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General Psychology - Exam 1 with Answer Key | PSYCH 1000, Exams of Psychology

University of Missouri (MU) - ColumbiaPsychology
Prof. Dennis Miller

Material Type: Exam; Professor: Miller; Class: General Psychology; Subject: Psychology; University: University of Missouri - Columbia; Term: Spring 2013;

Typology: Exams

2012/2013
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GeneralPsychology/Spring2013/Exam#1/BlueForm/Page1
OntheScantronwriteyourname(last‐namefirst)andstudentnumberandfill‐inthecorrespondingcirclescompletely.If
youdonotfollowtheseinstructions,yourexammaynotbegraded.Answereachquestionandfill‐inthecorresponding
circleontheScantron.Eachquestionisworthonepoint
1.Whyiscriticalthinkingimportantinevaluatingpsychologicalresearch?(1/25/13lecture,pp.4‐6)
1.researchersdeliberatelylieabouttheirfindings
2.theremightbesignificantlimitationstothefindings
3.biologyisthemostimportantfactorinbehavior,andknowingalltheelementsofthebiologicalcausesforbehavioris
impossible
4.thereisonlyoneclearexplanationandtheresearchersmaynothavefoundit
2.Whichisthebestnurtureexplanation(inthenature/nurtureproblem)toexplainwhyJadeaearnedagoodgradeon
hercollegeexam?(1/25/13lecture,pp.7‐8,Ch.1hwkQ#2)
1.Shehasmanysynapticconnectionsinherprefrontalcortexandhippocampus.
2.Whenshewasagirl,herparentsreinforcedstudyingandpunished“goofingoff”.
3.Jadea’smother,fatherandallfourofhergrandparentshavegenius‐levelintelligence.
3.Whichquotewouldmostlikelyreflectthecommentsofacognitivepsychologistabouthisresearch?(Ch.1hwkQ#6,
pp.15‐16,1/28/13lecture)
1.“Istudyhowthebrainisaffectedbyeverydayexperiences.”
2.“Myresearchlooksathowromanticrelationshipsareaffectedbysocialmedia”
3.“Iwanttoknowhowpeoplesolvecomplexproblemsinemergencysituations.”
4.“I’minterestedinwhethershynessisinherited.”
4.Whichbestdescribesbehaviorism?(1/28/13lecture,pp.14‐15,Ch.1hwkQ#3)
1.anattempttobringthecontentsoftheunconsciousintoconsciousawarenesssothatconflictscanberevealed
2.thescientificapplicationofpsychologicalprinciplestochangesociety,cultureandgovernment
3.thestudyoftheneuralmechanismsthatunderliethought,learningandmemory
4.anapproachthatemphasizestheroleofenvironmentalforcesinproducingbehavior
5.anapproachthatemphasizestheroleofinternalthoughts,withinthemind,inproducingbehavior
5.HowwouldJohnB.Watsonexplainwhyyoursisteris(stereotypically)“feminine”inherbehaviors(e.g.,shealways
wearspinkdressesandpreferstowatchCinderellaoverCars)?(1/28/13lecture,pp.14‐15)
1.Displayingfemininebehaviorsincreasesherdopaminelevels,whichincreasesthenumberofmenshemeets.
2.Displayingfemininebehaviorsincreasesthenumberofmenshemeets,whichincreasesherdopaminelevels.
3.Unconsciousmentalprocessesregardingsexareinconflict,whichproducestheseveryfemininebehaviorsand
thoughtsinherconsciousmind.
4.Asagirl,hermotherspokeharshlytoherwhensheplayedwith“boys’toys”(e.g.,trucksandtoyguns).
5.both1and2arecorrect

6.WhichbestdescribesJohnB.Watson’sLittleAlbertexperiment?(1/28/12lecture)
1.Superiorparentingbehaviors(e.g.,reinforcement)ledaboyborntoaverypoorfamilytobecomeaveryrichman.
2.Inferiorparentingbehaviors(e.g.,punishment)ledaboyborntoawealthyfamilytobecomeaverypoorman.
3.Classicalmusic(e.g.,Mozart)increasedthedensityofcorticalneuronsandaxonpotentialfrequency.
4.Achildwasconditionedtoshowfear(e.g.,cry)whenshownavarietyoffuzzy,whiteitems(e.g.,abunnyrabbit).
5.both1and2arecorrect
7.Whenresearcherscollectenoughdatatodevelopageneralexplanationofwhypeoplebehaveastheydo,the
researchersarecreatinga(n)___.(1/30/13lecture,Ch.2hwkQ#1&2,pp.31‐33)
1.theory 2.experiment 3.hypothesis 4.generalization
pf3
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pf9
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pfd
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Download General Psychology - Exam 1 with Answer Key | PSYCH 1000 and more Exams Psychology in PDF only on Docsity!

General Psychology / Spring 2013 / Exam #1 / Blue Form / Page 1 On the Scantron write your name (last‐name first) and student number and fill‐in the corresponding circles completely. If you do not follow these instructions, your exam may not be graded. Answer each question and fill‐in the corresponding circle on the Scantron. Each question is worth one point

  1. Why is critical thinking important in evaluating psychological research? (1/25/13 lecture, pp. 4 ‐6)
  2. researchers deliberately lie about their findings
  3. there might be significant limitations to the findings
  4. biology is the most important factor in behavior, and knowing all the elements of the biological causes for behavior is impossible
  5. there is only one clear explanation and the researchers may not have found it
  6. Which is the best nurture explanation (in the nature/nurture problem) to explain why Jadea earned a good grade on her college exam? (1/25/13 lecture, pp. 7 ‐8, Ch. 1 hwk Q#2)
  7. She has many synaptic connections in her prefrontal cortex and hippocampus.
  8. When she was a girl, her parents reinforced studying and punished “goofing off”.
  9. Jadea’s mother, father and all four of her grandparents have genius‐level intelligence.
  10. Which quote would most likely reflect the comments of a cognitive psychologist about his research? (Ch. 1 hwk Q#6, pp. 15 ‐16, 1/28/13 lecture)
  11. “I study how the brain is affected by everyday experiences.”
  12. “My research looks at how romantic relationships are affected by social media”
  13. “I want to know how people solve complex problems in emergency situations.”
  14. “I’m interested in whether shyness is inherited.”
  15. Which best describes behaviorism? (1/28/13 lecture, pp. 14 ‐15, Ch. 1 hwk Q#3)
  16. an attempt to bring the contents of the unconscious into conscious awareness so that conflicts can be revealed
  17. the scientific application of psychological principles to change society, culture and government
  18. the study of the neural mechanisms that underlie thought, learning and memory
  19. an approach that emphasizes the role of environmental forces in producing behavior
  20. an approach that emphasizes the role of internal thoughts, within the mind, in producing behavior
  21. How would John B. Watson explain why your sister is (stereotypically) “feminine” in her behaviors (e.g., she always wears pink dresses and prefers to watch Cinderella over Cars)? (1/28/13 lecture, pp. 14 ‐15)
  22. Displaying feminine behaviors increases her dopamine levels, which increases the number of men she meets.
  23. Displaying feminine behaviors increases the number of men she meets, which increases her dopamine levels.
  24. Unconscious mental processes regarding sex are in conflict, which produces these very feminine behaviors and thoughts in her conscious mind.
  25. As a girl, her mother spoke harshly to her when she played with “boys’ toys” (e.g., trucks and toy guns).
  26. both 1 and 2 are correct
  27. Which best describes John B. Watson’s Little Albert experiment? (1/28/12 lecture)
  28. Superior parenting behaviors (e.g., reinforcement) led a boy born to a very poor family to become a very rich man.
  29. Inferior parenting behaviors (e.g., punishment) led a boy born to a wealthy family to become a very poor man.
  30. Classical music (e.g., Mozart) increased the density of cortical neurons and axon potential frequency.
  31. A child was conditioned to show fear (e.g., cry) when shown a variety of fuzzy, white items (e.g., a bunny rabbit).
  32. both 1 and 2 are correct
  33. When researchers collect enough data to develop a general explanation of why people behave as they do, the researchers are creating a(n) ___. (1/30/13 lecture, Ch. 2 hwk Q#1 & 2, pp. 31 ‐33)
  34. theory 2. experiment 3. hypothesis 4. generalization

General Psychology / Spring 2013 / Exam #1 / Blue Form / Page 2

  1. Which best describes Gestalt theory? (Ch. 1 hwk Q#3, pp. 11 ‐12, 2/13/13 lecture)
  2. idea that the whole of personal experience is different from the sum of parts
  3. idea that behavior is caused by unconscious internal conflicts that must be resolved to avoid dysfunction
  4. approach that emphasizes how environmental forces produce behavior
  5. study of how people are influenced by their interactions with others
  6. idea that the brain, nerves and nervous system underlie thought, learning and memory
  7. A criminologist reports that as the number of guns owned in a community increases, the number of murders committed decreases. This reflects a ___ correlation. (1/30/13 lecture, pp. 66 ‐68)
  8. positive 2. negative
  9. In correlation studies, it is always possible that an unmeasured variable is responsible for the relation of interest. This complication is known as ___. (2/1/13 lecture, Ch. 2 hwk Q#8 & 12, p. 39 )
  10. observer bias 2. experimenter expectancy effects
  11. the directionality problem 4. the third variable problem
  12. A psychologist is interested in social media in college students. The psychologist joins a Mizzou student group on Facebook and is active in the discussions. This research approach is best described as ___ (1/30 & 2/1/13 lectures, pp. 35 ‐36)
  13. participant observation 2. naturalistic observation 3. a quasi experiment
  14. A cognitive psychologist measures reaction time in a group of five college students. The scores were (in seconds) 5, 5, 10, 15 and 20. What is the mode of this data set? (2/1/13 lecture, Ch 2 hwk Q#11, pp. 65 ‐67)
  15. 11 ([5 + 5 + 10 + 15 + 20] / 5) 2. 5 through 20 3. 10 4. 5
  16. A college professor found that the more class absences students have, the lower their grades in the course tend to be. Which is the most likely correlation coefficient the professor observed between these variables? (1/30/13 lecture, pp. 66 ‐68)
  17. 0 2. ‐ 0.5 3. + 0.5 4. either 2 or 3 would be correct
  18. A clinical psychologist randomly assigns people with Alzheimer’s disease to receive a test drug or to receive a placebo. She then measures of both groups of people on a standard test of working memory. Which is true? (1/30 & 2/1/13 lecture, Ch. 2 hwk Q#4 & 5, pp. 40 ‐43)
  19. The control group is the people who received placebo.
  20. The dependent variable was whether the people received drug or placebo.
  21. The independent variable was the performance on the memory test.
  22. both 2 and 3 are correct 5. 1, 2 and 3 are correct
  23. Which is a method of brain imaging that assesses metabolic activity by using a radioactive substance injected into the bloodstream? (pp. 56 ‐58, Ch. 2 hwk Q#7)
  24. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 2. functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
  25. transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) 4. positron emission tomography (PET)
  26. Suppose a researcher intended to study people’s level of happiness by monitoring how often they smile or laugh when watching a movie. If this measurement does not really indicate level of happiness, psychologists would say that the data are not ___. (pp. 64 ‐65, Ch. 2 hwk Q#10, 2/1/13 lecture)
  27. systematic 2. reliable 3. valid 4. event related
  28. If a researcher publicly discussed a participant’s responses and named the participant, that researcher would be guilty of violating what specific ethical principle? (Ch. 2 hwk Q#9, pp. 60 ‐61)
  29. confidentiality 2. anonymity 3. privacy 4. deception

General Psychology / Spring 2013 / Exam #1 / Blue Form / Page 4

  1. In the diagram above, which corresponds best to the cerebellum? (2/8/13 lecture, pp. 90 ‐91)
  2. 1 2. 2 3. 3 4. 4 5. 5
  3. Why are nodes of Ranvier important structures for neuron firing? (2/6/13 lecture, Ch. 3 hwk Q#2, p. 80)
  4. they release neurotransmitters 2. they are involved in reuptake
  5. they are receptor sites for binding with neurotransmitter
  6. they are areas along the axon that speed transmission
  7. When a neuron is at its resting potential ___ (2/6/13 lecture, pp. 77 ‐79, Ch. 3 hwk Q#3)
  8. inside the neuron is more positive than outside the neuron
  9. inside the neuron is more negative than outside the neuron
  10. both the inside and outside of the neuron are of an equal electrical charge
  11. What is an endocannabinoid? (2/8/13 lecture)
  12. a chemical the body makes that is similar to the active ingredients in marijuana
  13. a chemical that may play a role in the body’s ability to decrease pain and stress
  14. a chemical produced in the brain of people who use marijuana, but not in those who abstain from marijuana use
  15. both 1 and 2 are correct 5. 1, 2 and 3 are correct
  16. According to the research presented in lecture, marijuana‐like drugs (agonists) ___ in rodents. (2/8/13 lecture)
  17. improve spatial learning and memory performance
  18. decrease the behavioral and neurochemical impacts of chronic pain
  19. decrease intake of high‐fat/high‐calorie food
  20. both 1 and 2 are correct 5. 1, 2 and 3 are correct
  21. Parkinson’s disease is associated with a decrease in the amount of the neurotransmitter ___ in the brain. Also, the positive symptoms of schizophrenia are believed to be caused by an excess of this transmitter in brain. (2/8/13 lecture, pp. ).
  22. estrogen 2. testosterone 3. serotonin 4. dopamine
  23. ___ is the body’s detection of external or internal sensory stimuli, whereas ___ is its further processing, organizing, and interpreting of those stimuli. (Ch. 4 hwk Q#1, 2/11/13 lecture, p. 132 ‐133)
  24. sensation; perception 2. perception; sensation
  25. A subliminal stimulus, as presented in lecture, is below the absolute threshold. (2/11/13 lecture)
  26. True 2. False

General Psychology / Spring 2013 / Exam #1 / Blue Form / Page 5

  1. According to William Brian Key’s Subliminal Seduction, published in the early 1970s ___. (2/11/13 lecture)
  2. heavy metal rock bands (e.g., Judas Priest) hide suggestions to commit violence in their music
  3. advertisers use bright colors (e.g., red and pink) in ads because they are associated with sex and violence
  4. consumers are influenced by overt sexual images in advertisements (e.g., a woman in a bikini in a beer ad)
  5. human behavior can be shaped by images flashed extremely quickly (e.g., one‐three thousandth of a second)
  6. consumers are influenced by sexual images hidden in advertisements (e.g., a penis in an ad for soda water)
  7. Rods and cones are the cells that are responsible for the detection of ___. (2/11/13 lecture, Ch. 4 hwk Q#4, p. 151)
  8. sound 2. odor 3. taste 4. pain 5. light
  9. The process by which a sound is transformed into a neural signal involves which of the following sequences of transformations? (Ch. 4 hwk Q#5, 2/11/13 lecture, p. 149)
  10. sound wave  eardrum vibration  pressure wave in fluid
  11. eardrum vibration  pressure wave in fluid  sound wave
  12. sound wave  pressure wave in fluid  eardrum vibration
  13. eardrum vibration  sound wave  pressure wave in fluid
  14. Scotty makes dinner by looking at his ingredients and then combining them into a meal. Nora makes dinner by deciding on the meal and then selecting the ingredients. Scotty is cooking in a _____ manner, and Nora is cooking in a _____ manner. (Ch. 4 hwk Q#13, pp. 167 ‐168)
  15. bottom‐up; top‐down 2. top‐down; bottom‐up
  16. top‐down; top‐down 4. bottom‐up; bottom‐up
  17. In the movie Goldfinger, James Bond sips brandy (alcohol) and immediately identifies the drink’s age and blending. What part of his brain contributes most to his ability to identify (name) the taste? (2/13/13 lecture)
  18. medulla 2. amygdala 3. hypothalamus 4. thalamus 5. gustatory cortex
  19. The receptors for the sense of ___ are located in papillae. (2/13/13 lecture, pp.140‐142)
  20. hearing 2. vision 3. smell 4. taste
  21. An odor is most likely encoded by a(n) ___. (2/13/13 lecture, pp. 142 ‐145)
  22. a single receptor specialized for that odor 2. activation pattern across many receptor types
  23. single olfactory and a single gustatory receptor
  24. activation pattern across many types of olfactory and gustatory receptor types
  25. Which best describes the psychoanalytic (Freud) theory of dreams? (2/18/13 lecture, pp., Ch. 5 hwk Q#12, p. 203)
  26. dreams are insight to unconscious conflict
  27. dreams are a way to integrate and store information during the day
  28. dreams reflect the sleeping mind “making sense” of random brain activity
  29. dreams simulate threatening events to help develop coping strategies
  30. Which best describes REM sleep? (2/18/13 lecture, pp.197)
  31. an electroencephalogram (EEG) would reveal delta activity
  32. there is a lack of muscle tone 3. an EEG would reveal desynchrony (rapid, irregular waves)
  33. both 1 and 2 are correct 5. both 2 and 3 are correct
  34. Josh went to sleep about 30 minutes ago. His electroencephalogram (EEG) activity contains sleep spindles and K‐ complexes. Josh is in stage ___ sleep. (2/18/13 lecture, Ch. 5 hwk Q#7, pp. 196 ‐197)
  35. 1 2. 2 3. 3 ‐ 4 (slow‐wave) 4. REM

General Psychology / Spring 2013 / Exam #1 / Pink Form / Page 1 On the Scantron write your name (last‐name first) and student number and fill‐in the corresponding circles completely. If you do not follow these instructions, your exam may not be graded. Answer each question and fill‐in the corresponding circle on the Scantron. Each question is worth one point

  1. In the diagram above, which corresponds best to the cerebellum? (2/8/13 lecture, pp. 90 ‐91)
  2. 1 2. 2 3. 3 4. 4 5. 5
  3. How do neurons communicate? (2/6/13 lecture, pp. 80 ‐82)
  4. terminal buttons bind to receptor sites on adjacent dendrites
  5. neurotransmitters cross the synapse and bind with receptors on a postsynaptic dendrite
  6. electrical signals jump across the synapse to the adjacent neuron
  7. chemicals released into the synapse are converted into neurotransmitters that bind with receptors
  8. none are correct
  9. An odor is most likely encoded by a(n) ___. (2/13/13 lecture, pp. 142 ‐145)
  10. a single receptor specialized for that odor 2. activation pattern across many receptor types
  11. single olfactory and a single gustatory receptor
  12. activation pattern across many types of olfactory and gustatory receptor types
  13. The ___ capture(s) the incoming chemical signal while the ___ release(s) the chemical signal. (2/4 & 2/6/13 lectures, p. 77, Ch. 3 hwk Q#2)
  14. terminal buttons; dendrites 2. cell body; axon 3. axon; cell body 4. dendrites; terminal buttons
  15. According to the Neuron Doctrine proposed by Santiago Ramon Y Cajal ___. (2/4/13 lecture)
  16. behavior arises from communication between nerve cells
  17. there is consistent and predictable communication between nerve cells
  18. the arrangement of the nervous system is not random
  19. both 1 and 2 are correct 5. 1, 2 and 3 are correct
  20. In correlation studies, it is always possible that an unmeasured variable is responsible for the relation of interest. This complication is known as ___. (2/1/13 lecture, Ch. 2 hwk Q#8 & 12, p. 39 )
  21. observer bias 2. experimenter expectancy effects
  22. the directionality problem 4. the third variable problem

General Psychology / Spring 2013 / Exam #1 / Pink Form / Page 2

  1. How would John B. Watson explain why your sister is (stereotypically) “feminine” in her behaviors (e.g., she always wears pink dresses and prefers to watch Cinderella over Cars)? (1/28/13 lecture, pp. 14 ‐15)
  2. Displaying feminine behaviors increases her dopamine levels, which increases the number of men she meets.
  3. Displaying feminine behaviors increases the number of men she meets, which increases her dopamine levels.
  4. Unconscious mental processes regarding sex are in conflict, which produces these very feminine behaviors and thoughts in her conscious mind.
  5. As a girl, her mother spoke harshly to her when she played with “boys’ toys” (e.g., trucks and toy guns).
  6. both 1 and 2 are correct
  7. Which best describes John B. Watson’s Little Albert experiment? (1/28/12 lecture)
  8. Superior parenting behaviors (e.g., reinforcement) led a boy born to a very poor family to become a very rich man.
  9. Inferior parenting behaviors (e.g., punishment) led a boy born to a wealthy family to become a very poor man.
  10. Classical music (e.g., Mozart) increased the density of cortical neurons and axon potential frequency.
  11. A child was conditioned to show fear (e.g., cry) when shown a variety of fuzzy, white items (e.g., a bunny rabbit).
  12. both 1 and 2 are correct
  13. In the movie Goldfinger, James Bond sips brandy (alcohol) and immediately identifies the drink’s age and blending. What part of his brain contributes most to his ability to identify (name) the taste? (2/13/13 lecture)
  14. medulla 2. amygdala 3. hypothalamus 4. thalamus 5. gustatory cortex
  15. The receptors for the sense of ___ are located in papillae. (2/13/13 lecture, pp.140‐142)
  16. hearing 2. vision 3. smell 4. taste
  17. A criminologist reports that as the number of guns owned in a community increases, the number of murders committed decreases. This reflects a ___ correlation. (1/30/13 lecture, pp. 66 ‐68)
  18. positive 2. negative
  19. When researchers collect enough data to develop a general explanation of why people behave as they do, the researchers are creating a(n) ___. (1/30/13 lecture, Ch. 2 hwk Q#1 & 2, pp. 31 ‐33)
  20. theory 2. experiment 3. hypothesis 4. generalization
  21. At conception, one’s __is fixed, whereas one’s ___is always changing throughout one’s lifetime. (Ch. 3 hwk Q#14, pp. 107 ‐108)
  22. genotype; phenotype 2. phenotype; genotype
  23. genotype; dominant gene 4. dominant gene; genotype
  24. A psychologist is interested in social media in college students. The psychologist joins a Mizzou student group on Facebook and is active in the discussions. This research approach is best described as ___ (1/30 & 2/1/13 lectures, pp. 35 ‐36)
  25. participant observation 2. naturalistic observation 3. a quasi experiment
  26. Which best describes the psychoanalytic (Freud) theory of dreams? (2/18/13 lecture, pp., Ch. 5 hwk Q#12, p. 203)
  27. dreams are insight to unconscious conflict
  28. dreams are a way to integrate and store information during the day
  29. dreams reflect the sleeping mind “making sense” of random brain activity
  30. dreams simulate threatening events to help develop coping strategies

General Psychology / Spring 2013 / Exam #1 / Pink Form / Page 4

  1. Which is true regarding concussion? (2/4/13 lecture)
  2. it is minor traumatic brain injury that may occur when the head hits an object or an object hits the head
  3. although the mechanism is unclear, it may increase the chance of developing dementia or Alzheimer’s disease years after experiencing the concussion
  4. it does not always involve a loss of consciousness at the time of injury
  5. both 1 and 2 are correct 5. 1, 2 and 3 are correct
  6. The effects of the central nervous system on the endocrine system are largely mediated by which brain structure? This brain structure also plays an important role in thirst, hunger, body temperature and sexual activity. (Ch. 3 hwk Q# & 13, pp. 91 & 100 ‐101, 2/8/13 lecture)
  7. hippocampus 2. thalamus 3. amygdala 4. hypothalamus
  8. What is an endocannabinoid? (2/8/13 lecture)
  9. a chemical the body makes that is similar to the active ingredients in marijuana
  10. a chemical that may play a role in the body’s ability to decrease pain and stress
  11. a chemical produced in the brain of people who use marijuana, but not in those who abstain from marijuana use
  12. both 1 and 2 are correct 5. 1, 2 and 3 are correct
  13. Which best describes REM sleep? (2/18/13 lecture, pp.197)
  14. an electroencephalogram (EEG) would reveal delta activity
  15. there is a lack of muscle tone 3. an EEG would reveal desynchrony (rapid, irregular waves)
  16. both 1 and 2 are correct 5. both 2 and 3 are correct
  17. Josh went to sleep about 30 minutes ago. His electroencephalogram (EEG) activity contains sleep spindles and K‐ complexes. Josh is in stage ___ sleep. (2/18/13 lecture, Ch. 5 hwk Q#7, pp. 196 ‐197)
  18. 1 2. 2 3. 3 ‐ 4 (slow‐wave) 4. REM
  19. Which best describes Gestalt theory? (Ch. 1 hwk Q#3, pp. 11 ‐12, 2/13/13 lecture)
  20. idea that the whole of personal experience is different from the sum of parts
  21. idea that behavior is caused by unconscious internal conflicts that must be resolved to avoid dysfunction
  22. approach that emphasizes how environmental forces produce behavior
  23. study of how people are influenced by their interactions with others
  24. idea that the brain, nerves and nervous system underlie thought, learning and memory
  25. Which is the best nurture explanation (in the nature/nurture problem) to explain why Jadea earned a good grade on her college exam? (1/25/13 lecture, pp. 7 ‐8, Ch. 1 hwk Q#2)
  26. She has many synaptic connections in her prefrontal cortex and hippocampus.
  27. When she was a girl, her parents reinforced studying and punished “goofing off”.
  28. Jadea’s mother, father and all four of her grandparents have genius‐level intelligence.
  29. According to the research presented in lecture, marijuana‐like drugs (agonists) ___ in rodents. (2/8/13 lecture)
  30. improve spatial learning and memory performance
  31. decrease the behavioral and neurochemical impacts of chronic pain
  32. decrease intake of high‐fat/high‐calorie food
  33. both 1 and 2 are correct 5. 1, 2 and 3 are correct

General Psychology / Spring 2013 / Exam #1 / Pink Form / Page 5

  1. A clinical psychologist randomly assigns people with Alzheimer’s disease to receive a test drug or to receive a placebo. She then measures of both groups of people on a standard test of working memory. Which is true? (1/30 & 2/1/13 lecture, Ch. 2 hwk Q#4 & 5, pp. 40 ‐43)
  2. The control group is the people who received placebo.
  3. The dependent variable was whether the people received drug or placebo.
  4. The independent variable was the performance on the memory test.
  5. both 2 and 3 are correct 5. 1, 2 and 3 are correct
  6. The host of a television program is interviewing a person who uses ___ to relax. The person says, “during meditation, I let my thoughts flow freely. I am aware of them but don’t examine or react to them.” (Ch. 5 hwk Q#15, pp. 207 ‐209)
  7. mindfulness meditation 2. concentrative meditation 3. transcendental meditation
  8. Yoga 5. Zen
  9. For several months Bria has been using Xanax (a sleep medication) every night to fall asleep and the amount of Xanax she requires has increased considerably. On Monday night Bria was out of Xanax and had trouble falling asleep. Which best describes Bria’s experience on Monday___. (2/15/13 lecture)
  10. idiopathic insomnia 2. transient insomnia 3. pseudoinsomnia 4. narcolepsy
  11. iatrogenic insomnia
  12. Sterling was talking with his friends, when he suddenly felt extremely sleepy and his muscles were paralyzed (like in REM sleep). What is Sterling experiencing? (2/15/13 lecture, p. 198, Ch. 5 hwk Q#8)
  13. idiopathic insomnia 2. transient insomnia 3. pseudoinsomnia 4. narcolepsy
  14. iatrogenic insomnia
  15. Kaylee is tired and has a low level of arousal. We would likely observe ___ in her nervous system. (2/15/13 lecture)
  16. low levels of adenosine 2. high levels of hypocretin/orexin 3. high levels of adenosine
  17. both 1 and 2 are correct 5. both 2 and 3 are correct
  18. Our sleep/wake cycle is regulated by a biological clock that repeats every day, which is called a(n) ___. (Ch. 5 hwk Q#6 & 8, 2/15/13 lecture, pp.194‐ 195 & 200)
  19. sleep spindle 2. circadian rhythm 3. hypocretin 4. orexin 5. both 3 and 4 are correct
  20. Why are nodes of Ranvier important structures for neuron firing? (2/6/13 lecture, Ch. 3 hwk Q#2, p. 80)
  21. they release neurotransmitters 2. they are involved in reuptake
  22. they are receptor sites for binding with neurotransmitter
  23. they are areas along the axon that speed transmission
  24. Parkinson’s disease is associated with a decrease in the amount of the neurotransmitter ___ in the brain. Also, the positive symptoms of schizophrenia are believed to be caused by an excess of this transmitter in brain. (2/8/13 lecture, pp. ).
  25. estrogen 2. testosterone 3. serotonin 4. dopamine
  26. ___ is the body’s detection of external or internal sensory stimuli, whereas ___ is its further processing, organizing, and interpreting of those stimuli. (Ch. 4 hwk Q#1, 2/11/13 lecture, p. 132 ‐133)
  27. sensation; perception 2. perception; sensation

General Psychology / Spring 2013 / Exam #1 / Green Form / Page 1 On the Scantron write your name (last‐name first) and student number and fill‐in the corresponding circles completely. If you do not follow these instructions, your exam may not be graded. Answer each question and fill‐in the corresponding circle on the Scantron. Each question is worth one point

  1. In the diagram above, which corresponds best to the cerebellum? (2/8/13 lecture, pp. 90 ‐91)
  2. 1 2. 2 3. 3 4. 4 5. 5
  3. How do neurons communicate? (2/6/13 lecture, pp. 80 ‐82)
  4. electrical signals jump across the synapse to the adjacent neuron
  5. terminal buttons bind to receptor sites on adjacent dendrites
  6. neurotransmitters cross the synapse and bind with receptors on a postsynaptic dendrite
  7. chemicals released into the synapse are converted into neurotransmitters that bind with receptors
  8. none are correct
  9. An odor is most likely encoded by a(n) ___. (2/13/13 lecture, pp. 142 ‐145)
  10. a single receptor specialized for that odor 2. activation pattern across many receptor types
  11. single olfactory and a single gustatory receptor
  12. activation pattern across many types of olfactory and gustatory receptor types
  13. The ___ capture(s) the incoming chemical signal while the ___ release(s) the chemical signal. (2/4 & 2/6/13 lectures, p. 77, Ch. 3 hwk Q#2)
  14. terminal buttons; dendrites 2. dendrites; terminal buttons 3. cell body; axon 4. axon; cell body
  15. According to the Neuron Doctrine proposed by Santiago Ramon Y Cajal ___. (2/4/13 lecture)
  16. there is consistent and predictable communication between nerve cells
  17. the arrangement of the nervous system is not random
  18. behavior arises from communication between nerve cells
  19. both 1 and 2 are correct 5. 1, 2 and 3 are correct
  20. In correlation studies, it is always possible that an unmeasured variable is responsible for the relation of interest. This complication is known as ___. (2/1/13 lecture, Ch. 2 hwk Q#8 & 12, p. 39 )
  21. the directionality problem 3. the third variable problem
  22. observer bias 4. experimenter expectancy effects

General Psychology / Spring 2013 / Exam #1 / Green Form / Page 2

  1. How would John B. Watson explain why your sister is (stereotypically) “feminine” in her behaviors (e.g., she always wears pink dresses and prefers to watch Cinderella over Cars)? (1/28/13 lecture, pp. 14 ‐15)
  2. Displaying feminine behaviors increases her dopamine levels, which increases the number of men she meets.
  3. Displaying feminine behaviors increases the number of men she meets, which increases her dopamine levels.
  4. As a girl, her mother spoke harshly to her when she played with “boys’ toys” (e.g., trucks and toy guns).
  5. Unconscious mental processes regarding sex are in conflict, which produces these very feminine behaviors and thoughts in her conscious mind.
  6. both 1 and 2 are correct
  7. Which best describes John B. Watson’s Little Albert experiment? (1/28/12 lecture)
  8. Superior parenting behaviors (e.g., reinforcement) led a boy born to a very poor family to become a very rich man.
  9. Inferior parenting behaviors (e.g., punishment) led a boy born to a wealthy family to become a very poor man.
  10. A child was conditioned to show fear (e.g., cry) when shown a variety of fuzzy, white items (e.g., a bunny rabbit).
  11. Classical music (e.g., Mozart) increased the density of cortical neurons and axon potential frequency.
  12. both 1 and 2 are correct
  13. In the movie Goldfinger, James Bond sips brandy (alcohol) and immediately identifies the drink’s age and blending. What part of his brain contributes most to his ability to identify (name) the taste? (2/13/13 lecture)
  14. gustatory cortex 2. medulla 3. amygdala 4. hypothalamus 5. thalamus
  15. The receptors for the sense of ___ are located in papillae. (2/13/13 lecture, pp.140‐142)
  16. hearing 2. vision 3. smell 4. taste
  17. A criminologist reports that as the number of guns owned in a community increases, the number of murders committed increases. This reflects a ___ correlation. (1/30/13 lecture, pp. 66 ‐68)
  18. positive 2. negative
  19. When researchers collect enough data to develop a general explanation of why people behave as they do, the researchers are creating a(n) ___. (1/30/13 lecture, Ch. 2 hwk Q#1 & 2, pp. 31 ‐33)
  20. theory 2. experiment 3. hypothesis 4. generalization
  21. At conception, one’s __is fixed, whereas one’s ___is always changing throughout one’s lifetime. (Ch. 3 hwk Q#14, pp. 107 ‐108)
  22. genotype; dominant gene 2. dominant gene; genotype
  23. genotype; phenotype 4. phenotype; genotype
  24. A psychologist is interested in social media in college students. The psychologist joins a Mizzou student group on Facebook and is active in the discussions. This research approach is best described as ___ (1/30 & 2/1/13 lectures, pp. 35 ‐36)
  25. participant observation 2. naturalistic observation 3. a quasi experiment
  26. Which best describes the psychoanalytic (Freud) theory of dreams? (2/18/13 lecture, pp., Ch. 5 hwk Q#12, p. 203)
  27. dreams reflect the sleeping mind “making sense” of random brain activity
  28. dreams simulate threatening events to help develop coping strategies
  29. dreams are insight to unconscious conflict
  30. dreams are a way to integrate and store information during the day

General Psychology / Spring 2013 / Exam #1 / Green Form / Page 4

  1. Which is true regarding concussion? (2/4/13 lecture)
  2. it is minor traumatic brain injury that may occur when the head hits an object or an object hits the head
  3. although the mechanism is unclear, it may increase the chance of developing dementia or Alzheimer’s disease years after experiencing the concussion
  4. it does not always involve a loss of consciousness at the time of injury
  5. both 1 and 2 are correct 5. 1, 2 and 3 are correct
  6. The effects of the central nervous system on the endocrine system are largely mediated by which brain structure? This brain structure also plays an important role in thirst, hunger, body temperature and sexual activity. (Ch. 3 hwk Q# & 13, pp. 91 & 100 ‐101, 2/8/13 lecture)
  7. hippocampus 2. thalamus 3. amygdala 4. hypothalamus
  8. What is an endocannabinoid? (2/8/13 lecture)
  9. a chemical the body makes that is similar to the active ingredients in marijuana
  10. a chemical that may play a role in the body’s ability to decrease pain and stress
  11. a chemical produced in the brain of people who use marijuana, but not in those who abstain from marijuana use
  12. both 1 and 2 are correct 5. 1, 2 and 3 are correct
  13. Which best describes REM sleep? (2/18/13 lecture, pp.197)
  14. an electroencephalogram (EEG) would reveal delta activity
  15. there is a lack of muscle tone 3. an EEG would reveal desynchrony (rapid, irregular waves)
  16. both 1 and 2 are correct 5. both 2 and 3 are correct
  17. Josh went to sleep about 30 minutes ago. His electroencephalogram (EEG) activity contains sleep spindles and K‐ complexes. Josh is in stage ___ sleep. (2/18/13 lecture, Ch. 5 hwk Q#7, pp. 196 ‐197)
  18. 1 2. 2 3. 3 ‐ 4 (slow‐wave) 4. REM
  19. Which best describes Gestalt theory? (Ch. 1 hwk Q#3, pp. 11 ‐12, 2/13/13 lecture)
  20. idea that the whole of personal experience is different from the sum of parts
  21. idea that the brain, nerves and nervous system underlie thought, learning and memory
  22. idea that behavior is caused by unconscious internal conflicts that must be resolved to avoid dysfunction
  23. approach that emphasizes how environmental forces produce behavior
  24. study of how people are influenced by their interactions with others
  25. Which is the best nurture explanation (in the nature/nurture problem) to explain why Jadea earned a good grade on her college exam? (1/25/13 lecture, pp. 7 ‐8, Ch. 1 hwk Q#2)
  26. She has many synaptic connections in her prefrontal cortex and hippocampus.
  27. When she was a girl, her parents reinforced studying and punished “goofing off”.
  28. Jadea’s mother, father and all four of her grandparents have genius‐level intelligence.
  29. According to the research presented in lecture, marijuana‐like drugs (agonists) ___ in rodents. (2/8/13 lecture)
  30. decrease the behavioral and neurochemical impacts of chronic pain
  31. improve spatial learning and memory performance
  32. decrease intake of high‐fat/high‐calorie food
  33. both 1 and 2 are correct 5. 1, 2 and 3 are correct

General Psychology / Spring 2013 / Exam #1 / Green Form / Page 5

  1. A clinical psychologist randomly assigns people with Alzheimer’s disease to receive a test drug or to receive a placebo. She then measures of both groups of people on a standard test of working memory. Which is true? (1/30 & 2/1/13 lecture, Ch. 2 hwk Q#4 & 5, pp. 40 ‐43)
  2. The control group is the people who received placebo.
  3. The independent variable was whether the people received drug or placebo.
  4. The dependent variable was the performance on the memory test.
  5. both 2 and 3 are correct 5. 1, 2 and 3 are correct
  6. The host of a television program is interviewing a person who uses ___ to relax. The person says, “during meditation, I let my thoughts flow freely. I am aware of them but don’t examine or react to them.” (Ch. 5 hwk Q#15, pp. 207 ‐209)
  7. mindfulness meditation 2. concentrative meditation 3. transcendental meditation
  8. Yoga 5. Zen
  9. For several months Bria has been using Xanax (a sleep medication) every night to fall asleep and the amount of Xanax she requires has increased considerably. On Monday night Bria was out of Xanax and had trouble falling asleep. Which best describes Bria’s experience on Monday___. (2/15/13 lecture)
  10. iatrogenic insomnia 2. transient insomnia 3. pseudoinsomnia 4. narcolepsy
  11. idiopathic insomnia
  12. Sterling was talking with his friends, when he suddenly felt extremely sleepy and his muscles were paralyzed (like in REM sleep). What is Sterling experiencing? (2/15/13 lecture, p. 198, Ch. 5 hwk Q#8)
  13. idiopathic insomnia 2. transient insomnia 3. pseudoinsomnia 4. narcolepsy
  14. iatrogenic insomnia
  15. Kaylee is tired and has a low level of arousal. We would likely observe ___ in her nervous system. (2/15/13 lecture)
  16. high levels of adenosine 2. high levels of hypocretin/orexin 3. low levels of adenosine
  17. both 1 and 2 are correct 5. both 2 and 3 are correct
  18. Our sleep/wake cycle is regulated by a biological clock that repeats every day, which is called a(n) ___. (Ch. 5 hwk Q#6 & 8, 2/15/13 lecture, pp.194‐ 195 & 200)
  19. sleep spindle 2. circadian rhythm 3. hypocretin 4. orexin 5. both 3 and 4 are correct
  20. Why are nodes of Ranvier important structures for neuron firing? (2/6/13 lecture, Ch. 3 hwk Q#2, p. 80)
  21. they release neurotransmitters 2. they are involved in reuptake
  22. they are receptor sites for binding with neurotransmitter
  23. they are areas along the axon that speed transmission
  24. Parkinson’s disease is associated with a decrease in the amount of the neurotransmitter ___ in the brain. Also, the positive symptoms of schizophrenia are believed to be caused by an excess of this transmitter in brain. (2/8/13 lecture, pp. ).
  25. estrogen 2. testosterone 3. serotonin 4. dopamine
  26. ___ is the body’s detection of external or internal sensory stimuli, whereas ___ is its further processing, organizing, and interpreting of those stimuli. (Ch. 4 hwk Q#1, 2/11/13 lecture, p. 132 ‐133)
  27. sensation; perception 2. perception; sensation

General Psychology / Spring 2013 / Exam #1 / Yellow Form / Page 1 On the Scantron write your name (last‐name first) and student number and fill‐in the corresponding circles completely. If you do not follow these instructions, your exam may not be graded. Answer each question and fill‐in the corresponding circle on the Scantron. Each question is worth one point

  1. Why is critical thinking important in evaluating psychological research? (1/25/13 lecture, pp. 4 ‐6)
  2. biology is the most important factor in behavior, and knowing all the elements of the biological causes for behavior is impossible
  3. there is only one clear explanation and the researchers may not have found it
  4. researchers deliberately lie about their findings
  5. there might be significant limitations to the findings
  6. Which is the best nurture explanation (in the nature/nurture problem) to explain why Jadea earned a good grade on her college exam? (1/25/13 lecture, pp. 7 ‐8, Ch. 1 hwk Q#2)
  7. When she was a girl, her parents reinforced studying and punished “goofing off”.
  8. She has many synaptic connections in her prefrontal cortex and hippocampus.
  9. Jadea’s mother, father and all four of her grandparents have genius‐level intelligence.
  10. Which quote would most likely reflect the comments of a cognitive psychologist about his research? (Ch. 1 hwk Q#6, pp. 15 ‐16, 1/28/13 lecture)
  11. “I want to know how people solve complex problems in emergency situations.”
  12. “I’m interested in whether shyness is inherited.”
  13. “I study how the brain is affected by everyday experiences.”
  14. “My research looks at how romantic relationships are affected by social media”
  15. Which best describes behaviorism? (1/28/13 lecture, pp. 14 ‐15, Ch. 1 hwk Q#3)
  16. the study of the neural mechanisms that underlie thought, learning and memory
  17. an approach that emphasizes the role of environmental forces in producing behavior
  18. an attempt to bring the contents of the unconscious into conscious awareness so that conflicts can be revealed
  19. the scientific application of psychological principles to change society, culture and government
  20. an approach that emphasizes the role of internal thoughts, within the mind, in producing behavior
  21. How would John B. Watson explain why your sister is (stereotypically) “feminine” in her behaviors (e.g., she always wears pink dresses and prefers to watch Cinderella over Cars)? (1/28/13 lecture, pp. 14 ‐15)
  22. Displaying feminine behaviors increases her dopamine levels, which increases the number of men she meets.
  23. Displaying feminine behaviors increases the number of men she meets, which increases her dopamine levels.
  24. As a girl, her mother spoke harshly to her when she played with “boys’ toys” (e.g., trucks and toy guns).
  25. Unconscious mental processes regarding sex are in conflict, which produces these very feminine behaviors and thoughts in her conscious mind.
  26. both 1 and 2 are correct
  27. Which best describes John B. Watson’s Little Albert experiment? (1/28/12 lecture)
  28. Superior parenting behaviors (e.g., reinforcement) led a boy born to a very poor family to become a very rich man.
  29. Inferior parenting behaviors (e.g., punishment) led a boy born to a wealthy family to become a very poor man.
  30. Classical music (e.g., Mozart) increased the density of cortical neurons and axon potential frequency.
  31. A child was conditioned to show fear (e.g., cry) when shown a variety of fuzzy, white items (e.g., a bunny rabbit).
  32. both 1 and 2 are correct
  33. When researchers collect enough data to develop a general explanation of why people behave as they do, the researchers are creating a(n) ___. (1/30/13 lecture, Ch. 2 hwk Q#1 & 2, pp. 31 ‐33)
  34. hypothesis 2. generalization 3. theory 4. experiment

General Psychology / Spring 2013 / Exam #1 / Yellow Form / Page 2

  1. Which best describes Gestalt theory? (Ch. 1 hwk Q#3, pp. 11 ‐12, 2/13/13 lecture)
  2. idea that the brain, nerves and nervous system underlie thought, learning and memory
  3. idea that the whole of personal experience is different from the sum of parts
  4. idea that behavior is caused by unconscious internal conflicts that must be resolved to avoid dysfunction
  5. approach that emphasizes how environmental forces produce behavior
  6. study of how people are influenced by their interactions with others
  7. A criminologist reports that as the number of guns owned in a community increases, the number of murders committed increases. This reflects a ___ correlation. (1/30/13 lecture, pp. 66 ‐68)
  8. positive 2. negative
  9. In correlation studies, it is always possible that an unmeasured variable is responsible for the relation of interest. This complication is known as ___. (2/1/13 lecture, Ch. 2 hwk Q#8 & 12, p. 39 )
  10. the directionality problem 3. the third variable problem
  11. observer bias 4. experimenter expectancy effects
  12. A psychologist is interested in social media in college students. The psychologist joins a Mizzou student group on Facebook and is active in the discussions. This research approach is best described as ___ (1/30 & 2/1/13 lectures, pp. 35 ‐36)
  13. participant observation 2. naturalistic observation 3. a quasi experiment
  14. A cognitive psychologist measures reaction time in a group of five college students. The scores were (in seconds) 5, 5, 10, 15 and 20. What is the median of this data set? (2/1/13 lecture, Ch 2 hwk Q#11, pp. 65 ‐67)
  15. 11 ([5 + 5 + 10 + 15 + 20] / 5) 2. 5 through 20 3. 10 4. 5
  16. A college professor found that the more class absences students have, the lower their grades in the course tend to be. Which is the most likely correlation coefficient the professor observed between these variables? (1/30/13 lecture, pp. 66 ‐68)
  17. 0 2. ‐ 0.5 3. + 0.5 4. either 2 or 3 would be correct
  18. A clinical psychologist randomly assigns people with Alzheimer’s disease to receive a test drug or to receive a placebo. She then measures of both groups of people on a standard test of working memory. Which is true? (1/30 & 2/1/13 lecture, Ch. 2 hwk Q#4 & 5, pp. 40 ‐43)
  19. The control group is the people who received placebo.
  20. The independent variable was whether the people received drug or placebo.
  21. The dependent variable was the performance on the memory test.
  22. both 2 and 3 are correct 5. 1, 2 and 3 are correct
  23. Which is a method of brain imaging that assesses metabolic activity by using a radioactive substance injected into the bloodstream? (pp. 56 ‐58, Ch. 2 hwk Q#7)
  24. transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) 3. positron emission tomography (PET)
  25. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 4. functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
  26. Suppose a researcher intended to study people’s level of happiness by monitoring how often they smile or laugh when watching a movie. If this measurement does not really indicate level of happiness, psychologists would say that the data are not ___. (pp. 64 ‐65, Ch. 2 hwk Q#10, 2/1/13 lecture)
  27. systematic 2. reliable 3. valid 4. event related
  28. If a researcher publicly discussed a participant’s responses and named the participant, that researcher would be guilty of violating what specific ethical principle? (Ch. 2 hwk Q#9, pp. 60 ‐61)
  29. confidentiality 2. anonymity 3. privacy 4. deception