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BrO-^ hypobromite ClO -^ hypochlorite IO -^ hypoiodite BrO 2 -^ bromite ClO 2 -^ chlorite IO 2 -^ iodite BrO 3 -^ bromate ClO 3 -^ chlorate IO 3 -^ iodate BrO 4 -^ perbromate ClO 4 -^ perchlorate IO 4 -^ periodate
General Chemistry Nomenclature
Anions
Monoatomic Polyatomic
Cl -^ chloride OH -^ hydroxide F -^ fluoride PO 4 -3^ phosphate Br -^ bromide CN -^ cyanide I -^ iodide PO 3 -3^ phosphite O-2^ oxide HCO 3 -^ bicarbonate S -2^ sulfide HSO 4 -^ bisulfate H -^ hydride NO 3 -^ nitrate N-3^ nitride NO 2 -^ nitrite C -4^ carbide MnO 4 -^ permanganate C 2 H 3 O 2 -^ acetate O 2 -2^ peroxide C 2 O 4 -2^ oxalate CO 3 -2^ carbonate SO 4 -2^ sulfate SO 3 -2^ sulfite CrO 4 -2^ chromate Cr 2 O 7 -2^ dichromate
Cations
+1 Cations +2 Cations +3 Cations
H+^ hydrogen Be+2^ beryllium Al +3^ aluminum Li +^ lithium Mg+2^ magnesium Na+^ sodium Ca+2^ calcium K+^ potassium Sr+2^ strontium Rb+^ rubidium Ba+2^ barium Cs +^ cesium Zn+2^ zinc Ag+^ silver Cd+2^ cadmium NH 4 +^ ammonium
Cations with multiple oxidation states
Fe+2^ iron (II) or ferrous Pb+2^ lead (II) or plumbous Fe+3^ iron (III) or ferric Pb+4^ lead (IV) or plumbic
Cr+2^ chromium (II) or chromous Cu+1^ copper (I) or cuprous Cr+3^ chromium (III) or chromic Cu+2^ copper (II) or cupric
Sn+2^ tin (II) or stannous Hg+2^ mercury (II) or mercuric Sn+4^ tin (IV) or stannic Hg 2 +2^ mercury (I) or mercurous
Acids
HF
HCl HBr HI HCN H 2 S
hydrofluoric acid hydrochloric acid hydrobromic acid hydroiodic acid hydrocyanic acid hydrosulfuric acid
HNO 2
HNO 3
H 3 PO 4
H 2 SO 3
H 2 SO 4
HC 2 H 3 O 2
nitrous acid nitric acid phosphoric acid sulfurous acid sulfuric acid acetic acid H 2 CO 3 carbonic acid H 2 C 2 O 4 HClO
oxalic acid hypochlorous acid HClO 2 HClO 3 HClO 4
chlorous acid chloric acid perchloric acid
Rules for Naming Compounds
A. Binary Compounds Containing a Metal and a Nonmetal (ionic compounds)
- Name of cation is given first (same as name of element)
- Name of anion is given second i. Monoatomic anions end in –ide ii. Polyatomic ion names do not change B. Binary Compounds between Two Nonmetals (molecular compounds)
- Prefixes are used to specify the number of each atom present i.e. 1=mono, 2=di, 3=tri, 4=tetra, 5=penta, 6=hexa, 7=hepta, 8=octa
- If first atom is a single atom then prefix “mono’ is omitted
Rules for Writing Formulas
A. Ionic Compounds
- Sum of charges of all ions must equal zero i.e. total negative charge of all anions must cancel the total positive charge of all cations
- Use subscripts to indicate the presence of more than one ion
- Polyatomic ions must be in parentheses if subscripts are used.
