Docsity
Log inSign up
Docsity
Prepare for your exams
Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity

Earn points to download
Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan

Guidelines and tips
Guidelines and tips
Sell on Docsity
Sell on Docsity
Log inSign up

Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity

Find documents

Prepare for your exams with the study notes shared by other students like you on Docsity

Search Store documents

The best documents sold by students who completed their studies

Search through all study resources
Docsity AINEW

Summarize your documents, ask them questions, convert them into quizzes and concept maps

Explore questions

Clear up your doubts by reading the answers to questions asked by your fellow students

Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan

Share documents
download point icon20 Points

For each uploaded document

Answer questions
download point icon5 Points

For each given answer (max 1 per day)

All the ways to get free points
Get points immediately

Choose a premium plan with all the points you need

Study Opportunities

Choose your next study program

Get in touch with the best universities in the world. Search through thousands of universities and official partners

Community

Ask the community

Ask the community for help and clear up your study doubts

University Rankings

Discover the best universities in your country according to Docsity users

Free resources

Our save-the-student-ebooks!

Download our free guides on studying techniques, anxiety management strategies, and thesis advice from Docsity tutors

From our blog

Exams and Study
Go to the blog

Genetics mutations, Slides of Genetics

Emory & Henry College (E&H)Genetics

Mutations - Mutations

Typology: Slides

2015/2016

Uploaded on 01/09/2016

gargyros
gargyros 🇺🇸

3 documents

1 / 39

Toggle sidebar

This page cannot be seen from the preview

Don't miss anything!

bg1
1
BIOL 117-General Biology
Genetics and Genes
Genetics – the study of heredity
The science of genetics explores:
1. Transmission of biological traits from
parent to offspring
2. Expression and variation of those traits
3. Structure and function of genetic
material
4. How this material changes
pf3
pf4
pf5
pf8
pf9
pfa
pfd
pfe
pff
pf12
pf13
pf14
pf15
pf16
pf17
pf18
pf19
pf1a
pf1b
pf1c
pf1d
pf1e
pf1f
pf20
pf21
pf22
pf23
pf24
pf25
pf26
pf27

Partial preview of the text

Download Genetics mutations and more Slides Genetics in PDF only on Docsity!

BIOL 117-General Biology

Genetics and Genes

Genetics – the study of heredity

The science of genetics explores:

1. Transmission of biological traits from

parent to offspring

2. Expression and variation of those traits

3. Structure and function of genetic

material

4. How this material changes

Levels of Structure and Function of the Genome

  • (^) Genome – sum total of genetic material of a cell (chromosomes + mitochondria/chloroplasts and/or plasmids) - (^) Genome of cells – DNA - (^) Genome of viruses – DNA or RNA
  • (^) DNA complexed with protein constitutes the genetic material as chromosomes
  • (^) Bacterial chromosomes are a single circular loop
  • (^) Eukaryotic chromosomes are multiple and linear

Figure 9.3 E. coli cell has spewed out

its DNA

  • (^) All types of genes constitute the

genetic makeup – genotype

  • (^) The expression of the genotype

creates observable traits –

phenotype

DNA Replication

  • (^) Making an exact duplicate of the DNA involves 30 different enzymes
  • (^) Begins at an origin of replication
    • (^) Leading strand – synthesized continuously in 5′ to 3′ direction
    • (^) Lagging strand – synthesized 5′ to 3′ in short segments; overall direction is 3′ to 5′

DNA replication is semiconservative because each chromosome ends up with one new strand of DNA and one old strand.

REPLICATION ENZYMES

**1. GYRASE

  1. HELICASE
  2. RNA PRIMASE
  3. DNA POLYMERASE
  4. RNA EXONUCLEASE
  5. DNA POLYMERASE
  6. DNA LIGASE**

Flow of Genetic Information Figure 8.

REPLICATION ENZYMES

**1. GYRASE

  1. HELICASE
  2. RNA PRIMASE
  3. DNA POLYMERASE
  4. RNA EXONUCLEASE
  5. DNA POLYMERASE
  6. DNA LIGASE**

9.2 Applications of the DNA code

  • (^) Information stored on the DNA

molecule is conveyed to RNA

molecules through the process of

transcription

  • (^) The information contained in the RNA

molecule is then used to produce

proteins in the process of

translation

Gene-Protein Connection

  1. Each triplet of nucleotides on the RNA specifies a particular amino acid
  2. A protein’s primary structure determines its shape and function
  3. Proteins determine phenotype. Living things are what their proteins make them.
  4. DNA is mainly a blueprint that tells the cell which kinds of proteins to make and how to make them

RNAs

  • (^) Single-stranded molecule made of

nucleotides

  • (^) 5 carbon sugar is ribose
  • (^) 4 nitrogen bases – adenine, uracil , guanine, cytosine
  • (^) Phosphate