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galen pharm exam 2 questions with
complete solutions
Epinephrine therapeutic uses - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ rapid onset medication used in emergency to treat anaphylaxis, asthma, status asthmaticus, cardiac arrest S/E of Epinephrine - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ nausea,vomiting, agitation, sweating, HA, pallor, insomnia, weakness, dizziness, hypo/hyperglycemia, restlessness A/E of Epinephrine - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ palpitations, tachycardia,hypertension,dyspnea increased effects with TCAs & MAOIs Nursing Process with adrenegic agonist - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ notify MD if epi pen is needed more than 2x per week epi-pen is given in outer thigh subcutaneously, after massage injection cite for 10 seconds to promote absorption Atenolol therapeutic use - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ adverse reactions: bronchospasms contraindications: Heart block, bradycardia Atenolol side effects - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ Drowsiness, DZ, fainting, depression, weakness, N/V, diarrhea, cool extremities,erectile dysfunction, HA, fatigue Atenolol adverse effects - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ bradycardia, hypotension, HF, dyspnea, tachycardia
Atenolol contraindications/precautions - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ bronchoconstriction may occur- extreme caution with COPD and asthma DO NOT STOP ABRUPTLY Bethanechol Chloride therapeutic use - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ urinary retention & neurogenic bladder Bethanechol Chloride S/E - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ N&V, diarrhea, abd cramps, hypersalvation, diaphoresis, HA, dizziness, urinary frequency & urgency Bethanechol Chloride adverse - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ tachycardia, hypotension, life threatening= bronchospasm, wheezing contradicted: intestional/urinary obstruction, IBS, bradycardia, hypotension, COPD , asthma Pilocarpine - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ constrict pupils of the eyes promoting the Schlemm canal to promote draining of aqueous humor. used to treat glaucoma by relieving intraocular pressure Atropine therapeutic action - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ inhibits the action of acetylcholine increase HR, Bronchodilation, decrease secretions decrease motility, peristalsis, increase bladder constriction dilate pupils. decrease salivation and perspiration decrease tremor and rigidity Atropine Contraindications - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ Glaucoma Atropine uses - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ Decrease salivation, respiratory and GI secretions before surgery. increase heart rate when brady dilates pupils for eye exam
Tolcapone - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ -Mechanism: blocks conversion of dopamine to DOPAC by inhibiting central COMT -Use: Parkinson disease therapy monitor liver enzymes closely PROLONGS THE EFFECT OF LEVODOPA BY STOPPING LEVODOPA FROM WEARING OFF IN OTHER PARTS OF THE BODY Anti Parkinson's drug administration - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ administer on empty stomach or low protein foods eva;uation: decrease muscle rigidty Rivastigmine therapeutic use - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ increases cognitive function, slows disease process for early stages of alzheimers Rivastigmine side effects - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ anorexia, abd pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, weight loss, dizziness, HA, depression, confusion, dry mouth, dehydration Rivastigmine adverse effects - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ seizures, bradycardia, orthostatic hypotension, MI, cataracts, HF, hepatotoxicity, dysrythmias, SI MONITOR LIVER ENZYMES Pyridostigmine - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ Allows ach to move down the nerve controls the symptoms of Myasthenia gravis pyridostigmine "wet drug" - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ Atropine antidote Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril) "dry drug" - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ relieves muscles spasms SE: Like Anticholinergic effects Contradictions : Glaucome, diabetes, and heart disease
FOR SHORT TERM USE LESS THAN 3 WEEKS
Digoxin used for - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ HF, atrial fibrillation Digoxin inhibits - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ sodium-potassium ATPase, promoting increased force of cardiac contraction, cardiac output, tissue perfusion, decrease ventricular rate Digoxin side effects - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, Abd pain,* Has blurred yellow vision,** dizziness, weakness, confusion Digoxin adverse - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ bradycardia, palpitations cardiac dysrhythmias, thrombocytopenia, Pyridostigmine use - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ myasthenia gravis; increase muscle strength Pyridostigmine side effects - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ abdominal pain, confusion, depression, diarrhea blurred vision, Pryidostigmine adverse - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ hypertension, bradycardia, cardiac dysrythmias, seizures, Pyridostigmine nursing process - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ obtain drug hx, baseline vitals, signs & symptoms, teach compliance, take meds before meals Immunomodulators - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ Disease-modifying drugs used for treatment of relapse-remitting MS and secondary-progressive MS. Synthetic protein that simulates myelin basic protein. Reduce symptoms and decrease lesions
Adrenergic Antagonists "block running from the bear" - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ Decrease BP/ vasodilation decrease heart rate constrict bronchioles and increase secretions Cholinergic agonist "Similar to adrenergic antagonist" - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ Decrease BP/ vasodilation Decrease heart rate constrict bronchioles and increase secretions constrict pupils increase urinary contraction increase peristalsis increase salvation, perspiration and tears increase muscle tone Bethanecol - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ muscarinic agonist, treats urinary retention can cause orthostatic hypotension (rise slowly from a lying position to prevent hypotension) + GI obstruction Atropine is antidote Cholinergic Antagonists - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ increase heart rate decrease salivary secretions decrease Anticholinergics - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ avoid hot temps. inability to sweat or cool down Digoxin - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ slows down conduction of the heart. (slows down impulses in the AV node. USED IN HF + AFIB
Dig toxicity s/s - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ yellow/green halos n/v/d lethargy bradycardia se- peripheral edema, n/v/d+ anorexia Nitroglycerin - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ promote vasodilation. increase blood flow to myocardium. for unstable agina or MI MONITOR BP BEFORE AND AFTER ADMINISTRATION contraindicated in ED meds Diltiazem (Cardizem) - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ dilates arteries and slows down cardiac contractility. FOR VTACH AND V-FIB ( Allows heart to effectively reset for heart beat + allow SA node to kick back in ad- tremors, involuntary movements se- n/v/d + anorexia and visual disturbances Clopidogrel (Plavix) - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ Antiplatelet prophylactic- prevent thrombosis in the arteries se- HA, confusion monitor cbc h+h and lft Warfarin (Coumadin) mid level - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** ✔✔ prevents fibrin threads from forming and them becoming larger. AFIB, PE,DVT, AND UNSTABLE AGINA ad- purple toe syndrome, increase liver enzymes
