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Neoliberalism in Toronto: A Critical Analysis of Urban Development and Social Policies, Exams of Geography

University of Nevada - Reno (UNR)Geography

A comprehensive analysis of neoliberalism in toronto, focusing on its impact on urban development and social policies. It examines key figures, policies, and events that have shaped the city's neoliberal trajectory, including the rise of workfare, the amalgamation of toronto, and the sidewalk toronto project. The document also explores the relationship between urban form and political attitudes, highlighting the divide between suburban and inner-city residents regarding public services. It concludes with a discussion of new urbanism and its potential to address the challenges of suburban sprawl and income polarization.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 02/14/2025

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GEO 793 FINAL EXAM | ALL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS | GRADED A+ | VERIFIED
ANSWERS | LATEST EXAM 2025
1. Who were two key figures associated with the rise of neoliberalism
during the 1980s?
a) Mike Harris and Mel Lastman
b) Pierre Trudeau and Bill Davis
c) Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher
d) Dalton McGuinty and Rob Ford ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------
-Answer: c) Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher
2. Which provincial policy implemented since 1995 is associated with
Ontario's neoliberal agenda?
a) Increase in social service positions
b) Introduction of workfare
c) Expansion of public housing
d) Strengthening environmental regulations ---------CORRECT ANSWER----
-------------Answer: b) Introduction of workfare
3. What was a major outcome of the 1998 policy in Toronto under a
neoliberal framework?
a) Expansion of public transit
b) Creation of new social welfare programs
c) Amalgamation of Toronto
d) Strengthening of union power ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------
Answer: c) Amalgamation of Toronto
4. What was a focus of Mel Lastman's neoliberal agenda in Toronto?
a) Increasing welfare support
b) Law-and-order and tax-cut policies
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Download Neoliberalism in Toronto: A Critical Analysis of Urban Development and Social Policies and more Exams Geography in PDF only on Docsity!

GEO 793 FINAL EXAM | ALL QUESTIONS AND

CORRECT ANSWERS | GRADED A+ | VERIFIED

ANSWERS | LATEST EXAM 2025

  1. Who were two key figures associated with the rise of neoliberalism during the 1980s? a) Mike Harris and Mel Lastman b) Pierre Trudeau and Bill Davis c) Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher d) Dalton McGuinty and Rob Ford ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------
  • Answer: c) Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher
  1. Which provincial policy implemented since 1995 is associated with Ontario's neoliberal agenda? a) Increase in social service positions b) Introduction of workfare c) Expansion of public housing d) Strengthening environmental regulations ---------CORRECT ANSWER---- -------------Answer: b) Introduction of workfare
  2. What was a major outcome of the 1998 policy in Toronto under a neoliberal framework? a) Expansion of public transit b) Creation of new social welfare programs c) Amalgamation of Toronto d) Strengthening of union power ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Answer: c) Amalgamation of Toronto
  3. What was a focus of Mel Lastman's neoliberal agenda in Toronto? a) Increasing welfare support b) Law-and-order and tax-cut policies

c) Enhancing environmental protections d) Expanding public healthcare ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Answer: b) Law-and-order and tax-cut policies

  1. What legislative act targeted marginalized populations under Ontario's neoliberal policies? a) The Planning and Development Act b) The Safe Street Act c) The Social Services Reform Act d) The Education Amendment Act ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------
  • Answer: b) The Safe Street Act
  1. What issue was central to the divide between suburban and inner-city voters in the 2003 Toronto municipal election? a) Environmental regulations b) Welfare reform c) Privatization of public services d) Expansion of public transportation ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------ -----Answer: c) Privatization of public services
  2. According to R.A. Walks' study, which group typically supported an exchange value understanding of public services? a) Lower-income inner-city residents b) Wealthy residents in the suburbs c) Middle-class downtown residents d) Immigrant communities ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Answer:b) Wealthy residents in the suburbs
  3. What factor does the study suggest influences residents' political and social values? a) Climate change policies b) Urban form and daily experiences

d) Urban planning ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Answer: c) Social inclusion

  1. What was a major criticism of the Sidewalk Toronto project? a) Lack of public support for waterfront redevelopment b) High cost of construction c) Reliance on extreme surveillance and reduced democracy d) Failure to meet environmental standards ---------CORRECT ANSWER---- -------------Answer: c) Reliance on extreme surveillance and reduced democracy
  2. What was one reason the Sidewalk Toronto project ultimately failed? a) Lack of financial backing from the government b) Unified support from local organizations c) Fragmentation of the neoliberal block and public opposition d) Technological failures during testing ---------CORRECT ANSWER---------- -------Answer: c) Fragmentation of the neoliberal block and public opposition
  3. What type of neoliberalism involves direct state assistance to corporations and the repression of opposing movements? a) Roll-back neoliberalism b) Roll-out neoliberalism c) Urban neoliberalism d) Corporate neoliberalism ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Answer: b) Roll-out neoliberalism
    1. What year marked the beginning of suburban sprawl in Toronto? a) 1945 b) 1950 c) 1953 d) 1960 ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Answer: c) 1953
  1. What report highlighted the rural nature of Toronto's outskirts in 1950? a) The Greenbelt Plan b) The Don Valley Conservation Report c) The Suburban Expansion Plan d) The Toronto Urban Development Report ---------CORRECT ANSWER---- -------------Answer: b) The Don Valley Conservation Report
  2. What major issue does the Greenbelt initiative aim to address in Ontario? a) Enhancing public transportation b) Controlling suburban sprawl c) Increasing urban density d) Expanding housing developments ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------- ----Answer: b) Controlling suburban sprawl
  3. According to Sewell, what was a key problem with the Don Valley Conservation Report? a) Lack of public awareness b) No mechanism for implementation c) High implementation costs d) Disagreement among policymakers ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------- ------Answer: b) No mechanism for implementation
  4. What challenge is associated with suburban growth in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA)? a) Increasing rural population b) Lack of technological development c) Unsustainable sprawl d) Insufficient commercial growth ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Answer: c) Unsustainable sprawl
  1. What is a consequence of the revitalization of disinvested spaces in Mount Dennis and similar neighborhoods? a) Expansion of affordable housing b) Reduced environmental impact c) Marginalization of low-income and racialized groups d) Increased public transportation access ---------CORRECT ANSWER------ -----------Answer: c) Marginalization of low-income and racialized groups
    1. Which of the following is NOT a tenet of New Urbanism? a) Walkability b) Mixed-use development c) Car-dependent neighborhoods d) Increased density ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Answer: c) Car-dependent neighborhoods 27.What was Cornell, Markham originally planned as in 1988? a) An industrial park b) A New Urbanist community c) A conventional suburban neighborhood d) An affordable housing project ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Answer: d) An affordable housing project 28.3. Why did Montgomery Village in Orangeville shift away from a New Urbanist design? a) Lack of funding b) Environmental concerns c) Residents' resistance to change d) Political regulations ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Answer: c) Residents' resistance to change
  3. In which Toronto neighborhood did New Urbanism succeed due to community and political acceptance?a) North York

b) The Beach c) Scarborough d) Yorkville ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Answer: b) The Beach

  1. Where does New Urbanism tend to work better, according to the presentation? a) Greenfield sites b) Rural areas c) Brownfield sites d) Industrial zones ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Answer: c) Brownfield sites
  2. What type of infrastructure primarily supports goods transportation in the Toronto region today? a) Railways b) Highways c) Subways d) Airports ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Answer: b) Highways
  3. Who governs Toronto Pearson International Airport? a) City of Toronto b) Government of Canada c) Greater Toronto Airport Authority (GTAA) d) Metrolinx ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Answer: c) Greater Toronto Airport Authority (GTAA)
  4. What is a significant consequence of extensive automobile use in the GTA? a) Decreased car ownership b) Gridlock and air pollution c) Improved public transit

d) King West Village ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Answer: c) Little Italy

  1. What is an example of quotidian place-making in Italian-Canadian neighborhoods? a) The Good Friday religious procession b) The evening ritual walk (passeggiata) c) The Columbus Centre monument d) The CHIN International Picnic ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Answer: b) The evening ritual walk (passeggiata)
  2. What does the calendrical mode of place-making involve? a) Everyday interactions in neighborhoods b) The construction of permanent monuments c) Ritual events marking Italian ethnic presence d) Establishing Italian businesses ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Answer: c) Ritual events marking Italian ethnic presence
  3. How have Toronto's Little Italies been commercialized over time? a) Through government investment in infrastructure b) By promoting authentic Italian cultural experiences c) By reducing Italianness to stereotypes for consumption d) Through large-scale immigration programs ---------CORRECT ANSWER- ----------------Answer: c) By reducing Italianness to stereotypes for consumption
  4. What concept describes immigrants maintaining connections with their home country while integrating into a new society? a) Assimilation b) Transnationalism c) Segregation

d) Multiculturalism ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Answer: b) Transnationalism

  1. Which community is highlighted in the presentation for their settlement patterns in Toronto? a) Italian community b) Jamaican community c) Ghanaian community d) Chinese community ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Answer: c) Ghanaian community
  2. What is a Progressive Housing Career in the context of immigrant communities? a) Moving from renting to home ownership b) Living in government-assisted housing c) Buying homes in urban centers d) Moving to smaller, rural communities ---------CORRECT ANSWER--------- --------Answer: a) Moving from renting to home ownership
  3. Which factor influences new immigrants' settlement patterns in Toronto? a) Language barriers b) Public transportation availability c) Affordable housing options d) All of the above ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Answer: d) All of the above 45.What is one implication for social policy mentioned in the presentation? a) Expanding public transit routes b) Supporting home ownership for immigrants c) Increasing business investments

d) Declining housing quality ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Answer: b) Disparity between positive diversity narratives and experiences of racism

  1. What is one problem with diversity discourse identified in the study? a) Lack of recognition for immigrant contributions b) Essentializing diversity through stereotyping c) Overfunding of immigrant services d) Absence of multicultural events ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------
  • Answer: b) Essentializing diversity through stereotyping
  1. How many residents participated in the survey conducted by Griffin and Guttentag? a) 1, b) 2, c) 3, d) 1,200 ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Answer: b) 2,
  2. What percentage of survey participants were immigrants? a) 25.5% b) 50% c) 37.4% d) 60.2% ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Answer: c) 37.4%
  3. What group is more likely to engage in tourist activities with their guests? a) Canadian-born residents b) Long-term immigrants c) Recent immigrants d) Non-immigrant hosts ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Answer: c) Recent immigrants
  1. What factor influences the diversity among immigrant hosts? a) Language proficiency b) Immigrant status and financial status c) Neighborhood location d) Cultural background ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Answer: b) Immigrant status and financial status
  2. What is a probable reason why immigrants participate more in leisure activities as hosts? a) To learn new languages b) To facilitate integration c) To support local businesses d) To avoid isolation ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Answer: b) To facilitate integration
  3. What major event in 1969 marked the emergence of an above-ground gay community in Canada? a) Bathhouse raids b) Stonewall Riots c) The first Pride Parade d) Creation of the Pride Committee ---------CORRECT ANSWER--------------- --Answer: b) Stonewall Riots 57.What phase characterized the mid-1970s in the evolution of Toronto's gay community? a) Assimilationist phase b) Liberationist phase c) Minority Rights phase d) Commodification phase ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Answer: b) Liberationist phase

b) Intersectionality approach c) Urban planning approach d) Environmental justice approach ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------

  • Answer: b) Intersectionality approach
  1. What does the typology of homelessness prevention aim to categorize? a) Types of shelters available b) Strategies to prevent different forms of homelessness c) Reasons for homelessness d) Types of homeless individuals ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Answer: b) Strategies to prevent different forms of homelessness
  2. Which of the following is a focus of preventing homelessness rather than predicting it? a) Creating forecasts of housing needs b) Identifying at-risk populations c) Implementing support services to avoid homelessness d) Conducting demographic studies ---------CORRECT ANSWER-------------- ---Answer: c) Implementing support services to avoid homelessness
  3. Who is Cathy Crowe, mentioned in the presentation? a) A Toronto city councilor b) A researcher on homelessness c) A street nurse and homelessness advocate d) A government housing official ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Answer: c) A street nurse and homelessness advocate
  4. In 2006, what percentage of York Region's population consisted of immigrants? a) 25% b) 50% c) 43%

d) 60% ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Answer: c) 43%

  1. What type of housing is abundant in York Region? a) Affordable social housing b) Single-family detached housing c) High-density apartment buildings d) Rental units ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Answer: b) Single- family detached housing
  2. What is a key issue facing immigrants in York Region related to housing? a) Overabundance of social services b) Shortage of rental and affordable housing c) Excessive public transportation options d) High availability of language training programs ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Answer: b) Shortage of rental and affordable housing
  3. Which social services are notably scarce in York Region? a) Public healthcare services b) Housing counseling and financial assistance programs c) Public libraries d) Recreational programs ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- Answer: b) Housing counseling and financial assistance programs
  4. What contributes to the housing challenges faced by immigrants in York Region? a) High crime rates b) Rising housing costs and income inequality c) Excessive urban density d) Decline in suburban development ---------CORRECT ANSWER------------- ----Answer: b) Rising housing costs and income inequality

d) How can we enforce more regulations on disability rights? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Answer: b) Is the accommodation of persons with disabilities a priority?

  1. What does 'State of exception' refer to in the context of disability rights and COVID-19? a) Temporary policies that protect vulnerable populations b) Situations where normal legal protections are suspended c) Permanent changes in healthcare regulations d) The inclusion of disabled persons in policy-making ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Answer: b) Situations where normal legal protections are suspended Gentrification ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Buying property for cheap, renovating it and selling it for a higher price Financialization of housing ---------CORRECT ANSWER----------------- housing is treated as a commodity, means of accumulating wealth-- a vehicle for wealth and investment—rather than a social good. what percentage of toronto has rental housing? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------almost half -- 46% what time period did public housing decline and why? ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------1990s because we were in an economic recession and federal and provincial government had no money to afford this housing

when was tenant protection act introduced? ---------CORRECT ANSWER--- -------------- 1997 which piece of law established vacancy control ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------tenant protection act Vacancy Control ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------If you're property is rented, as a landlord you can't increase the rent -- and if you do, it cannot be more than 2.5% Vacancy Decontrol ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------if your apartment is vacant at the moment, you could put whatever price you want for the rent (very good for landlords but not good for tenants) Financialization of rentalhousing started as a way to capitalize on: --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------deregulation, downloading and lack of affordable housing REITs ---------CORRECT ANSWER-----------------Real Estate Investment Trusts -- BUNCH OF SHAREHOLDERS WHO MAKE SHARE OF PROFIT FROM THESE RENATL UNITS Financialized landlords: how do they cut costs and save money? --------- CORRECT ANSWER-----------------provide less ammenities like cleaning the building only once every 2 weeks