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Geology - Environmental Geology - Assignment, Exercises of Earth Sciences

Alagappa UniversityEarth Sciences

Following are the fundamental concepts discussed in this assignment : Geology, Intersection, Inclines, Deformation, Airplane, Map, Cross-Sectional, Lateral, Horizontal, Map

Typology: Exercises

2012/2013

Uploaded on 07/23/2013

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Assignment #8-10: Geology
1. The dip of a unit represents the ___________ .
A. direction of intersection of the rock layer an a horizontal surface
B. part of the unit which has been eroded
C. angle at which the bed inclines from the horizontal
D. tilt of the rock unit before deformation
2. If you are flying in an airplane and you look down at the landscape, you are seeing a
___________ view of the Earth.
A. map
B. cross-sectional
C. lateral
D. horizontal
3. If look at a vertical face of a cliff or a roadcut, you are seeing a ___________ view of
the Earth.
A. map
B. cross-sectional
C. lateral
D. horizontal
4. Which of the following types of tectonic forces tends to push two sides of a body in
opposite directions so that they slide horizontally past one another?
A. tensional forces
B. shearing forces
C. compressive forces
D. none of these
5. What type of forces dominate at divergent plate margins?
A. tensional forces
B. shearing forces
C. compressive forces
D. none of these
6. What type of forces dominate at convergent plate margins?
A. tensional forces
B. shearing forces
C. compressive forces
D. none of these
7. The angle at which a sedimentary bed is inclined from the horizontal is called the
_____.
A. anticline
B. strike
C. syncline
D. dip
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Assignment #8-10: Geology

  1. The dip of a unit represents the ___________. A. direction of intersection of the rock layer an a horizontal surface B. part of the unit which has been eroded C. angle at which the bed inclines from the horizontal D. tilt of the rock unit before deformation
  2. If you are flying in an airplane and you look down at the landscape, you are seeing a ___________ view of the Earth. A. map B. cross-sectional C. lateral D. horizontal
  3. If look at a vertical face of a cliff or a roadcut, you are seeing a ___________ view of the Earth. A. map B. cross-sectional C. lateral D. horizontal
  4. Which of the following types of tectonic forces tends to push two sides of a body in opposite directions so that they slide horizontally past one another? A. tensional forces B. shearing forces C. compressive forces D. none of these
  5. What type of forces dominate at divergent plate margins? A. tensional forces B. shearing forces C. compressive forces D. none of these
  6. What type of forces dominate at convergent plate margins? A. tensional forces B. shearing forces C. compressive forces D. none of these
  7. The angle at which a sedimentary bed is inclined from the horizontal is called the _____. A. anticline B. strike C. syncline D. dip
  1. Which of the following is not a tectonic force responsible for folding or faulting rocks A. compressive force B. tensional force C. shear force D. all of these are tectonic forces
  2. The two sides of a fold are called its ________. A. anticlines B. synclines C. limbs D. axial planes
  3. At convergent plate boundaries one would expect to find _______. A. folds B. faults C. folds and faults D. neither folds or faults
  4. At divergent plate boundaries one would expect to find _______. A. folds B. faults C. folds and faults D. neither folds or faults
  5. At transform plate boundaries one would expect to find _______. A. folds B. faults C. folds and faults D. neither folds or faults
  6. Which of the following statements about rock deformation is false? A. deep crustal rocks are more likely to deform ductily than shallow crustal rocks B. hotter rocks are more likely to deform ductily than cooler rocks C. most sedimentary rocks are more deformable than igneous rocks D. rocks under low confining pressure are more likely to deform ductily than rocks under high confining pressure
  7. What types of tectonic forces cause faulting? A. compressive forces B. tensional forces C. shearing forces D. all of these
  8. What types of faults are associated with shearing forces? A. normal faults B. reverse faults C. strike-slip D. all of these
  9. Which of the following conditions would favor folding rather than faulting? A. low temperatures and low confining pressures B. low temperatures and high confining pressures C. high temperatures and low confining pressures D. high temperatures and high confining pressures
  1. In which of the following locations would you most likely find cliffs made of limestone? A. the Pacific Northwest region of the U.S. B. the rain forests of Brazil C. eastern U.S. D. southwestern U.S.
  2. Calcite is dissolved by naturally acidic water. The natural acidity of surface water is primarily due to A. hydrochloric acid B. sulfuric acid C. nitric acid D. carbonic acid
  3. The mineral hematite is formed by what weathering process? A. freeze-thaw B. unloading C. hydrolysis of feldspar D. oxidation of mafic minerals
  4. Freeze-thaw is an example of A. physical weathering B. chemical weathering C. dissolution D. hydrolysis
  5. Which soil horizon forms from accumulation of material that was removed from surface materials by leaching? A. A horizon B. B horizon C. C horizon D. O horizon
  6. Which rock type is most resistant to weathering? A. limestone B. shale C. granite D. basalts
  7. Dark coloring in soils commonly results from the presence of A. iron oxides B. hematite C. calcite nodules D. organic matter
  8. A horizons are formed by A. deposition of material brought in from O horizons B. leaching and transport of materials away from this zone C. saturating the soil with water D. extensive weathering and chemical breakdown of rocks
  1. The driving force behind mass wasting is A. electrostatic B. gravity C. heat flow from earth's interior D. plate tectonics
  2. The main force that resists mass wasting is A. the strength of slope materials B. gravity C. slope D. compression
  3. How does water influence mass wasting? A. saturating a slope with water increases the strength of slope materials B. saturating a slope with water decreases the strength of slope materials C. saturating a slope with water increases the resisting forces D. saturating a slope with water increases cohesion
  4. In order to assess how large driving forces are on a particular hillslope, what must be measured? A. slope angle B. weight of slope material C. strength of slope materials D. all of the above E. A & B only
  5. Mass wasting characterized by a coherent block of material sliding along a curved surface is called A. landslide B. rockslide C. creep D. slump
  6. Which of the following increases the likelihood of mass wasting on a slope? A. good vegetative cover on slope B. high clay content in soils C. planes of weakness oriented parallel to slope D. small amount of moisture in slope materials
  7. The mass wasting process that is so slow it is usually recognized only by downslope tilting of fencepost, utility poles, bent tree trunks and similar features is called A. landslide B. rockslide C. creep D. slump
  8. Which of the following processes may trigger mass wasting? A. earthquakes B. heavy rains C. undercutting a slope D. all of the above
  1. Approximately what percentage of the liquid fresh water on Earth resides underground as groundwater? A. 8% B. 22% C. 54% D. 98%
  2. True or False: As its name implies, the water table is a flat-planar surface. A. True B. False
  3. Which statement regarding the water table is NOT true? A. The water table is a flat, level surface B. The water table separates the saturated and under saturated zones C. The water table can exist at Earth’s surface D. The water table elevation can fluctuate over time
  4. Which material is likely to be most permeable? A. Well sorted sandstone B. Well sorted sand C. Poorly sorted sand
  5. About how thick is the thickest part of the modern Antarctic ice sheet? A. Approximately 40 meters B. Approximately 400 meters C. Approximately 4 kilometers D. Approximately 40 kilometers
  6. Which kind of glaciers erode the land more? A. Warm-bottom glaciers B. Cold-bottom glaciers C. Nonsliding glaciers
  7. During ice ages, what happens to the 18O/16O ratio of seawater as evaporated water is stored on land as ice? A. The 18O/16O ratio increases B. The 18O/16O ratio decreases C. The 18O/16O ratio does not change
  8. About how long ago did the ice sheets reach their largest extent during the last glaciation? A. About 2,000,000 years ago B. About 120,000 years ago C. About 21,000 years ago D. About 6,000 years ago
  9. How did sea level at the peak of the last ice age (~21,000 years ago) compare to sea level today? A. About 20 meters lower than today B. About 20 meters higher than today C. About 100 meters lower than today D. About 100 meters higher than today
  1. True or False: Data from sea floor sediments suggest that the last 2.5 million years of Earth history was dominated by one extended ice-age glaciation. A. True B. False
  2. True or False: The amount of global temperature change directly caused by Milankovitch cycles is great enough to explain the difference in climate during the last ice age compared to today. A. True B. False