Jones, and Vijay K. Agarwal
  27. Clutches and Brakes: Design and Selection, Second Edition, William C. Orthwein
  28. Fundamentals of Fluid Film Lubrication: Second Edition, Bernard J. Hamrock, Steven R. Schmid, and Bo O. Jacobson
  1. Fundamentals of Natural Gas Processing, Arthur J. Kidnay and William Parrish
  2. Optimal Control of Induction Heating Processes, Edgar Rapoport and Yulia Pleshivtseva
  3. Practical Plant Failure Analysis: A Guide to Understanding Machinery Deterioration and Improving Equipment Reliability, Neville W. Sachs, P.E.
  4. Shaft Alignment Handbook, Third Edition, John Piotrowski
  5. Advanced Vibration Analysis , S. Graham Kelly
  6. Principles of Composite Materials Mechanics, Second Edition, Ronald F. Gibson
  7. Applied Combustion, Second Edition, Eugene L. Keating
  8. Introduction to the Design and Behavior of Bolted Joints, Fourth Edition: Non-Gasketed Joints, John H. Bickford
  9. Analytical and Approximate Methods in Transport Phenomena, Marcio L. de Souza-Santos
  10. Design and Optimization of Thermal Systems, Second Edition, Yogesh Jaluria
  11. Friction Science and Technology: From Concepts to Applications, Second Edition, Peter J. Blau
  12. Practical Guide to the Packaging of Electronics, Second Edition: Thermal and Mechanical Design and Analysis, Ali Jamnia
  13. Practical Stress Analysis in Engineering Design, Third Edition, Ronald L. Huston and Harold Josephs
  14. Principles of Biomechanics, Ronald L. Huston
  15. Mechanical Vibration Analysis, Uncertainties, and Control, Third Edition, Haym Benaroya and Mark L. Nagurka
  16. Solid Fuels Combustion and Gasification: Modeling, Simulation, and Equipment Operations, Second Edition, Third Edition, Marcio L. de Souza-Santos
  17. Asset Management Excellence, edited by John D. Campbell, Andrew K. S. Jardine, Joel McGlynn
  18. Mechanical Tolerance Stackup and Analysis, Second Edition, Bryan R. Fischer
  19. Principles of Composite Materials Mechanics, Third Edition, Ronald F. Gibson

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To my wonderful family, Maryanne, Tracy, Tola, Sophie, and

Aidan, and the memory of my parents,

Jim and Lora Gibson

xv

Contents

Preface.................................................................................................................... xxi Preface.to.the.Second.Edition........................................................................... xxiii Preface.to.the.First.Edition................................................................................. xxv

  • 1 Introduction Author.................................................................................................................. xxix - 1.1. Basic.Concepts........................................................................................ - 1.2. Constituent.Materials.for.Composites................................................ - Including.Nanoreinforcements............................................. 1.2.1. Reinforcement.Materials,. - 1.2.2. Matrix.and.Filler.Materials................................................... - 1.3. Structural.Applications.of.Composites............................................. - 1.4. Multifunctional.Applications.of.Composites................................... - 1.5. Fabrication.Processes........................................................................... - 1.6. Elements.of.Mechanical.Behavior.of.Composites........................... - 1.7. Review.of.Basic.Mechanics.of.Materials.Equations........................ - Problems........................................................................................................... - References........................................................................................................
  • 2 Lamina Stress–Strain Relationships - 2.1. Introduction.......................................................................................... - 2.2. Effective.Moduli.in.Stress–Strain.Relationships............................. - 2.3. Symmetry.in.Stress–Strain.Relationships........................................ - 2.4. Orthotropic.and.Isotropic.Engineering.Constants......................... - 2.5. Specially.Orthotropic.Lamina............................................................ - 2.6. Generally.Orthotropic.Lamina..........................................................
    • Problems...........................................................................................................
    • References........................................................................................................
  • 3 Effective Moduli of a Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Lamina - 3.1. Introduction.......................................................................................... - 3.2. Elementary.Mechanics.of.Materials.Models.................................... - 3.2.1. Longitudinal.Modulus........................................................... - 3.2.2. Transverse.Modulus............................................................. - 3.2.3. Shear.Modulus.and.Poisson’s.Ratio................................... - 3.3. Improved.Mechanics.of.Materials.Models..................................... - 3.4. Elasticity.Models................................................................................ - 3.4.1. Finite.Difference.Models..................................................... - 3.4.2. Finite.Element.Models.......................................................... - 3.4.3. Closed-Form.and.Variational.Models................................ - 3.5. Semiempirical.Models....................................................................... xvi Contents
    • Problems.........................................................................................................
    • References......................................................................................................
  • 4 Strength of a Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Lamina - 4.1. Introduction........................................................................................ - 4.2. Multiaxial.Strength.Criteria............................................................. - 4.2.1. Maximum.Stress.Criterion.................................................. - 4.2.2. Maximum.Strain.Criterion.................................................. - 4.2.3. Quadratic.Interaction.Criteria............................................. - 4.3. Micromechanics.Models.for.Lamina.Strength.............................. - 4.3.1. Longitudinal.Strength.......................................................... - 4.3.2. Transverse.Strength.............................................................. - 4.3.3. In-Plane.Shear.Strength....................................................... - 4.3.4. Multiaxial.Strength............................................................... - Problems......................................................................................................... - References......................................................................................................
  • 5 Analysis of Lamina Hygrothermal Behavior - 5.1. Introduction........................................................................................ - 5.2. Hygrothermal.Degradation.of.Properties...................................... - Hygrothermal Effects........................................................................ 5.3. Lamina.Stress–Strain.Relationships.Including. - 5.4. Micromechanics.Models.for.Hygrothermal.Properties...............
    • Problems.........................................................................................................
    • References......................................................................................................
  • 6 Analysis of a Discontinuously Reinforced Lamina - 6.1. Introduction........................................................................................ - 6.2. Aligned.Discontinuous.Fibers......................................................... - 6.2.1. Stress.and.Strength.Analysis.............................................. - 6.2.2. Modulus.Analysis................................................................. - 6.3. Off.Axis–Aligned.Discontinuous.Fibers........................................ - 6.3.1. Stress.and.Strength.Analysis.............................................. - 6.3.2. Modulus.Analysis................................................................. - 6.4. Randomly.Oriented.Discontinuous.Fibers.................................... - 6.4.1. Stress.and.Strength.Analysis.............................................. - 6.4.2. Modulus.Analysis................................................................. - 6.5. Nanofibers.and.Nanotubes............................................................... - 6.5.1. Stress.and.Strength.Analysis.............................................. - 6.5.2. Modulus.Analysis................................................................. - 6.6. Particulates.......................................................................................... - 6.6.1. Stress.and.Strength.Analysis.............................................. - 6.6.2. Modulus.Analysis................................................................. - 6.7. Hybrid.Multiscale.Reinforcements.................................................. - Problems......................................................................................................... Contents xvii - References......................................................................................................
    • 7 Analysis of Laminates - 7.1. Introduction........................................................................................ - 7.2. Theory.of.Laminated.Beams............................................................ - 7.2.1. Flexural.Stresses.and.Deflections....................................... - 7.2.2. Shear.Stresses.and.Deflections........................................... - 7.3. Theory.of.Laminated.Plates.with.Coupling................................... - Laminate.Configurations.................................................................. 7.4. Stiffness.Characteristics.of.Selected. - 7.4.1. Specially.Orthotropic.Laminates........................................ - 7.4.2. Generally.Orthotropic.Laminates...................................... - 7.4.3. Symmetric.Laminates.......................................................... - 7.4.4. Antisymmetric.Laminates................................................... - 7.4.5. Quasi-Isotropic.Laminates.................................................. - 7.5. Derivation.and.Use.of.Laminate.Compliances.............................. - Equations................................................................................ 7.5.1. Inversion.of.Laminate.Force–Deformation. - 7.5.2. Determination.of.Lamina.Stresses.and.Strains................ - 7.5.3. Determination.of.Laminate.Engineering.Constants....... - Predicted.Compliances........................................................ 7.5.4. Comparison.of.Measured.and. - 7.6. Hygrothermal.Effects.in.Laminates................................................ - 7.6.1. Hygrothermal.Degradation.of.Laminates......................... - 7.6.2. Hygrothermal.Stresses.in.Laminates................................. - 7.6.3. Laminate.Hygrothermal.Expansion.Coefficients............
      • 7.7. Interlaminar.Stresses.........................................................................
      • 7.8. Laminate.Strength.Analysis............................................................. - Due to In-Plane Stresses...................................................... 7.8.1. First.Ply.Failure.and.Subsequent.Ply.Failures. - 7.8.2. Delamination.Due.to.Interlaminar.Stresses.....................
      • 7.9. Deflection.and.Buckling.of.Laminates........................................... - 7.9.1. Analysis.of.Small.Transverse.Deflections......................... - 7.9.2. Buckling.Analysis.................................................................
      • 7.10. Selection.of.Laminate.Designs.........................................................
      • Structures............................................................................................ 7.11. Application.of.Laminate.Analysis.to.Composite - 7.11.1. Composite.Sandwich.Structures........................................ - 7.11.2. Composite.Grid.Structures..................................................
        • Problems.........................................................................................................
        • References......................................................................................................
  • 8 Analysis of Viscoelastic and Dynamic Behavior - 8.1. Introduction........................................................................................ - 8.2. Linear.Viscoelastic.Behavior.of.Composites.................................. xviii Contents - and Relaxation....................................................................... 8.2.1. Boltzmann.Superposition.Integrals.for.Creep. - Dashpot.Models.................................................................... 8.2.2. Differential.Equations.and.Spring– - 8.2.3. Quasielastic.Analysis........................................................... - Modulus.Notation................................................................. 8.2.4. Sinusoidal.Oscillations.and.Complex. - 8.2.5. Elastic–Viscoelastic.Correspondence.Principle................ - 8.2.6. Temperature.and.Aging.Effects.......................................... - 8.3. Dynamic.Behavior.of.Composites................................................... - Specially Orthotropic.Composite.Bars.............................. 8.3.1. Longitudinal.Wave.Propagation.and.Vibrations.in. - 8.3.2. Flexural.Vibration.of.Composite.Beams............................ - 8.3.3. Transverse.Vibration.of.Laminated.Plates........................ - 8.3.4. Analysis.of.Damping.in.Composites................................. - Properties............................................................................................ 8.4. Nanoenhancement.of.Viscoelastic.and.Dynamic. - Problems......................................................................................................... - References......................................................................................................
    • 9 Analysis of Fracture - 9.1. Introduction........................................................................................ - Cracks.................................................................................................. 9.2. Fracture.Mechanics.Analyses.of.Through-Thickness - 9.2.1. Stress.Intensity.Factor.Approach........................................ - 9.2.2. Strain.Energy.Release.Rate.Approach............................... - 9.2.3. Virtual.Crack.Closure.Technique....................................... - 9.3. Stress.Fracture.Criteria.for.Through-Thickness.Notches............. - 9.4. Interlaminar.Fracture........................................................................ - 9.5. Nanoenhancement.of.Fracture.Toughness....................................
      • Problems.........................................................................................................
      • References......................................................................................................
  • 10 Mechanical Testing of Composites and Their Constituents - 10.1. Introduction........................................................................................ - 10.2. Measurement.of.Constituent.Material.Properties......................... - 10.2.1. Fiber.Tests.............................................................................. - 10.2.2. Neat.Resin.Matrix.Tests....................................................... - 10.2.3. Constituent.Volume.Fraction.Measurement..................... - 10.3. Measurement.of.Basic.Composite.Properties................................ - 10.3.1. Tensile.Tests........................................................................... - 10.3.2. Compressive.Tests................................................................. - 10.3.3. Shear.Tests.............................................................................. - 10.3.4. Flexure.Tests.......................................................................... - 10.3.5. Interlaminar.Fracture.Tests................................................. Contents xix - 10.3.6. Fiber/Matrix.Interface.Tests................................................ - 10.3.7. Open.Hole.and.Filled.Hole.Tests........................................ - 10.3.8. Bearing.Tests.......................................................................... - 10.3.9. Pull-Through.Tests................................................................ - 10.4. Measurement.of.Viscoelastic.and.Dynamic.Properties............... - 10.4.1. Creep.Tests............................................................................. - 10.4.2. Vibration.Tests....................................................................... - 10.5. Measurement.of.Hygrothermal.Properties.................................... - 10.5.1. Glass.Transition.Temperature.Tests................................... - 10.5.2. Thermal.Expansion.Tests..................................................... - 10.5.3. Moisture.Absorption.Tests.................................................. - Problems......................................................................................................... - References......................................................................................................
    • Appendix A: Matrix Concepts and Operations
    • Appendix B: Stress Equilibrium Equations
    • Appendix C: Strain–Displacement Equations
  • Index