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GCSE Engineering Questions And Answers,
Correctly Answered.
Define strength - correct answer The ability of a material to resist and applied force Define tensile strength - correct answer The maximum pulling force a material can withstand before failure Define yield strength - correct answer A form of measuring tensile strength in which this is the amount of stress required to deform the material Define Ultimate Tensile Strength - correct answer The stress at which a material breaks Define compressive strength - correct answer The resistance of a material under a pushing force Define ductility - correct answer The ability to be pulled into thin wires Define torsional strength - correct answer The resistance of a twisting force Define Malleable - correct answer the ability of a solid to be hammered without shattering Define Hardness - correct answer a measure of the ability of a material to resist scratching Define toughness - correct answer the ability of a material to resist impact without breaking Define brittleness - correct answer the ability to break or shatter under stress Define stiffness - correct answer The ability to resist bending
Give an example of a strong material - correct answer Metal Give an example of a ductile material - correct answer Copper What happens to non-ductile materials when stretched? - correct answer They will break when a tensile force is applied Give an example of a malleable material - correct answer Wet clay Give an example of a non-malleable material - correct answer Dry clay What happens to objects with poor malleability? - correct answer They break or crack Give an example of a material with good hardness - correct answer Stainless steel Give an example of a material with poor hardness - correct answer Rubber Give an example of a tough material - correct answer Metal Give an example of a brittle material - correct answer Ceramics Give an example of a stiff material - correct answer Structural steel beams How can we calculate the stiffness of a material? - correct answer By calculating the Young's Modulus Define metal - correct answer A material typically made by processing an ore that has been mined or quarried Define ore - correct answer An oxide of a metal in the form of a rock
What are the properties of High-carbon steel? - correct answer - Strong and hard
- Not as tough as low-carbon steel
- Difficult to form What are the properties of Stainless steel? - correct answer - Strong and hard
- Difficult to machine
- Good corrosion resistance
- Relatively expensive What are the uses of cast iron? - correct answer Anvils, engineering vices, engine blocks What are the uses of low-carbon steel? - correct answer Nails and screws, car bodies What are the uses of High-carbon steel? - correct answer Saw blades, hammers, chisels What are the uses of stainless steel? - correct answer Cutlery, medical equipment, sinks Examples of Non-Ferrous metals - correct answer aluminium alloys/Copper/Brass/Bronze/Lead/Zinc Which non ferrous metal examples are pure metals? - correct answer Copper/Aluminium/Lead/Zinc What alloyed elements are in brass? - correct answer 65% Copper, 35% Zinc What alloyed elements are in Bronze? - correct answer 90% copper, 10% tin What are the properties of aluminium and its alloys? - correct answer - light, soft, ductile and malleable
- Good conductor of heat and electricity
- Corrosion-resistant
What are the properties of Copper? - correct answer - Malleable, ductile, tough
- Good conductor of heat and electricity
- Easily joined
- Corrosion resistant Define rusting - correct answer The corrosion of iron What are the properties of Brass? - correct answer - Corrosion resistant
- Good conductor of heat and electricity
- Easily joined
- Casts well What are the properties of Bronze? - correct answer - Tough and hardwearing
- Corrosion resistant What are the properties of Lead? - correct answer - Very soft and malleable
- Heaviest common metal
- Corrosion-resistant
- Low melting point
- Easy to work What are the properties of Zinc? - correct answer - Poor strength:weight ratio
- Low melting point
- Extremely corrosion resistant
- Easily worked What are the uses of Aluminium and its alloys? - correct answer Aircraft bodies, saucepans, cooking utensils, foil, cans
Define cold working - correct answer When a metal is not heated before work is done to it. This causes the grains to stretch out making them thinner and smaller Define work hardening - correct answer The process of increasing the strength and hardness of a metal due to cold working Define annealing - correct answer A heat treatment that makes a metal softer and easier to work with. This results in a metal that is tough with some ductility. It reduces hardness and increases ductility. Some materials can be rapidly cooled by quenching Define normalising - correct answer A heat treatment that results in metal that is tough with some ductility Define quenching - correct answer The rapid cooling of a hot metal by immersing it in a liquid often oil or brine Define tempering - correct answer A heat treatment to remove some brittleness in hardened steel at the cost of some hardness Define hardening - correct answer A heat treatment that increases the hardness and strength of a metal due to a change in the arrangement of atoms within it Define carburising - correct answer A type of hardening in which carbon is added to the surface of a low carbon steel to improve hardness and strength Define corrosion - correct answer A reaction between the surface of a material and its environment that eats away some of the material How can engineers reduce corrosion? - correct answer Applying a coating to the workpiece What are some example to reduce corrosion? - correct answer Painting, dip painting, plating
What are methods of heat treatment? - correct answer Annealing/Normalising/Quenching/Tempering/ Carburising/Hardening What happens during the process of annealing? - correct answer The size of the grain in the metal are increased to make the metal softer and easier to work with and bend What happens during the process of Normalising? - correct answer The metal is heated then cooled rapidly What happens during the process of quenching? - correct answer The hot metal is put in oil, brine or water to rapidly cool it What happens during the process of tempering? - correct answer The metal is heated then cooled slowly What happens during the process of carburising? - correct answer The workpiece is heated to red hot then dipped into carbon powder/packing the workpiece in charcoal granules then heating it/heating the workpiece in a special furnace that contains a carbon rich gas like CO. The product is often quenched after adding carbon Define a polymer - correct answer A material made from many smaller repeating units (monomers) bonded together. Define thermoplastic - correct answer Plastic that can be reheated and remoulded again. Define thermosetting polymers - correct answer A plastic that is unable to be reshaped when heated Which symbol represents Polyethylene Terephthalate? - correct answer Which symbol represents High Density Polyethlene? - correct answer
What are some examples of thermoplastics? - correct answer ABS/Polyethylene Teraphthalate/Acrylic/Nylon/Polycarbonate/Polysterene What are some examples of thermosetting plastics? - correct answer Epoxy/Polyester resin/Melamine resin/Polyurethane/Vulcanised rubber What are the properties of ABS? - correct answer - Strong and rigid
- Harder and tougher than polystyrene but roughly twice the cost What are the properties of Acrylic? - correct answer - Good optical properties (Transparent)
- Hard wearing and tough What are the properties of Nylon? - correct answer - Good resistance to wear
- Low friction qualities
- Ductile and durable What are the properties of Polycarbonate? - correct answer - High strength and toughness
- heat resistant
- Excellent dimensional and colour stability What are the properties of Polysterene? - correct answer - Insulator
- Good compressive strength What are the properties of Epoxy? - correct answer - High strength, stiff and brittle
- Excellent temperature, chemical and electrical resistance What are the properties of Polyethylene Teraphthalate? - correct answer - Flexible
- Unreactive
What are the properties of polyester resin? - correct answer - Good strength and stiffness
- Brittle
- Good heat, chemical and electrical resistance
- Lower costs than other resins What are the properties of melamine resin? - correct answer - Stiff, hard and strong
- Resistant to some chemicals and stains What are the properties of polyurethene? - correct answer - Hard with high strength
- Flexible and tough
- Low thermal conductivity What are the properties of Vulcanised rubber? - correct answer - High tensile strength
- Elastic
- Resistant to abrasion and swelling What are the uses of ABS? - correct answer Plastic pipes, childrens toys, keyboard key caps What are the uses of Acrylic? - correct answer Plastic windows, bath tubs, machine guards, hard hats What are the uses of nylon? - correct answer Gear wheels, bearings, stringed instruments What are the uses of polycarbonate? - correct answer Safety glases, DVDs, Exterior lighting fixtures What are the uses of polysterene? - correct answer Packing, foam cups What are the uses of Epoxy? - correct answer PCBs, Cast electrical insulators
Why is Polyurethane suitable for hoses? - correct answer It is flexible and tough Why is vulcanised rubber suitable for tyres and balls? - correct answer It is elastic and resistant to abrasion and swelling Define a composite - correct answer A mix of 2 or more different materials to form a new material with improved or new properties Define reinforcement - correct answer The particles or fibres within a composite matrix that increase its strength What is a key feature of a composite? - correct answer The materials are not chemically joined What are the two parts of composites? - correct answer The reinforcement and the matrix Define a matrix - correct answer The material that holds the reinforcement making it rigid What are some examples of a reinforcement? - correct answer Fibres and strands/layers of material - laminates or plies/particles If all the grain on a wood composite face upwards, which way is it strongest in? - correct answer Downwards or upwards If all the grain on a wood composite face upwards, which way is it weakest in? - correct answer Sides What are some examples of composites? - correct answer Carbon fibre(CRP)/Glass-reinforced plastic(GRP)/Plywood/Medium-density fibreboard/oriented strand board/structural concrete What is carbon fibre? - correct answer Carbon fibres in a resin matrix
What is glass reinforced plastic? - correct answer Glass fibres in a resin matrix What is plywood? - correct answer Layers of wood bonded at 90° to each other using adhesivece What is medium density fibreboard? - correct answer Manufactured from wood fibres and an adhesive matrix What are orientated strand boards? - correct answer Manufactured from strands of wood compressed with adhesive matrix What is structural concrete? - correct answer Concrete reinforced with steel bars What are some properties of carbon fibre? - correct answer - High strength
- Low density
- Expensive What are some properties of glass reinforced plastic? - correct answer - High strength
- Low density
- Lower cost than CRP but not as strong What are some properties of plywood? - correct answer - Smooth even surface with good strength
- May be covered in veneer What are some properties of medium density fibreboard? - correct answer - Smooth even surface with uniform properties
- Easily machined What are some properties of Oriented strand board? - correct answer - Similar to plywood but is more uniformed
- Lower cost
- Insulator
- Good compression strength
- Low tensile strength
- Brittle Why aren't ceramics recycled? - correct answer Their high requirements for temperature make it not cost-effective Define form - correct answer The shape and dimensions Define non-renewable - correct answer Energy sources that are consumed when they are used and will eventually run out Define renewable - correct answer Energy sources that can be used infinitely without running out Define fossil fuels - correct answer A fuel that is synthesised from decayed organisms many millions of years ago after being subject to high pressure and heat What are some examples of fossil fuels? - correct answer coal, oil, natural gas How are fossil fuels used to power electricity stations? - correct answer Furnaces burn the fuel to heat water which turns into steam that turns a turbine Define nuclear power - correct answer The use of radioactive substances to generate electricity. The isotope decays and releases energy as hear which turns water into steam which turns generators What is wind power? - correct answer power obtained by harnessing the energy of the wind. What is tidal power - correct answer Traps high tide and uses it to turn generators
What is hydroelectric power? - correct answer moving water drives electrical generators which are built inside dams What is biomass power? - correct answer The burning of organic materials to heat water to go into steam to turn a turbine What is solar power? - correct answer using the power of the sun through solar panels and converting it into electricity What are positives of fossil fuel energy? - correct answer - Reliable
- Quick start up time What are positives of nuclear energy? - correct answer - Produces a continuous supply of electricity at a low cost
- Can alter due to change in demands What are positives of wind energy? - correct answer - Produces electricity for a low cost What are positives of tidal power? - correct answer - More consistent than wind power What are positives of biomass energy? - correct answer - Sustainable
- Utilises waste What are positives of Solar power energy? - correct answer - Sustainable What are negatives of fossil fuel energy? - correct answer - Creates pollution and gases that contribute to global warming
- Prices will increase as they are used up What are negatives of nuclear energy? - correct answer - Harmful to environment if accidents occur
Define maintenance - correct answer The function of retaining material in or restoring it to a serviceable condition. Define Proactive maintenance - correct answer The act of preventing future need for maintenance Define reactive maintenance - correct answer repairing broken parts Examples of proactive maintenance - correct answer Lubrication /Protective coatings /Regular cleaning /adjusting the position of moving parts to compensate for wear /Replacing parts before they fail What could affect the availability of a material? - correct answer - A supplier has gone out of business
- Demand is greater than supply
- Limits on import such as trade laws or conflict Why might a different material be used as opposed to the proposed one? - correct answer - A client may want a certain aesthetic or property
- There is not a supply of the material
- A material might be cheaper
- A material might be more practical Define lubrication - correct answer The application of a fluid that reduces friction, making something run more smoothly Define sintering - correct answer The use of heat to convert a powder into a solid without it becoming a liquid Sintering: Method - correct answer A mould is filled with metal powder and high pressures are applied using an industrial press. The powder is heated to below melting point Sintering: What's happening? - correct answer The pressure and heat make the particles of metal powder fuse together - the higher the pressure and temperature, the stronger the final product
Sintering: why use sintering? - correct answer You can create solid products at temperatures below melting points of metals to create metal products from a variety of metal that would not be possible to form when in a molten state Define Rapid prototyping - correct answer The use of an additive manufacturing method to make a complete part or component in a single operation Rapid Prototyping: Method - correct answer A CAD software is created of the prototype and the machinery will produce the product. There are many forms of rapid prototyping including stereolithography and Fused deposition modelling Define Fused Deposition Modelling - correct answer A rapid prototyping process in which layer by layer of material is printed Define Stereolithography - correct answer A rapid prototyping process that uses a laser to build up polymer parts Fused Deposition Modelling: Method - correct answer This method is most commonly associated with 3D printing. The first layer of polymer is melted and deposited on the base by the printing head. The printing head raises and deposits the next layer. Deposition continues until the thickness of the product is achieved. This is a layer by layer process Define CAD - correct answer Computer Aided Design - The use of computer software to design a product Define Resin - correct answer A liquid form of polymer Stereolithography: Method - correct answer A movable platform is immersed in a tank of resin (liquid polymer). A laser then selectively hardens a part of the platform to create the polymer product. As each layer is completed, the platform is lowered down
