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Demographic Analysis of the Great Plains: Population and Economic Characteristics, Lecture notes of Geographic Data and Information

An analysis of the demographic and economic characteristics of the Great Plains region, including its geographic territory, population distribution, and economic types. data on the number and percentage of metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties, as well as their economic and policy types. It also discusses the different ways to define the Great Plains and provides references to relevant literature.

What you will learn

  • What percentage of counties in the Great Plains region are metropolitan?
  • What is the definition of the Great Plains region?
  • What are the most common economic types in non-metropolitan counties in the Great Plains region?

Typology: Lecture notes

2021/2022

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Demographic Chartbook: Profiling Change in the Great Plains2
Geographic Territory of the Great Plains
What is the Great Plains? The definition of the Great Plains is debated. Typically, it refers to the territory from Montana to Minnesota and down to New Mexico and
Texas. In this study, a 12-state area is used, including Colorado, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota,
Texas, and Wyoming. Combined, these states represent approximately 40% of all U.S. land area outside of Alaska and Hawaii. Rather than narrow the territory to select
counties within these 12 states (i.e., delineation typically used by the U.S. Department of Agriculture), all 1,009 counties are included, specifically for those Federal
policymakers who represent these states.
A more in-depth discussion of different ways to delineate the Great Plains can be found in:
Donald L. Bogue and Calvin L. Beale, Economic Areas of the United States, Free Press, 1961.
S.R. Johnson and Aziz Bouzaher (eds.), Conservation of Great Plains Ecosystems: Current Science, Future Options, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1995.
Highlights
Figure 1. The metropolitan counties tend to lie on the outside borders of the region.
Table 1. The Great Plains is sparsely populated. Only 14% (N=142) of the counties in the region are metropolitan. In contrast, 36% (N=358) are rural (i.e.,
lacking a city of at least 2,500 people). Nearly 23% of counties in Texas are classified as metropolitan, the highest proportion in the Great Plains
region. North Dakota and South Dakota have the highest concentration of rural counties with 72% and 68%, respectively.
Table 2-3. Nearly 39% of the counties in the region are “farm-dependent” (i.e, at least 20% of their total labor and proprietor income is derived from farming).
Approximately 14% of the counties in the region have persistent poverty (i.e., a poverty rate of at least 20% for the past four decades). These are
typically counties that include Native American reservations.
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Geographic Territory of the Great Plains

What is the Great Plains? The definition of the Great Plains is debated. Typically, it refers to the territory from Montana to Minnesota and down to New Mexico and

Texas. In this study, a 12-state area is used, including Colorado, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota,

Texas, and Wyoming. Combined, these states represent approximately 40% of all U.S. land area outside of Alaska and Hawaii. Rather than narrow the territory to select

counties within these 12 states (i.e., delineation typically used by the U.S. Department of Agriculture), all 1,009 counties are included, specifically for those Federal

policymakers who represent these states.

A more in-depth discussion of different ways to delineate the Great Plains can be found in:

Donald L. Bogue and Calvin L. Beale, Economic Areas of the United States , Free Press , 1961.

S.R. Johnson and Aziz Bouzaher (eds.), Conservation of Great Plains Ecosystems: Current Science, Future Options , Kluwer Academic Publishers , 1995.

Highlights

Figure 1. The metropolitan counties tend to lie on the outside borders of the region.

Table 1. The Great Plains is sparsely populated. Only 14% (N=142) of the counties in the region are metropolitan. In contrast, 36% (N=358) are rural (i.e.,

lacking a city of at least 2,500 people). Nearly 23% of counties in Texas are classified as metropolitan, the highest proportion in the Great Plains

region. North Dakota and South Dakota have the highest concentration of rural counties with 72% and 68%, respectively.

Table 2-3. Nearly 39% of the counties in the region are “farm-dependent” (i.e, at least 20% of their total labor and proprietor income is derived from farming).

Approximately 14% of the counties in the region have persistent poverty (i.e., a poverty rate of at least 20% for the past four decades). These are

typically counties that include Native American reservations.

Table 2. Distribution of Counties in the Great Plains by Economic Type: 1989

Note: Economic Type was determined using the 1989 Revised County Typology Codes provided by the United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research

Service. For purposes of this study, the Great Plains is defined as all counties in Colorado, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota,

Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming. Data reflect the actual number and percent of counties.

Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service

States in the Great Plains

County Economic Type

Total Counties

Farming Dependent Mining Dependent Manufacturing Dependent Government Dependent Services Dependent Non-specialized Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Colorado 63 17 27.0 6 9.5 0 0.0 6 9.5 20 31.7 4 6. Iowa 99 41 41.4 0 0.0 11 11.1 2 2.0 9 9.1 26 26. Kansas 105 44 41.9 1 1.0 7 6.7 5 4.8 14 13.3 25 23. Minnesota 87 29 33.3 0 0.0 10 11.5 6 6.9 7 8.0 17 19. Montana 56 21 37.5 7 12.5 1 1.8 7 12.5 14 25.0 4 7. Nebraska 93 70 75.3 0 0.0 4 4.3 0 0.0 7 7.5 6 6. New Mexico 33 7 21.2 4 12.1 1 3.0 10 30.3 3 9.1 2 6. North Dakota 53 28 52.8 3 5.7 1 1.9 2 3.8 11 20.8 4 7. Oklahoma 77 19 24.7 4 5.2 4 5.2 13 16.9 7 9.1 16 20. South Dakota 66 49 74.2 1 1.5 11 16.7 6 9.1 6 9.1 1 1. Texas 254 65 25.6 30 11.8 0 0.0 19 7.5 24 9.4 47 18. Wyoming 23 0 0.0 8 34.8 0 0.0 9 39.1 1 4.3 2 8. TOTAL 1,009 390 38.7 64 6.3 50 5.0 85 8.4 123 12.2 154 15.

1989 County Typology Codes : The U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service identifies 11 types of non-metropolitan counties according to their economic or policy type. This classification scheme reduces the wide range of economic and social diversity to a few important themes relevant to rural policy making. For more information, visit the following URL: http://www.ers.usda.gov/Briefing/Rurality/.

Economic Types: Farming-Dependent : Farming contributed a weighted annual average of 20 percent or more labor and proprietor income over the three years from 1987 to 1989. Mining-Dependent : Mining contributed a weighted annual average of 15 percent or more labor and proprietor income over the three years from 1987 to 1989. Manufacturing-Dependent : Manufacturing contributed a weighted annual average of 30 percent or more labor and proprietor income over the three years from 1987 to 1989. Government-Dependent : Government activities contributed a weighted annual average of 25 percent or more labor and proprietor income over the three years from 1987 to 1989. Services-Dependent : Service activities contributed a weighted annual average of 50 percent or more labor and proprietor income over the three years from 1987 to 1989. Non-specialized : Counties not classified as a specialized economic type over the three years from 1987 to 1989.

Table 3. Distribution of Counties in the Great Plains by Policy Type: 1989

Note: Policy Type was determined using the 1989 Revised County Typology Codes provided by the United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.

For purposes of this study, the Great Plains is defined as all counties in Colorado, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota,

Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming. Data reflect the actual number and percent of counties.

Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service

States in the Great Plains

County Policy Type

Total Counties

Retirement Destination Federal Lands Commuting Persistent Poverty Transfers Dependent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Colorado 63 10 15.9 33 52.4 6 9.5 7 11.1 10 15. Iowa 99 0 0.0 0 0.0 7 7.1 0 0.0 0 0. Kansas 105 0 0.0 0 0.0 9 8.6 0 0.0 2 1. Minnesota 87 1 1.1 2 2.3 4 4.6 2 2.3 10 11. Montana 56 3 5.4 23 41.1 1 1.8 3 5.4 4 7. Nebraska 93 0 0.0 0 0.0 3 3.2 2 2.2 1 1. New Mexico 33 4 12.1 12 36.4 3 9.1 13 39.4 7 21. North Dakota 53 0 0.0 1 1.9 0 0.0 7 13.2 7 13. Oklahoma 77 1 1.3 0 0.0 5 6.5 20 26.0 28 36. South Dakota 66 0 0.0 2 3.0 2 3.0 17 25.8 5 7. Texas 254 27 10.6 1 0.4 25 9.8 72 28.3 26 10. Wyoming 23 0 0.0 12 52.2 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0. TOTAL 1,009 46 4.6 86 8.5 65 6.4 143 14.2 100 9.

1989 County Typology Codes : The U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service identifies 11 types of non-metropolitan counties according to their economic or policy type. This classification scheme reduces the wide range of economic and social diversity to a few important themes relevant to rural policy making. For more information, visit the following URL: http://www.ers.usda.gov/Briefing/Rurality/.

Policy Types: Retirement Destination : The population ages 60 years and older in 1990 increased by 15 percent or more from 1980-90 through in-movement of people. Federal Lands : Federally-owned lands made up 30 percent or more of a county’s land area in the year 1987. Commuting : Workers ages 16 years and older commuting to jobs outside their county of residence were 40 percent or more of all the county’s workers in 1990. Persistent Poverty : Persons with poverty-level income in the preceding year were 20 percent or more of total population in each of four years, 1960, 1970, 1980, and 1990. Transfers Dependent : Income from transfer payments (Federal, state, and local) contributed a weighted annual average of 25 percent or more total personal income over the three years from 1987 to 1989.