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Diphenhydramine HCl: Drug Profile and Administration Information, Exams of Nursing

Information on diphenhydramine hcl, a medication used for various indications including anaphylaxis and antiemetic purposes. Details on its mechanism of action, contraindications, adverse reactions, dosage, routes of administration, and special notes.

What you will learn

  • What are the adverse reactions associated with Diphenhydramine HCl?
  • What are the contraindications for using Diphenhydramine HCl?
  • What is the mechanism of action of Diphenhydramine HCl?

Typology: Exams

2021/2022

Uploaded on 09/12/2022

thecoral
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GD-038-PHS-EMS: Drug Profile for Diphenhydramine HCl
Page 1 of 2 1/99
GENERIC NAME: DIPHENHYDRAMINE HCl
112.10
BRAND NAME: Benadryl
CLASS: antihistamine; anticholinergic
Mechanism of Action:
Blocks cellular histamine receptors, but does not prevent histamine release; results in
decreased capillary permeability and decreased vasodilation, as well as prevention of
bronchospasm.
Has some anticholinergic effects.
Indications and Field Use:
Anaphylaxis (2nd line)
Phenothiazine reactions (extrapyramidal symptoms)
Antiemetic
Contraindications:
Known hypersensitivity to diphenhydramine or drugs of similar chemical structure.
Newborn or premature infants; nursing mothers.
Considerable caution in patients with glaucoma, acute narrow angle; stenosing or
obstructive diseases of the GI tract; bronchial asthma; hyperthyroidism; cardiovascular
disease or hypertension; age greater than 60 years (all relative benefit vs risk).
Adverse Reactions:
CV: Hypotension; palpitations; arrhythmias; hemolytic anemia.
Resp: Anaphylaxis; thickening of bronchial secretions, tightness in chest; wheezing;
nasal stuffiness.
CNS: Sedation; visual disturbances; seizures.
GU/GI: Urinary frequency or retention; vomiting.
Children: In children, may cause paradoxical CNS excitation, seizures, palpitations,
thickening of bronchial secretions.
NOTES ON ADMINISTRATION
Incompatibilities/Drug Interactions:
Additive effects with alcohol and other CNS depressants (hypnotics, sedatives,
tranquilizers, etc.).
MAO inhibitors prolong and intensify anticholinergic (drying) effects.
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GD-038-PHS-EMS: Drug Profile for Diphenhydramine HCl

Page 1 of 2 1/

GENERIC NAME: DIPHENHYDRAMINE HCl

BRAND NAME: Benadryl CLASS: antihistamine; anticholinergic

Mechanism of Action:

Blocks cellular histamine receptors, but does not prevent histamine release; results in decreased capillary permeability and decreased vasodilation, as well as prevention of bronchospasm. Has some anticholinergic effects.

Indications and Field Use:

Anaphylaxis (2nd line) Phenothiazine reactions (extrapyramidal symptoms) Antiemetic

Contraindications: Known hypersensitivity to diphenhydramine or drugs of similar chemical structure. Newborn or premature infants; nursing mothers. Considerable caution in patients with glaucoma, acute narrow angle; stenosing or obstructive diseases of the GI tract; bronchial asthma; hyperthyroidism; cardiovascular disease or hypertension; age greater than 60 years (all relative benefit vs risk).

Adverse Reactions:

CV: Hypotension; palpitations; arrhythmias; hemolytic anemia. Resp: Anaphylaxis; thickening of bronchial secretions, tightness in chest; wheezing; nasal stuffiness. CNS: Sedation; visual disturbances; seizures. GU/GI: Urinary frequency or retention; vomiting. Children: In children, may cause paradoxical CNS excitation, seizures, palpitations, thickening of bronchial secretions.

NOTES ON ADMINISTRATION

Incompatibilities/Drug Interactions:

Additive effects with alcohol and other CNS depressants (hypnotics, sedatives, tranquilizers, etc.). MAO inhibitors prolong and intensify anticholinergic (drying) effects.

GD-038-PHS-EMS: Drug Profile for Diphenhydramine HCl

Page 2 of 2 1/

Adult Dosage:

Anaphylaxis: 25-50 mg slow IV push or deep IM. Extrapyramidal symptoms and antiemetic: 10-50 mg IV or deep IM, dose should be individualized according to the needs and patient response.

Pediatric Dosage:

1.0 -1.25 mg/kg slow IV push May also be given deep IM

Routes of Administration:

IV, Deep IM

Onset of Action:

IV 5 - 10 minutes

Peak Effects:

1 hour

Duration of Action:

3-6 hours

Dosage Forms/Packaging:

50 mg/1 ml syringes and vials

Arizona Drug Box Supply Range:

PARAMEDIC: 1 - 2 units INTERMEDIATE: 1 - 2 units

Special Notes:

Not used in newborn or premature infants; used in pregnancy only if clearly needed. In anaphylaxis, used as a 2nd line treatment after epinephrine and steroids.