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GEORGIA 8TH GRADE HISTORY EXAM
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What is the oldest prehistoric culture that was found in Georgia? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Paleo Which prehistoric culture is responsible for the invention of the Bow and Arrow? ---- CORRECT ANSWER-------------Woodland How did prehistoric cultures evolve in Georgia? ----CORRECT ANSWER------------- Advances in technology led to new shared experiences Which prehistoric culture is responsible for the introduction of horticulture? ---- CORRECT ANSWER-------------Archaic Which prehistoric culture vanished without a trace? ----CORRECT ANSWER------------- Paleo What two regions does the Fall Line divide? ----CORRECT ANSWER------------- Piedmont and Coastal Plain The Savannah River forms a border with which state? ----CORRECT ANSWER----------- --South Carolina
What provides the majority of drinking water for Metro Atlanta? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Chattahoochee River What purpose do the barrier islands serve? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------The beaches protect the mainland from damaging winds, erosion and water. What is the largest inland freshwater wetland in Georgia? ----CORRECT ANSWER------- ------Okefenokee Swamp Why did pioneers first choose to settle along the fall line? ----CORRECT ANSWER------- ------Available Hydropower This is NOT HYDROELECTRIC power...hydropower just refers to using water (which was moving quickly around the fall line) to turn a waterwheel that then moved machinery to complete tasks (Cotton Gins, Textile Mills, Corn/Wheat Mills) What river forms a portion of Georgia's Western border with Alabama? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Chattahoochee River What physical feature contributes to the relatively high amounts of rainfall enjoyed by people in extreme northeast Georgia? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Appalachian Mountains What river crossing resulted in a town to grow up around it's crossing by the Western & Atlantic Railroad en route from Chattanooga, TN. to Savannah, GA.? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------The Chattahoochee River Which physical feature in Georgia is home to the largest variety of wildlife? ---- CORRECT ANSWER-------------Okefenokee Swamp
Which region of Georgia is well known for the textile manufacturing? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Valley and Ridge ***Remember, the language of the standard is Valley and Ridge - even though we've used Ridge and Valley as our term in school...you'll see Valley and Ridge on the test Which of Georgia's regions include parts of the Appalachian Mountains? ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Blue Ridge Mountains, Ridge and Valley, Appalachian Plateau **All three regions listed are part of the Appalachian Mountain chain The First African-American students to integrate the University of Georgia ---- CORRECT ANSWER-------------Charlayne Hunter and Hamilton Holmes What strategy did Martin Luther King, Jr. use to encourage social change? ---- CORRECT ANSWER-------------Nonviolent protest, Nonviolence, or Civil Disobediance Jimmy Carter ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------The only President of the United States from the State of Georgia Elected in 1976, served from 1977-1981 From Plains, Georgia Former Peanut Farmer 1996 Olympics ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------In Atlanta (but events all over state and Southeast) Summer Olympic games Brought recognition and prestige to Atlanta Terrorist bombing/Centennial Park bombing took place during games, killing 2 Sonny Perdue ----CORRECT ANSWER------------- 2 - term governor from 2002- 2010 1st Republican governor of Georgia since Reconstruction Profit ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Income - Expenses = Profit Headright System ----CORRECT ANSWER------------- Land Distribution system first used to give away land and help populate Georgia.
- In place from 1733- 1790
- If you qualified (were considered the HEAD of a household), you had the RIGHT to land Land Lottery ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Land Distribution system used to give away land once there were more people who wanted land than there was land to give away In place after 1790 If you met certain conditions (widowed, mentally incompetent, war veteran) you could get extra chances. Yazoo Land Fraud ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------1795 GA Governor Matthews and members of the GA General Assembly were bribed by 4 land companies to sell them cheap land that they could then turn around and sell for a profit The land in question was in modern day AL & Ms Named after Yazoo River President Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------4 term President of the U.S. 1932-1945 Guided Nation during Great Depression and WWII Responsible for the NEW DEAL Had Polio (could not walk) Vacationed/took therapy for Polio at Warm Springs, GA residence at Warm Springs was called "The Little White House" Boll Weevil ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Invasive beetle that arrived in Georgia in 1915 By 1921, this insect destroyed 45% of Georgia's Cotton Crop Along with an extended drought, it was responsible for Georgia entering the Great depression PRIOR to the rest of the country in 1929 New Deal ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------FDR's (President Franklin Roosevelt) program during the Great Depression to get Americans to work because unemployment was very high Programs included Social Security, CCC (Civilian Conservation Corps), TVA (Tennessee Valley Authority), etc... Georgians who signed the Declaration of Independence ----CORRECT ANSWER--------- ----Button Gwinnett Lyman Hall
France and other Allied nations with vast amounts of war material between 1941 and
Plessy vs. Ferguson ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------1896 Homer Plessy (1/8 black) was arrested for illegially sitting in a Whites Only train car in Lousiana Plessy sued/said law unconstitutional US Supreme court ruled against Plessy/said that separate but equal facilities were legal legalized segregation Worcester vs. Georgia ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------1832 Samuel Worcester (missionary) arrested for not swearing oath of allegiance to GA Governor He sued/said GA law did not apply in sovereign Cherokee territory Supreme Ct. ruled GA law did not apply/Worcester won President refused to uphold court ruling Brown vs. (Topeka, KS) Board of Education ----CORRECT ANSWER------------- 1954 Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson and said separate but equal was inherently unequal. Led to the integration of public schools all across USA Many were against integration of schools, in some places Army/National Guard had to enforce Dred Scott vs. Sanford ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------1857 Scott, a slave, sued for his freedom Scott's case was that he lived in free states for years as his master was in the military Supreme Ct. said he wasn't a citizen (slave or descendant of a slave) and therefore couldn't sue. CASE DISMISSED 13th Amendment to the United States Constitution ----CORRECT ANSWER------------- Banned Slavery in the United States of America USA Required 13th Amendment be passed by former Confederate States in order to be readmitted to the Union 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution ----CORRECT ANSWER------------- written to counter BLACK CODES that disenfranchised blacks; overturned Dred Scott vs. Sanford by making all born in USA citizens; guaranteed equal protection to all under the law; guaranteed due process for gov't taking life, liberty or property
15th Amendment to the United States Constitution ----CORRECT ANSWER------------- made it illegal for US or State gov't to deny someone the right to vote because of: Race, Color, or Previous Condition of Servitude (whether or not someone used to be a slave) Ellis Arnall ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Governor of Georgia from 1943-1947 He reformed the state penal system, repealed the poll tax, lowered the voting age, revised the state constitution, established a teachers' retirement system, and paid off the long- existing state debt. Three Governor's Episode ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------E. Talmadge, who had recently been elected governor of GA dies; H. Talmadge, son of E. Talmadge claimed the governorship of GA; Gov Arnall refuses Talmadge's claim; Gov Arnall resigns in favor of Lt. Gov.Thompson William Hartsfield ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Atl Mayor from 1937 to 1941 & from 1942 to 1962 He developed ATL airport into an aviation center ensured ATL's water supply w/ completion of Buford Dam declared ATL the city too busy to hate during the Civil RIghts Era Ivan Allen ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------2 term Mayor of ATL (1962-1970) Accomplishments: ATL experienced dramatic growth Opposed Segregation: day 1 as mayor/took down all "white" & "colored" signs from city hall Built during tenure: ATl Stadium/Braves to ATL 1966 ATL Civic Center I-285 started Three reasons for the settlement of the Georgia Colony ----CORRECT ANSWER--------- ----Charity Economics Defense
Salzburgers ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Some of the first immigrants to the new Georgia colony in the 1730's From Salzburg, in Austria came to Georgia to escape religious persecution (they were protestants, not Catholics) settled Ebenezer/New Ebenezer opposed slavery Highland Scots ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Early immigrants to the Georgia colony Per Oglethorpe, settled Darien, Ga. (which was on the northern bank of the Altamaha River...the southern border of the Georgia colony at the time) Were fierce fighters/helped defend border w/Spanish Florida malcontents ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Settlers in the Georgia colony who were not happy with conditions in the colony wanted slavery (to compete w/ cheap exports in neighboring S. Carolina) wanted to change restrictions on land ownership/inheritance Slavery in Georgia ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Began in 1750, 2 years before it was technically legal (when GA became a Royal Colony in 1752) Greatly expanded after 1793 invention of Cotton Gin by Eli Whitney Does not end until passage of the 13th Amendment to the US Constitution in 1865 Georgia's Royal Governors ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------John Reynolds Henry Ellis James Wright French and Indian War ----CORRECT ANSWER------------- 1754 - 1763 (also known as the 7 years war) France & Indian Allies vs Great Britain over control of the Ohio River Valley expensive/long time, long distances involved, it's WAR! Great Britain won, leads to American Revolution (taxes to pay for F&I war) Proclamation of 1763 ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------forbade colonists moving W of Appalachian Mtns. Moved GA's southern border to St. Mary's river Saved Great Britain $ by keeping troops out of the Ohio River Valley to protect colonists from Native Americans Helped to pay off debt from F&I War
Stamp Act ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Placed taxes on newspapers, licenses and other items in the British colonies in North America Supposed to help pay off debt from F&I War Upset colonists: NO TAXATION WITHOUT REPRESENTATION Intolerable Acts ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Great Britain's punishment to its American colonies for the Boston Tea Party (12/16/1773) Incensed/greatly angered American colonists Quartering Act, repair Boston Harbor, no meetings in MA w/o Governor approval, British Officials tried in Britain Declaration of Independence ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Approved 4 July 1776 (signed 2 August 1776) GA signers: Button Gwinnett, Lyman Hall, George Walton severed ties between Great Britain & its 13 American colonies Established The United States of America signed over 1 year after war began (4/19/1775) Elijah Clarke ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Commander (rank of Colonel) at Battle of Kettle Creek (2/14/1779, near Washington, GA) helped by Austin Dabney American victory captured valuable supplies from the British Showed British inability to hold interior of state & protect loyalists Austin Dabney ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------African American who fought at the Battle of Kettle Creek Served in the place of Richard Aycock Helped save commander Elijah Clarke at the Battle of Kettle Creek Nancy Hart ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Only woman in Georgia to have a county named after her Lived near Elberton, Ga. Neighbor killed by Tories for not helping them; Hart killed 1 or 2 of 5 Tories who wanted her to cook them dinner in 1771 Before Quartering Act; Don't mess with her! Battle of Kettle Creek ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------2/14/1779 (Revolutionary War), near Washington, GA American victory captured valuable supplies from the British Showed British inability to hold interior of state & protect loyalists
Sequoyah ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Cherokee Indian (english name: George Gist) Invented Cherokee Syllabary in 1821 Only time in recorded history that a member of an illiterate people independently created an effective writing system system widely adopted by Cherokee" Dahlonega Gold Rush ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Gold discovered near Dahlonega, Ga in 1829 by Benjamin Parks Led to Cherokee being kicked off their own lands Beginnings of first major Gold Rush in America so much gold found that a U.S. mint was established in Dahlonega John Ross ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Cherokee Chief 1st Democratically elected leader of the Cherokee Took a petition to Washington, D.C./Congress objecting to the Indian Removal Act States' Rights ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------The belief that a State's interests supersede the interests of the National Government opposite of Federalism Nullification ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------The idea that a State can void any (national or federal) law that it feels is not in its best interests/might be harmful to the State. Related to States' Rights * Nullification Crisis of 1832 SC/other southern states wanted to void 1828 Tariff of secede Missouri Compromise ----CORRECT ANSWER------------- 1820 Allowed Missouri to enter the Union as a Slave state Allowed Maine to enter the Union as a Free state Forbade slavery north of Missouri's southern border (36' 30") Maintained balance of power (N vs S in U.S. Senate)"
Compromise of 1850 and the Georgia Platform ----CORRECT ANSWER------------- California enters Union as a Free State Texas gives up annexing N.M. N.M. & UT.--> Popular Sovereignty determines Slave/Free End of slave trade in/slave owners still keep slaves in D.C. GA. Platform--> Compromise accepted w/ Fugitive Slave Act Kansas-Nebraska Act ----CORRECT ANSWER------------- 1854 Creates territories of Kansas and Nebraska Allowed Popular Sovereignty to determine if Slave/Free Nullifies Missouri Compromise & angers many Northerners/Abolitionists because slavery could be allowed N of Missouri's Southern border Election of 1860 ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Abraham Lincoln, a Northern Republican elected Received 0 electoral votes from Slave states Slave states felt he could not represent them and wanted to outlaw slavery In response many southern states opened secession conventions to secede from the Union Alexander Stephens ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Georgian who argued passionately against Georgia seceding at its secession convention Even though Georgia eventually seceded, he still elected to support his home state by agreeing to serve as Vice President of the Confederacy Battle of Antietam ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------September 17, 1862 battle winner inconclusive, but tactical Union victory Because the Union was losing the war to this point, it was the victory Lincoln needed (to speak from strength, not desperation) to issue the Emancipation Proclamation (to end war) Emancipation Proclamation ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Issued 9/22/1862-->in effect Jan. 1, 1863 issued to end war as quickly as possible promised CSA it could keep slaves if war ended, or all slaves in states/districts in rebellion would be freed
Freedman's Bureau ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------following the passage of the 13th amendment (1865) fb was established to help newly freed slaves (freedmen) and poor whites with developmental skills (education, job training) a favorite target of the KKK in the post civil war era Sharecropping ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------a system of farming where the land owner provides seeds, tools, livestock, and housing to the farmer and his family in exchange for a large share of the crops. Tenant Farming ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------a system of farming where the farmer pays the land owner a rent in exchange for the use of his land. under this system the land owner is responsible for only providing the land. (farmer is responsible for everything else) Lincoln's Reconstruction Plan ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------give amnesty to all (except war criminals) willing to take an oath loyal to U.S. Southerners had to promise to support the U.S. Constitution and obey anti-slavery laws Southern States governments would be recognized after 10% of the number of 1860 voters took oath of allegiance Johnson's Reconstruction Plan ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Recognized several of Lincoln's 10 percent governments. It Disfranchised certain leading Confeserates and called for special state conventions, which were required to repeal the ordinances of secession, repudiate all Confederate debts, and ratify the 13th Amendment. Ku Klux Klan (KKK) ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------a terrorist organization founded in Pulaski, Tennessee after the civil war, led by Nathan Bedford Forrest. Led by planters, merchants, & Democratic politicians.Targeted Republican leaders (black & white) a secret society created by white southerners in 1866 that used terror and violence to keep African Americans from obtaining their civil rights
Henry McNeal Turner and the other black legislators were expelled from the Georgia house and senate after their elections in 1868, why? ----CORRECT ANSWER------------- Because they had the right to vote but not the right to hold office. This ultimately led to the movement of Georgia's state capital from Milledgeville to its current location in Atlanta." The Bourbon Triumvirate ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Democrats controlled Georgia's gov't after reconstruction. Powerful democracy leaders known as the "Bourbon Triumvirate" were Joseph E. Brown, Alfred H. Colquitt, & John B. Gordon. Their goals were:
- To expand GA's economy & ties with industries in the North
- Maintain the tradition of the white supremacy Rebecca Latimer Felton ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------First U.S. women into senate leader in the suffrage (women's vote) used family owned newspaper to attack Bourbons complained to democrats that they were ignoring Georgia's middle class & poor pushed for equal rights Henry W. Grady ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Editor of Atlanta Constitution. Promoted a "New South", which focused on getting over the Civil War and a shift from the traditional southern agrarian economy to a more industrial one. Organizer of the International Cotton Exposition in the 1880s International Cotton Exposition ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------A convention where southern farmers and such went to a building in present day Piedmont Park to show the world how the South had been recovering from the war. Speech was made on the topic of race relations by Booker T. Washington on September 18, 1895. ( cast your bucket down where you are; separate as the fingers, yet one as the hand ) @ The Cotton States Exposition Tom Watson and the Populists ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------"Populists" tend to claim that they side with "the people" against "the elites" Watson was a populist, and a Congressional Representative from Georgia
President of Atlanta University, active in NAACP, first black president of Morehouse College Lugenia Burns Hope was a social reformer whose Neighborhood Union and other community service organizations improved the quality of life for blacks in Atlanta, Georgia, and served as a model for the future Civil Rights Movement. Alonzo Herndon ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Former slave from Social Circle, Georgia Self taught barber and business owner Founder/owned of Atlanta Mutual Life Insurance company Early African American millionaire Great Depression ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------The stock market crash of 1929 resulted in a drastic economic downturn that led to the Great Depression. Businesses closed, banks declared bankruptcy, and millions of individuals lost jobs and savings. By 1932 1/4 of all Americans were out of work. Depression did not end until U.S. entered WWII Eugene Talmadge ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------He is one of Georgia's more controversial governors. He was elected to four terms in total and was well known for stumping the rural parts of the state to obtain the farmer votes needed due to the county unit system. He was a conservative, to the point of fiercely opposing Roosevelt's New Deal programs. Avowed segregationist. The guy who died leading to the 3 governor's episode. Georgia's 1956 State Flag ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------after the 1954 Brown vs. Board supreme court case integrating public schools forced GA and other states to let black and white kids go to school together, Georgia legislators protested by changing the state flag to incorporate the Confederate Battle Flag. Considered offensive to many because it protested integration, rather than simply supporting states' rights. Andrew Young ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------African-American An American politician, diplomat, civil-rights activist and pastor from Georgia
He has served as Mayor of Atlanta, a Congressman from the 5th district, and United States Ambassador to the United Nations. How Profit motivates Entrepreneurs ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------entrepreneurs risk their own time, energy, and $$$ in exchange for the prospect of greater financial reward. Carl Vinson ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------From Georgia Known as the father of the two ocean navy, Vinson was a driving force behind the United States having a Pacific ocean fleet and an Atlantic ocean fleet prior to WWII. He is also known for his partnership with Richard Russell, and their ability to get numerous military Installations into Georgia during World War II, bringing many new jobs to the state. Richard Russell ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Russell served as Georgia's governor two years and was known for simplifying the state's government. After this he was one of Georgia's U.S. senators for the next 38 years. His best known accomplishments as a Senator are his support of the military and along with his partnership of Carl Vinson, their ability to get numerous military installations into the state during World War II, bringing many new jobs to the state. Martin Luther King Jr. ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Pastor of Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta Civil Rights Activist and proponent of Civil Disobedience Famous for 1954 Montgomery Bus Boycott 1963 March on Washington, gave the "I have a Dream" speech Worked on Civil Rights Act of 1964 with JFK Assassinated in Memphis, TN. in 1968 Sonny Purdue ----CORRECT ANSWER------------- 2 - term governor from 2002- 2010 1st Republican governor of Georgia since Reconstruction Georgia's Role in WWI ----CORRECT ANSWER-------------Many different training bases for soldiers about to go overseas were located in Georgia
