Role of Meiosis & Chromosomes in Inheritance: Understanding Sexual Reproduction & Heredity, Slides of Biology

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GENETICS

What Is Heredity?

• We are all aware that many of our characteristics (traits) are inherited from our parents. Eye colour, height, body shape, jaw lines are examples of traits that we get by inheriting ‘factors’ from our parents.

• Humans and many other organisms survive because of sexual reproduction - the fusion of sets of genetic information.
• Sexual repro. leads to a diversity in the population

• Sex cells are produced by MEIOSIS is a process that plays an important role in sexual reproduction

Meiosis occurs in 4 phases: Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase When not in Meiosis a cell is in Interphase undergoing normal cell functions.

CELL LIFE CYCLE

• This newly formed chromatid is connected to its sister chromatid by a centromere (all now called a chromosome).
• The two homologous (identical) chromatid pairs line up in a process called synapsis. Docsity.com

• Synapsis: Each pair of homologous chromosomes align lengthwise with each other
• genetic material can be exchanged at this point between homologous chromosomes in a process known as crossing over. Docsity.com

Anaphase 1

• Chromosomes are pulled to the opposite poles of the cell. One chromosome of each pair will go to opposite poles.

Telophase 1

• The cytoplasm divides (cytokinesis), forming two distinct cells.
• A nuclear membrane reforms around the chromosomes.

• 4 daughter cells are produced.
• In anaphase, the centromere breaks releasing individual sister chromatids to each pole

Prophase II

As the nucleus disappears the chromatin begins to coil and become visible.

The chromosome pairs line up along the equatorial plate.

Metaphase II