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Genetics and Genetic Engineering Summary: Key Concepts and Definitions, Exams of Nursing

Cambridge CollegeNursing

A concise summary of key concepts in genetics and genetic engineering. It covers topics such as mendelian genetics, including definitions of phenotype, genotype, alleles, and crosses. Additionally, it delves into genetic engineering techniques like recombinant dna, transgenic organisms, and crispr-cas9. Mutations, including lethal, beneficial, and harmless types, are also discussed, along with their impact on organisms. This summary is useful for students studying genetics, molecular biology, or biotechnology, offering a quick reference to essential terms and processes. It also touches on the ethical considerations surrounding gmos and gene therapy, making it relevant for broader discussions on the societal impact of genetic technologies. The document serves as a foundational resource for understanding the principles and applications of genetics and genetic engineering.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 06/10/2025

muriuki-meshack
muriuki-meshack 🇺🇸

507 documents

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GENETICS AND GENETIC ENGINEERING SAMMARY
PAGE ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS GUARANTEED SUCCESS
P1
parental generation
F1
first filial generation
F2
second filial generation
Phenotype
Appearance of an organism due to its genotype
Genotype
The genetic factors present in an organism due to the genome
Recombinant DNA
DNA that is formed by combining the DNA from 2 or more different sources
(bacteria and viruses)
Transgenic
The practice of transplanting genes from 1 species to another (genetic hybrids)
Gametes
Sex cells (sperm & ova or pollen & ova)
Allele
Different forms of the same gene
pf3
pf4

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GENETICS AND GENETIC ENGINEERING SAMMARY

PAGE ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT

ANSWERS GUARANTEED SUCCESS

P

parental generation F first filial generation F second filial generation Phenotype Appearance of an organism due to its genotype Genotype The genetic factors present in an organism due to the genome Recombinant DNA DNA that is formed by combining the DNA from 2 or more different sources (bacteria and viruses) Transgenic The practice of transplanting genes from 1 species to another (genetic hybrids) Gametes Sex cells (sperm & ova or pollen & ova) Allele Different forms of the same gene

Alleles represented by Letters (dominant = capital; recessive = small) Locus A particular position in which a gene is found on a chromosome Dominant allele If contained, will be expressed in the phenotype Recessive allele Not expressed in the phenotype unless it is homozygous (hidden by the dominant) Why are recessive alleles hidden? They cannot produce the needed proteins for it to be expressed in the phenotype (unless homozygous) Homozygous Alles for a particular characteristic are the same (pure breeding) Heterozygous The 2 alleles are different (one dominant and one recessive) Gonosomes Chromosomes carrying sexual characteristics (X and Y) Autosomes Chromosomes that carry all the other characteristics of the organism (1-22) GMO's A fraction of a DNA molecule is transferred from the cell of 1 organism to the cell of another to obtain a desired characteristic Microevolution Change in alleles of a species — successful will survive and reproduce (small change in smaller amount of time) Gene

Bacterial plasmids enzymes

  • restriction enzyme = opening up plasmid
  • ligase enzyme = binds human gene with bacterial plasmid Gene therapy Uses DNA as drug and virus as vector CRISPR CAS 9 Gene editing tool to modify genes (snip it out) Polygenic Result of 2 or more genes and often environment may have an influence (multifactorial) Variation caused by:
  • sexual reproduction (unique combinations of genes)
  • segregation (random line up at equator in metaphase)
  • crossing over (during prophase 1) Mutations
  • lethal
  • beneficial
  • harmless / neutral