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Vocabulary Cheat Sheet
Term Definition Example Absolute Value Distance from zero – always positive Read – The absolute value of a # is #.
Acute (Angle) Angle less than 90˚ Addend Numbers being added together Addend + Addend = Sum 5 + 4 = 9 Adjacent (angles) Angles having common sides and common vertex (center point)
Algebraic A problem, table, equation that involves a variable 4m + 7 = 24
Analyze Look at data and interpret the results Angle The amount of turn between two straight lines. Meet at a vertex Approximation See Estimation^ See Estimation Arc Part of the circumference of a circle Area Covers (square units) For specific formulas: See Formula Cheat Sheet
Ascending Going up from smallest to largest Assess Evaluate or estimate if something may be true or false given conditions 5 + 3 = 8 ?? True Associative Property of Addition & Multiplication Grouping symbols can be moved without the answer changing (4 x 3) x 2 = 4 x (3 x 2) (4 + 3) + 2 = 4 + (3 + 2) Average See mean Bar Graph Graph using rectangular bars Box-and-Whisker Shows outliers and medians Divides data into 4 parts
Bivariate Two variable equation y = 4x + 3
Calculate Solve by applying the four operations Centi- Circumference Distance around a circle
Cube Root The number multiplied by itself 3 times that gives the perfect cube (See Perfect Cube) Cylinder A 3-dimensional (3-D) shape that has two congruent and parallel round faces Deca- Prefix for tens - 10 Decade – 10 years Decagone – 10 sided figure Deci - Prefix for Tenths - 0.1 (^) 0. Decimal Any number including whole numbers and numbers with a decimal point.^9 or^ 17. Denominator Bottom number in a fraction Descending Ordering from biggest to smallest Diameter Distance across a circle going through the center Difference Answer to a subtraction problem Minuend – Subtrahend = Difference 8 – 5 = 3 Dilation Polygon grows or shrinks but keeps exactly the same shape (Similar Figure – must have a scale factor)
Distribution (Data) Data and how often (frequency) it occurs Distributive Property The number on the outside of the parentheses is distributed (multiplied) to the numbers on the inside of the parentheses Dividend Number being divided Dividend ÷ Divisor = Quotient 24 ÷ 8 = 3 Divisor Number dividing Dividend ÷ Divisor = Quotient 24 ÷ 8 = 3 Equation Problem with an equal sign Equivalent Equal
Estimate (Estimation) Approximate answer (Around the same number) 3.4 ≈ 3
Evaluate Solve the problem!!!!!! Even Numbers ending in 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 Example: 2, 12, 14, 102 Event A single incident (occurrence) Exponent Shows how many times you multiply a number Expression Problem without an equal sign (^) 4 · 5
Hypotenuse The side of a right triangle that is opposite the right angle Identify property of Addition Adding zero to any number keeps the number the same
Identity Property of Multiplication Multiplying by 1 to any number keeps the number the same 1 x 10 = 10 Improper Fraction Fraction that has a larger number in the numerator than in the denominator Inequality Two values that are not equal (less than, greater than) Inference (Infer) Using data and information to come to a conclusion. You can infer that Coke is the favorite drink Infinite Goes on forever with no end. Not finite Integer All counting numbers, including zero and it’s opposites Example: -1, 0, -5, 7, 250 Interpret Describing the meaning behind the data. Of the 62 votes, 11 people like Pepsi. Intersect When lines, shapes, or data overlap or cross over each other. (Lines intersect or meet at 1 point.) Inverse Opposite operation Multiplication Divide Division Multiply Addition Subtract Subtraction Add
Irrational Number A decimal that cannot be written as a fraction – It goes on forever without repeating. (^) π ≈ 3.14159… Isosceles Triangle Triangle with two equal sides and two equal angles Kite Quadrilateral with two pairs of congruent sides adjacent to each other Least Common Multiple (Denominator) (LCM/LCD) Smallest number that is a multiple of two or more numbers Smallest Number that is a multiple of two or more denominators Less Than Smaller (^) < Linear Makes a line
y = mx + b
Lowest Terms See Simplify Mean Average (add all numbers together and divide by how many items there are in a set of data) Example: 5 + 5 + 8 + 12 4 Median Middle number in a set of data when the numbers are put in order from least to greatest. If there are two middle numbers must find the mean of the two numbers
Octagon 8 - sided figure Odd Numbers ending in 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 Operation Add, Subtract, Multiply, Divide + – x ÷ Opposite Same distance from zero but in the other direction Negative → Opposite = Positive Positve → Opposite = Negative Order of Operations The rules of which calculations come first in an expression or equation (The order we solve a problem) Please Guys Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally Ordered Pairs Two numbers written in parentheses showing the x and y coordinates Origin Where the x-axis and y-axis intersect Point = (0,0) Always start at the origin when plotting points Outlier Value that “lies” out side the other set of data **Either much larger or smaller than the rest of the data Parallel Lines that are always the same distance apart and never touch
Parallelogram Quadrilateral that have opposite sides parallel and equal in length. Opposite angles are also equal Pentagon Five-sided polygon Per = 1
Miles PER Hour
Percent Part out of 100 (^) /100 100% Percent Decrease The amount the price of an item went down from the original
- Determine the decreased amount $5 to $4 = $1 decrease
- Divide by the old value $1/$5 = 0.
- Convert to a percentage 0.2 x 100 = 20% decrease Percent Error The approximate error in data Percent Increase The amount the price of an item went up from the original
- Determine the increased amount $5 to $6 = $1 increase
- Divide by the old value $1/$5 = 0.
- Convert to a percentage 0.2 x 100 = 20% increase
Positive Numbers to the right of zero on the number line Predict Based on data make an estimation of something that might happen in the future or will be a consequence of the current data Prime A number that can be divided evenly by only one and itself Example: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17… Prism A solid figure that has two faces that are congruent (the same or equal) Probability The chance something will happen (the likelihood of an event taking place Product Answer to a multiplication problem Factor x Factor = Product 5 x 4 = 20 Proportion Two ratios set equal to each other Pyramid A solid object where: Base is a polygon Sides are triangles which meet at the top (Apex) Pythagorean Theorem Right Angle Triangle – The long side (hypotenuse) squared equals the sum of the squares of the other two sides
a
+ b
= c
Quadrilateral Four sided figure Qualitative Information (Data) that describes something Quantitative Information (Data) that can be counted or measured Quantity How much there is of something Quotient Answer to a division problem Dividend ÷ Divisor = Quotient 45 ÷ 9 = 5 Radius Distance from the center to the edge of a circle Random Sample A selection that is chosen randomly (by chance – no prediction) Range The difference between the lowest and highest value
Range = 24 – 5 = 19 Rate Ratio that compares two different quantities using different units Miles per hour $ per gallon Ratio A comparison of two quantities by division Written in 3 different ways
Miles : Hour
Miles to Hour
Miles / Hour
Right Prism A prism that has the bases that line up one on top of the other. (Lateral faces are rectangles) Prisms that can be stacked straight up on top of each other Rotation A circular movement Round
(0 – 4) Four or Less Let it rest
(5 – 9) 5 or More Raise the Score
45.23 45 Scale The ratio of the length of a model to the real thing Scale Drawing A drawing that shows a real object with accurate sizes but they have been reduced or enlarged using a scale Scale Factor The magic number that all of the side lengths of one figure are multiplied by to get all of the side lengths of new figure Scalene Triangle Triangle with all three sides having different lengths Scatter Plot A graph of plotted points that shows the relationship between two sets of data Positive Correlation : Up to the right Negative Correlation : Down to the right No Correlation : Random dots throughout
Sequence List of numbers or objects in special order Similar A shape is similar if: Same Shape Same Angles Same Side to Side Ratios
Scale Factor ~
Simplify Reduce a number to make as simple as possible. (No other number other than 1 can go into both numbers. Slope How steep a straight line is
y = m x + b
Solution Answer to a problem (^) 4 + 3 = 7 Sphere Circular 3-D shape – Like a ball Square 4 - sided polygon that has all four sides of equal length and equal 90˚ angles
Surface Area Total area of a three-dimensional object See cheat sheet for formulas Table Numbers or quantities arranged in rows and columns Tax Percentage of the cost of an item added to the total cost Terminating Decimal Decimal number that has digits that stop (^) 0. Transformation Moving a shape in a different position, but it will not change shape, size, area, angles or lengths. (See Rotation & Reflection) Translation Moving a shape, without rotating or flipping it (Sliding) Transversal A line that crosses at least two other lines Trapezoid Four sided figure with one pair of parallel sides
Tree Diagram A diagram to help you determine the probability of an event Multiply along branches Add along columns Unique Leading to only one result 4 + 5 = 9 Unit One – single item One Ounce Unit Rate Amount per item (One Item) Variable A letter that represents a number in an equation or expression
5 + x = 15
x is the variable
Variability How close or far apart a set of data is Vertical Runs up and down
