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GEOG 350 Ch. 10 Concepts 53
Questions And Answers
0.5% - โ โ Anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide are increasing by about ______ each year.
25 to 1 - โ โ The Clean Air Act does add cost since removing pollutants costs more than not doing so. However, the economic benefits (reduced illness, less property damage, increased productivity, etc.) have been shown to outweigh the costs by a factor of ______.
air pollution - โ โ Current WHO estimates are that approximately 6.5 million people die prematurely every year due to
Air Pollution Control - โ โ The Clean Air Act of 1963 was the first national law in the United States for
Air quality can be improved and economic growth can continue - โ โ The past few decades of EPA regulations in the US have taught us that
Ambient air - โ โ As referenced in U.S. pollution regulations, the air around us is called
Brain and nervous system - โ โ A neurotoxin is a substance that primarily damages the
carbon monoxide - โ โ a colorless, odorless, highly toxic gas produced by the incomplete combustion of fuel.
coal - โ โ Changing from the use of ___ to another fuel, such as natural gas or nuclear power, can eliminate all sulfur emissions as well as reduce emissions of particulates and heavy metals.
combustion - โ โ A regulated criteria pollutant under the Clean Air Act, nitrogen oxides are reactive gases formed during ____; when the nitrogen in fuel or in the air is heated in the presence of oxygen.
conservation - โ โ Because most air pollution in the developed world is associated with transportation and energy production, the most effective air pollution strategy would be ____ such as reducing electricity consumption, insulating homes and offices, and developing better public transportation.
Creating a buildup of smoke and soot, dissolution, corroding steel, and causing flaking - โ โ Air pollution can damage buildings and infrastructure by ______.
criteria pollutants - โ โ The U.S. Clean Air Act was amended in 1970 to address six major pollutants
eastern - โ โ A gigantic "haze blob", as much as 3,000 km across, covers much of the ______ United States in the summer. If all human-made sources of air pollution were shut down, the air would clear in a few days and there would be 150 km of visibility everywhere.
False - โ โ True or false: Because ozone is valuable in the stratosphere as a shield from ultraviolet radiation, its occurrence at ground level is also positive.
Filtering air using a mesh of material and employing electrostatic precipitators - โ โ Particulate removal techniques
global industrialization resulted in a worldwide distribution of smokestacks and their pollutants - โ โ The catch phrase, "dilution is the solution to pollution," once characterized the main approach to air pollution. Smokestacks, for example, disperse pollutants over a larger area. However, this approach no longer works because ______.
ground level ozone - โ โ a three-atom molecule of oxygen, is formed when volatile organic compounds react with other pollutants in the presence of sunlight.
Hazardous air pollutants - โ โ are specially regulated in the Clean Air Act because of their adverse impact on human health, often at low doses; they include carcinogens, neurotoxins, mutagens, teratogens, and endocrine disruptors.
hazardous air pollutants - โ โ HAPs; toxins that are particularly dangerous
In a few days - โ โ How quickly would it take for air visibility to improve dramatically if all human- sources of pollution were shut down?
Indoor air quality is often much worse than outdoor air quality. - โ โ Identify the statement below that best describes the comparison between indoor and outdoor air quality.
Large cities of newly industrialized countries - โ โ Of the estimated 3.1 million people who die prematurely because of outdoor air pollution, most are located in ______.
Lead - โ โ Gasoline with ____, which was banned and phased out in the 1980s in the United States, was formerly the main source of this pollutant.
lead - โ โ Since it was banned in gasoline in the United States, children's average blood levels of ____ have dropped by 90%.
led to an overall improvement in air quality - โ โ Despite high population growth and economic growth for the past 40 years in the United States, EPA regulations have
limestone and marble - โ โ atmospheric acids can dissolve
National Ambient Air Quality Standards - โ โ NAAQS acronym; based on health and environmental criteria
sulfur dioxide, sulfate, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen oxides - โ โ Rain, and other types of precipitation, are made acidic by industrial emissions of ______.
Sulfuric - โ โ ____ acid forms when water interacts with sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere, and is the major component of acid rain.
the EPA's responsibility to limit these gases on the grounds of public health and welfare within the meaning of the Clean Air Act - โ โ Regarding the regulation of greenhouse gases, in 2007 the U.S. Supreme Court ruled it was
They are increasing. - โ โ What is the current trend of carbon dioxide emissions by humans?
thousands - โ โ Wind can carry air pollutants up to ______ of miles away from the original source of the pollution, as exemplified by Chinese particulates being traced to Seattle, Washington.
to restore stratospheric ozone - โ โ goal of Montreal Protocol
Transportation and power plants - โ โ Dominant sources of criteria pollutants are
True - โ โ True or false: It is not uncommon for particulate pollution to be blown across the Pacific Ocean from China to the U.S. West Coast.
True - โ โ True or false: Living in an area of heavy air pollution can significantly reduce your life expectancy.
urban heat island - โ โ Higher temperatures are often found in cities than in the surrounding countrysides. The low albedo of concrete and brick, and the lack of water for evaporation, both add to the ______.
