Download Galen College ADN Pharmacology Exam 3 (2025) questions and answers and more Exams Pharmacognosy in PDF only on Docsity!
Galen College ADN Pharmacology Exam
3 (2025) questions and answers
Loop Diuretic (name and indication) - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ Furosemide, Peripheral Edema Loop Diuretic (Furosemide) SE/Adverse - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ Nausea, dizziness, electrolyte imbalance, muscle cramping, blurred vision; Hypokalemia, orthostatic hypotension, hyperglycemia, hearing loss Loop Diuretic (Furosemide) Considerations/Contraindications - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ Monitor electrolyte status, educate on s/s of hypokalemia, hyperglycemia. Contraindicated in patients with Sulfa allergy. Caution with diabetic patients, HF patients, hearing impaired Potassium Sparing Diuretic (name and indication) - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ Spironolactone, Edema Potassium Sparing Diuretic (Spironolactone) SE/Adverse - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ Headache, muscle cramps, weakness, dizziness, GI discomfort; Pulmonary Edema, Hypertension, HF, ascites Potassium Sparing Diuretic (Spironolactone) Considerations/Contraindications - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ Monitor serum potassium, teach patient s/s of hyperkalemia. Contraindicated in patients with liver disease and renal dysfunction Thiazide Diuretic (name and indication) - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ Hydrochlorothiazide, Hypertension
Thiazide Diuretic (Hydrochlorothiazide) SE/Adverse - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ Dizziness, headache, weakness, photosensitivity, muscle cramps; Orthostatic hypotension, severe hypokalemia, hyponatremia Thiazide Diuretic (Hydrochlorothiazide) Considerations/ Contraindications - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ Monitor serum potassium level, Monitor liver and renal function. Contraindicated for patients with DM, and hx of hypotension Osmotic Diuretic (name and indication) - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ Mannitol, Cerebral Edema/ Intracranial Pressure Osmotic Diuretic (Mannitol) SE/Adverse - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ Headache, blurred vision, dry mouth electrolyte imbalance; Pulmonary edema, blood pressure, Renal failure Osmotic Diuretic (Mannitol) Considerations/Contraindications - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ Use extreme caution in HF patients. Monitor I & O for therapeutic response, Monitor vital signs for therapeutic response Alpha Adrenergic Blocker (name and indication) - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ Prazosin, Hypertension Alpha Adrenergic Blocker (Prazosin) SE/Adverse - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ Dizziness, blurred vision, headache, weakness, tinnitus; Orthostatic hypotension Palpitations, elevated liver enzymes Alpha Adrenergic Blocker (Prazosin) Considerations/Contraindications - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ Teach patient to change positions slowly, monitor liver enzymes, monitor I & O and edema in lower extremities. Teach patient importance of checking BP at home and daily weights. Calcium Channel Blocker (name and indication) - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ Amlodipine, Hypertension
ACE Inhibitor (name/indication) - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ Lisinopril, Hypertension ACE Inhibitor (Lisinopril) SE/Adverse - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ Headache, dizziness, Nagging cough; Hypotension, syncope, hyperkalemia ACE Inhibitor (Lisinopril) Considerations/Contraindications - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ Teach patient s/s of hyperkalemia, to check B/P and HR prior to taking medication. Notify the physician of nagging cough develops may need to change to ARB. Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker (name/indication) - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ Valsartan, Hypertension Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker (Valsartan) SE/Adverse - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ Dizziness, drowsiness, blurred vision, fatigue; Renal dysfunction, Orthostatic hypotension, elevated liver enzyme, hyperkalemia rhabdomyolysis Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker (Valsartan) Considerations/Contraindications - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ Monitor renal function, monitor liver enzymes, monitor vital signs. Teach patient to change positions slowly. Antituberculer (Rifampin) indication - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ Used with Isoniazid for multi drug therapy to treat TB Antituberculer (Rifampin) SE/Adverse - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ Changes body fluids orange, permanently discolors contact lenses, GI upset; Hepatotoxicity, renal dysfunction Antituberculer (Rifampin) Considerations/Contraindications - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ Monitor, liver enzymes, renal function, have vision and hearing checked.
Antitubercular (Isoniazid) Indication - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ Latent TB infection Antitubercular (Isoniazid) SE/Adverse - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ Drowsiness, tremors, dry mouth, GI discomfort, rash; Peripheral neuropathy, Vit B6 deficiency, psychotic behavior, Hepatotoxicity Antitubercular (Isoniazid) Considerations/Contraindications - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ Contraindicated in liver disease, renal dysfunction, alcoholism. Monitor renal function, monitor liver enzymes. Teach patient to take 1 hours before or 2 hours after meals. Take on empty stomach Adrenergic Agonist (name/indication) - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ Pseudoephedrine, Nasal decongestant, rhinitis, common cold Adrenergic Agonist (Pseudoephedrine) SE/Adverse - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ Headache, restlessness, insomnia, GI distress; Hypertension, tachycardia, photosensitivity, palpitations Adrenergic Agonist (Pseudoephedrine) Considerations/Contraindications - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ Contraindicated in patients with hypertension, cardiac dysrhythmia. Decongestant (name/indication) - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ Oxymetazoline HCL; Nasal congestion Decongestant (Oxymetazoline HCL) SE/Adverse - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ Nasal irritation, dry nasal mucosa; Rebound congestion Decongestant (Oxymetazoline HCL) Considerations/Contraindications - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ Teach patient do not use more than 3 days. Contraindicated for patients with hypertension, DM, hyperthyroidism.
Expectorant Expectorant (Guaifenesin) SE/Adverse - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ Dizziness, drowsiness, irritability; Psychosis, respiratory depression Expectorant (Guaifenesin) Considerations/Contraindications - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ Teach patients to increase fluids up to 8 glasses of H20 per day to help loosen secretions. Educate patients on the use of OTC and self-medicating. Teach patients to notify MD if symptoms worsen. Glucocorticoid Intranasal (Name/indication) - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ Fluticasone; Used for allergic rhinitis with an anti-inflammatory action. Sneezing, congestion Glucocorticoid Intranasal (Fluticasone) SE/Adverse - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ Headache, epistaxis, GI distress; Dystonia, candidiasis Glucocorticoid Intranasal (Fluticasone) Considerations/Contraindications - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ Teach patients to use to 1 spray daily. Beta 2 Adrenergic Agonist-Bronchodilator (name/indication) - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ Albuterol; Asthma Beta 2 Adrenergic Agonist-Bronchodilator (Albuterol) SE/Adverse - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ Nervousness, tremors, increased heart rate; Tachycardia, hypertension, hyperglycemia Beta 2 Adrenergic Agonist-Bronchodilator (Albuterol) Considerations/Contraindications - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ Caution in patients with cardiac dysfunction, diabetes, anxiety, and hyperthyroidism
Educate patient on how to properly use MDI. Anticholinergic (name/indication) - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ Tiotropium; Used for the maintenance treatment of bronchospasm in patients with COPD Anticholinergic (Tiotropium) SE/Adverse - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ Dry mouth, constipations, dyspepsia, urinary retention; Angioedema, hyperglycemia, chest pain Anticholinergic (Tiotropium) Considerations/Contraindications - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ Caution in patients with lactose intolerance, glaucoma, renal impairment. Glucocorticoid & Beta Agonist (name/indication) - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ Fluticasone, Propionate, and Salmeterol; Used for Asthma and COPD to decrease inflammation and constriction in the lungs Glucocorticoid & Beta Agonist SE/Adverse - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ Headache, nausea, vomiting; Musculoskeletal pain, oral infections Glucocorticoid & Beta Agonist Considerations/Contraindications - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ Teach patients how to take this medication, teach patients to perform good oral care after each use. Leukotriene Modifier (name/indication) - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ Montelukast; Used for asthma, allergic rhinitis. Used for exercise induced bronchospasm
Vitamin D Analogue (name/indication) - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ Calcitrol; Hypocalcemia, parathyroid disorder Vitamin D Analogue (Calcitrol) SE/Adverse - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ Hypercalcemia, fatigue, weakness, GI distress; Anorexia, photophobia, dehydration Vitamin D Analogue (Calcitrol) Considerations/Contraindications - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ Contraindicated in renal failure and cardiovascular disease. Monitor calcium level for therapeutic effect Glucocorticoid (name/indication) - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ Prednisone; Adrenal Insufficiency Glucocorticoid (Prednisone) SE/Adverse - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ Fluid and sodium retention, GI upset, mood changes, flushing, increased appetite; Increased blood glucose levels, cardiac dysfunction, GI bleed Glucocorticoid (Prednisone) Considerations/Contraindications - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ Contraindicated in patients with DM, renal dysfunction, MI, seizures. Long term use can lead to immune suppression and inflammatory response. Monitor blood glucose levels, weights and Cushing's syndrome Mineralocorticoid (name/indication) - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ Fludrocortisone; Given to supplement corticoids to help treat Addison's Disease Mineralocorticoid (Fludrocortisone) SE/Adverse - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ Weakness, anorexia; hypokalemia
Mineralocorticoid (Fludrocortisone) Considerations/Contraindications - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ Monitor patients with cardiac disease. Educate patients on dietary considerations and encourage food high in potassium Short Acting Insulin - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ Regular (sliding scale insulin) Rapid Acting Insulin - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ Lispro (must have food in front of them upon administration) Intermediate Acting Insulin - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ NPH (cloudy) Long Acting Insulin - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ Glargine (administered at bedtime) Short Acting Insulin (onset, peak, duration) - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ onset: 30min, peak: 2.5-5hours, duration: 4-12hours Rapid Acting Insulin (onset, peak, duration) - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ onset: 15-30min peak:30-90 min duration: 3-5hours Intermediate Acting Insulin (onset, peak, duration) - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ onset: 1-2hours peak: 4-12hours duration: 14-24hours Long Acting Insulin (onset, peak, duration) - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ onset: 1-1.5 hours peak: none duration: 24hours
Biguanide (Metformin) SE/Adverse - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ Metallic taste, GI upset, weakness and wt. loss; Lactic acidosis, Vit. B 12 deficiency, hypoglycemia Biguanide (Metformin) Considerations/Contraindications - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ Teach patient to hold medication 24-48 hours before and after contrast. Incretin mimetics (name/indications) - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ Exenatide; Used to enhance insulin secretion and suppress glucose secretion Incretin mimetics (Exenatide) SE/Adverse - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ Headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting; Renal disfunction Incretin mimetics (Exenatide) Considerations/Contraindications - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ Teach patient to administer via injectable pen 2x daily. Has proven to improve A1C hgb levels Hyperglycemic Hormone (name/indication) - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ Glucagon; Used to treat hypoglycemia Hyperglycemic Hormone (Glucagon) SE/Adverse - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ Blurred vision, dizziness, headache, confusion; Seizures, nightmares, anxiety Hyperglycemic Hormone (Glucagon) Considerations/Contraindications - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS ** โโ Teach family to know s/s of hypoglycemia. Teach family how to administer medication
