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D. Invitations sent from India. - ANSWER Europeans embarked on expansionist voyages for all of the following reasons except a. the potential for economic gain through trade. b. the desire to spread Christianity c. confidence arising from improved cartography, navigational methods, and ship designs. d. Invitations sent from India. e. Growing knowledge of wind patterns in the Atlantic Ocean.
c. Vasco da Gama and Afonso de Albuquerque. - ANSWER The Portuguese captains who first landed at Calicut in India and seized the port of Malacca in modern-day Malaysia were, respectively, a. Jaime Cardose and Pedro Martinez Munoa. b. Ferdinando Colan and Alhambra da Fonseca. c. Vasco da Gama and Afonso de Albuquerque. d. Henry da Bruscia and Eduardo da Estabano. e. Juan Montillo and Jorge Sikada Maio.
b. divided the "new" areas discovered by Europeans between Spain and Portugal. - ANSWER The Treaty of Tordesillas a. divided the "new" areas discovered by Europeans between the English and the French. b. divided the "new" areas discovered by Europeans between Spain and Portugal. c. gave the English the eastern route around the Cape of Good Hope. d. gave the French the eastern route around the Cape of Good Hope. e. ended the Hundred Years War.
c. Cortés and the Aztecs; Pizarro and the Incas. - ANSWER Which of the following accurately pairs Spanish conquistadors with the New World empires they destroyed? a. Pizarro and the Aztecs; de Soto and the Incas. b. Magellan and the Incas; Albuquerque and the Iroquois. c. Cortés and the Aztecs; Pizarro and the Incas. d. de Soto and the Aztecs; Cortés and the Incas. e. de Soto and the Incas; Cortés and the Aztecs.
d. supposed to be protected by the Spanish. - ANSWER Under the encomienda system, New World natives were a. forced to accept Islam. b. permitted local autonomy. c. subjected to exploitation and harsh treatment by the Dutch. d. supposed to be protected by the Spanish. e. taken to Spain to be used as laborers.
c. Encroahments by the British and Dutch East India companies. - ANSWER Portuguese domination of the spice trade was ended by a. Attacks by Mughal ships b. the circumnavigating voyage of Balboa. c. Encroahments by the British and Dutch East India companies. d. rival Hindu merchants from the Ganges plain. e. a new outbreak of the Black Death.
c. tomatoes and tobacco were introduced into the Americas from Europe. - ANSWER All of the following were part of the Columbian Exchange except a. cows and horses were introduced into the Western hemisphere. b. potatoes and corn were introduced into Europe from the Americas.
b. justification by faith c. papal authority d. scriptural authority e. indulgences
b. love was the major reason for marriage. - ANSWER All of the following statements are correct of early modern Europe family structure except a. as elsewhere, most marriages were arranged by the parents. b. love was the major reason for marriage. c. the husband was to be the ruler and the wife was to obey. d. the family was the primary unit of the social order. e. in addition to obeying her husband, the wife's other role was to bear children.
c. isolating Russia from the ways and customs of western Europe. - ANSWER All of the following were policies of Peter the Great (Tsar of Russia 1682-1725) except a. the majority of governmental expenditures were for military purposes. b. state domination of the Russian Orthodox church. c. isolating Russia from the ways and customs of western Europe. d. an effort to modernize Russia. e. strengthening of the power of the tsar.
e. constitutional monarchy. - ANSWER As a result of the Glorious Revolution of 1688-89, England became a a. republic. b. divine right monarchy. c. federated commonwealth. d. democracy. e. constitutional monarchy.
b. by the early sixteenth century, Ottoman power allowed Murad to conquer African Ethiopia. - ANSWER *All of the following were true about the expansion of the Ottoman Empire except a. under Selim I, the Ottomans controlled the Middle East and North Africa. b. by the early sixteenth century, Ottoman power allowed Murad to conquer African Ethiopia. c. the Ottomans gained control over Mecca and Medina. d. by the early eighteenth century, Ottoman control in North Africa had become weaker. e. the Ottomans were twice repulsed on the outskirts of Vienna.
e. The government refused to allow any religion to be practiced in the empire except for Islam. - ANSWER Which of the following statements is not an accurate characterization of Ottoman government? a. Originally, Ottoman rule was dominated by tribal law and augmented by Muslim law. b. The Ottoman Empire was influenced by Byzantine and Persian rule. c. The sultan ruled from the Topkapi with the assistance of the Grand Vezirs, who were primarily the products of the devshirme d. The government was located in Istanbul, the former Constantinople. e. The government refused to allow any religion to be practiced in the empire except for Islam.
a. The fall of the Safavid dynasty. - ANSWER *Mughal decline was almost certainly not caused by the a. The fall of the Safavid dynasty. b. Gradual concentration of power and wealth in local hands. c. The return of Muslim strictness and bigotry after the rule of Shah Jahan d. Emergence of European power on the subcontinent. e. The draining of the imperial treasury
b. rejected the ideas of Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo. c. postulated the universal law of gravitation. d. supplied the new theory of the universe that combined the work of Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo. e. showed how the elliptical orbits of the planets could be mathematically explained
b. use of the scientific method to foster progress toward a "better" society. - ANSWER The intellectuals of the Enlightenment advocated the a. creation of a new religion of science. b. use of the scientific method to foster progress toward a "better" society. c. application of religious precepts to all knowledge. d. abandonment of reason and human development.
a. Gold and silver were shipped to America by Spain. - ANSWER Which of the following was not an element in eighteenth-century global trade? a. Gold and silver were shipped to America by Spain. b. Indian and Chinese products were purchased by the English, Dutch, and French. c. American plantation products were purchased by the nations of Europe. d. English manufactured goods were traded for African slaves, who were sold in Virginia for tobacco, which was then processed in England and sold for cash in Germany. e. Overseas trade boomed.
a. the rural lower classes. - ANSWER The philosophes generally included all of the following except a. the rural lower classes. b. the urban middle classes. c. university professors. d. journalists.
d. action of the Third Estate in declaring itself to be a National Assembly. - ANSWER The event that constituted the start of the French Revolution was the a. meeting between Quesnay and Adam Smith. b. The construction of the Bastille. c. mutiny of the French army. d. action of the Third Estate in declaring itself to be a National Assembly. e. revolts of French peasants in the countryside.
b. combat the dual threat of internal rebellion and foreign invasion. - ANSWER The Committee of Public Safety was established by the French revolutionaries to a. negotiate a military alliance with England. b. combat the dual threat of internal rebellion and foreign invasion. c. provide the nation with a renewed monarchy. d. negotiate the safe return of French emigres. e. control the ambitions of Napoleon.
d. created a "nation in arms" and a massive and powerful new army - ANSWER The French Revolution a. was precipitated by a noble-bourgeois dispute over the best way to deal with the large budgetary surpluses of 1788 and 1789. b. actually had no real impact on either the economic or political status of peasants. c. created no major gains, even temporarily, for women in such areas as divorce and inheritance. d. created a "nation in arms" and a massive and powerful new army e. failed in its attempt to restore divine right monarchy to France.
b. Exemption from its rigors for child workers - ANSWER Which was not part of the new 'industrial work discipline' of early 19th-century factories? a. Dismissal or fines for rule offenses for adults
b. some people rose in social status, while many others worked in appalling conditions. - ANSWER It can be said that, as a result of the Industrial Revolution, by 1847 a. most middle-class women worked for wages. b. some people rose in social status, while many others worked in appalling conditions. c. all segments of society experienced higher income from the changes. d. violent and prolonged conflicts between social classes became endemic
c. Took place as part of the Second Industrial Revolution between 1860 and World War I
- ANSWER The widespread substitution of steel for iron a. Occurred early in the Industrial Revolution. b. Was made possible by the use of hydroelectric power. c. Took place as part of the Second Industrial Revolution between 1860 and World War I d. Was limited to Europe until after World War I. e. Occurred during World War I.
c. Conservatism. - ANSWER *By aiming at establishing legitimacy and a traditional balance of power in European political affairs, Metternich and his associates at the Congress of Vienna were representative of what sort of politics? a. Libertarianism. b. Liberalism. c. Conservatism. d. Nationalism. e. Socialism.
a. was a potential threat to the existing political order in Europe. - ANSWER from 1815-1870 nationalism a. was a potential threat to the existing political order in Europe. b. had major support only in western, Atlantic-coast Europe c. was firmly opposed by Bismarck and Cavour.
d. won speedy acceptance across Europe because every government was helped by it. e. Steadily died out.
d. A Return to the Peasant Lifestyle - ANSWER In the Revolution of 1848, revolutionaries demanded all but which of the following: a. Individual Rights b. Employment in Government-Run Workshops c. The Right of National Self-Determination d. A Return to the Peasant Lifestyle e. The Rule of Law
d. the Ottoman Empire. - ANSWER The "Eastern Question" in the nineteenth century concerned the fate of what state? a. the Austrian Empire. b. Great Britain. c. Germany. d. the Ottoman Empire. e. Russia.
a. Simón Bolívar and José de San Martín. - ANSWER The liberators of Venezuela and Argentina, respectively, were a. Simón Bolívar and José de San Martín. b. Augustín de Iturbide and Toussaint Prado. c. José de San Martín and Alfonso Stroessner. d. Santa Ana and Toussaint L'Ouverture. e. Benito Juarez and Vicente Rojas.
c. British. - ANSWER *After the nations of Latin America gained their independence in the nineteenth century, their economies became dominated by the a. Dutch.
d. United States cotton production peaked in 1820 and dropped steadily after that. e. While lengthy, the Civil War did not involve many major battles or high casualty lists.
e. island of Galapagos. - ANSWER Which of the following was not an American colony? a. Samoan Islands. b. Hawaiian Islands. c. Philippine Islands. d. island of Guam. e. island of Galapagos.
b. creation of new, mass leisure activities to entertain and divert urban populations. - ANSWER *The new mass society was characterized by the a. emergence of a new, blended elite of European factory workers and middle-classes who, together, composed about 55 percent of the population. b. creation of new, mass leisure activities to entertain and divert urban populations. c. development of a new peasant class, comprising 45 percent of the population, whose numbers caused urban Europeans to fear their seizing power. d. hard-working rural peasant farmers. e. the country fair and the rural carnival.
b. stated that all living things are involved in a struggle to survive. - ANSWER Charles Darwin presented a theory of evolution that a. claimed humans were aggregations of atomic attraction and radiomagnetic induction. b. stated that all living things are involved in a struggle to survive. c. excluded human beings from the process of natural selection. d. strengthened the concept of the universe possessing purpose and design. e. made human beings unique entities in the natural world.
