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Fundamentals of Nursing - Test #1 IvyTech
Questions With Complete Solutions
Autonomy the right to make ones own personal decisions, even when those decisions might not be in their best interest Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) Assists nursing programs in preparing nurses to provide safe, high-quality care six QSEN competencies Safety, Patient centered care, evidence based practice, informatics, quality improvement, teamwork and collaboration. QSEN: Safety Minimize risk of harm to patients and providers through both system effectiveness and individual performance. QSEN Patient Centered Care Recognize the patient or designee as the source of control and full partner in providing compassionate and coordinated care based on respect for patient's preferences, values, and needs. QSEN: Evidence-Based Practice
use best current evidence clinical and patient preferences and values for delivery of optimal care. QSEN: Informatics the use of information technology as a communication and information-gathering tool that supports clinical decision- making and scientifically based nursing practice QSEN: Quality Improvement Use data to monitor the outcomes of care processes and use improvement methods to design and test changes to continuously improve the quality and safety of health care systems. QSEN: Teamwork and Collaboration Function effectively within nursing and inter-professional teams, fostering open communication, mutual respect, and shared decision-making to achieve quality patient care. primary health care Keep patient well by promoting health and preventing disease. Secondary health care the diagnosis and treatment of emergency, acute illness, or injury. examples include care given in hospital settings (inpatient and EDs), diagnostic centers, or emergent care centers Tertiary Health Care
promote attaining full potential for health and well-being for all. Promote healthy development, healthy behaviors and well-being across all life stages. Engage leadership, key constituents, and the public across multiple sectors to take action and design policies that improve the health and well-being of all. Health A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being Holistic care health care that takes into account the whole person interacting in the environment Wellness active state of being healthy, including living a lifestyle that promotes positive physical, mental, and emotional health. Illness The body's response to disease; when the body's function is impaired or altered from its previous homeostatic state. License practical nurse Work under the supervision of RN, assist with the plan of care, consult with other team members, possess technical knowledge and skills, participate in nursing care
Registered Nurse A nurse who has completed a 2-, 3-, or 4-year nursing program and has passed a licensing test, works legally under state nurse practice art, preforms assessments, establish nursing diagnosis, goals, and interventions, lead team member Beneficenece action that promotes good for others without any self-interest Fidelity fulfillment of promises Justice fairness in care delivery and use of resources Nonmaleficence a commitment to do no harm Vereacity a commitment to tell the truth evidence-based practice (ebp) Use scientific data, blends clinical judgement and expertise, research, client characteristics, and preference. The goals of EBP is to identify the most effective and cost efficient treatment for a disease/problem/condition.
A type of physical assessment that is typically performed on patients who have sustained nonsignificant mechanisms of injury or on responsive medical patients. This type of examination is based on the chief complaint and focuses on one body system or part. emergency assessment rapid focused assessment conducted to determine potentially fatal situations follow up assessment assessment immediately after treatment or intervention is the post-treatment assessment; any point beyond that is considered a follow-up assessment. You must consider: what measures will be used, where the assessment will be conducted, who will provide the data or serve as an informant, and what can be done to increase the likelihood subjects will participate in/complete follow-up. Inspection Involves examining items to see if an item is good or defective same going with a patient, and is ongoing Palpation the use of touch to determin the size, consistency, texture, temp, location, and tenderness of the skin, underlying tissues, an organ, or a body part
Dorsal Surface most sensitive to temperature palmar surface and base of fingers sensitive to vibration Fingertips sensitive to pulsation, position, texture, turgor, size and consistency fingers and thumb useful for grasping an organ or mass Percussion tapping on a surface to determine the difference in the density of the underlying structure direct percussion striking the body to elicit sounds indirect percussion placing a hand flatly on the body, as the striking surface, for sound production fist percussion helps identify tenderness over the kidneys, liver, and gallbladder Auscultation
99.5 F
37.5 C
temporal temperature 98.6 F (37 C) Afebrile without fever Febrile fever Pyrexia another term for fever Pyrogens substances that cause fever Hyperpyrexia
or equal to 106 f Hypothermia abnormally low body temperature Apical pulse pulse taken with a stethoscope and near the apex of the heart Normal Pulse Rate
60-100 bpm Trachycardia fast heart rate Bradycardia slow heart rate Normal respiration rate 12-20 breaths per minute Normal BP Systolic < Diastolic < Elevated BP 120-129/< Stage 1 hypertension 130-139/80- Stage 2 hypertension greater than or equal to 140/ greater than or equal to 90 WHO (World Health Organization) defines health as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity Joint Commission
Types of data subjective, objective, primary, secondary Subjective data what the pt. says Objective data information that is seen, heard, felt, or smelled by an observer; signs Primary data obtained directly from the client Secondary data obtained secondhand; by another person or record Compare and contrast health, wellness, and illness waxes and wanes due to these factors: Biological- healthy genes; freedom from debilitating states Nutrition- diet can influence disease (DM/heart disease) Physical- physical activity reduces risk of chronic disease Sleep and Rest- sleep is good for mental health and produces growth hormones which assist in synthesis of bone, formation of red blood cells
Meaningful work- helps cope with stress (Hobbies, volunteering, pleasurable activities) life style- healthy people/ stay away from bad habits Family relationships- when illness occurs some prefer to be independent and pride themselves on not asking for help but support is crucial Culture- affects experience of illness 2 ways; Response to illness and influence decisions, behavior, and perception of ones self Religion- beliefs and practices influence health choices Environment- either help or hurt health (pollutants) Finances- health insurance can dictate what you have access to Sources of ethical and legal standards Professional- competency- do no harm standards of practice ANA/NLN/ Joint Comission/ NPA *what would a reasonable and careful nurse do Laws and Liabilities Purpose of Laws
self-talk that can be positive or negative theraputic communication patient-centered goal inter vs intra used to establish relationship with patient and family uses empathy, respect, genuineness, concreteness(understanding), confrontation(confront patient for clarification on thoughts) see: preinteraction, orientation, working, termination Preinteraction (therapeutic comm) gather info prior to patient contact Orientation Introduce self to patient and establish trust Working communicate caring, clarify feelings and concerns Termination concludes relationship with patient (discharge/ end of shift)
