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A set of practice questions and answers related to fundamental nursing concepts. It covers various topics including clinical reasoning, infection control, body mechanics, healthcare systems, and nursing history. The questions are designed to test knowledge of basic nursing principles and terminology.
Typology: Exams
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1gr=___mg |- |correct |answer |-✔60mg
1gtt=___M |- |correct |answer |-✔1M
1mL=____M |- |correct |answer |-✔15M
1oz=____mL |- |correct |answer |-✔30mL
1 |cup=_____oz |- |correct |answer |-✔8oz
1mg=_____mcg |- |correct |answer |-✔1000mcg
1mL=____gtt |- |correct |answer |-✔15gtt
1qt=______mL |- |correct |answer |-✔1000mL
1gal=_____qt |- |correct |answer |-✔4qt
1cup=_____mL |- |correct |answer |-✔240mL
1kg=_____lb |- |correct |answer |-✔2.2lb
1kg=_____g |- |correct |answer |-✔1000g
Clinical |Reasoning |- |correct |answer |-✔a |specific |term |usually |referring |to |ways |of |thinking |about |patient |care |issues |(determining, |preventing, |and |managing |patient |problems); |for |reasoning |about |other |clinical |issues |(e.g., |teamwork, |collaboration, |and |streamlining |work |flow); |nurses |usually |use |critical |thinking
Clinical |Judgement |- |correct |answer |-✔refers |to |the |result |(outcome) |of |critical |thinking |or |clinical |reasoning; |the |conclusion, |decision, |or |opinion |a |nurse |makes
Pathogens |- |correct |answer |-✔Disease |causing |microorganisms
Infection |- |correct |answer |-✔Contamination |or |invasion |of |body |tissue |by |pathogenic |organisms
Six |Components |of |Infection |Cycle |- |correct |answer |-✔-Infectious |Agent
-Reservoir
-Portal |of |Exit
-Means |of |Transmission
-Portals |of |Entry
-Susceptible |Host
Virulence |- |correct |answer |-✔ability |to |produce |disease
Endemic |- |correct |answer |-✔native |or |confined |to |a |particular |region |or |people
Stages |of |Infection |- |correct |answer |-✔-Incubation |period
-Prodromal |stage
Fibrous |Joints |- |correct |answer |-✔immovable |(skull)
Cartilaginous |Joints |- |correct |answer |-✔allow |only |slight |movement |and |consist |of |bones |connected |entirely |by |cartilage
Synovial |Joint |- |correct |answer |-✔freely |movable |joint
Labyrinthine |Sense |- |correct |answer |-✔the |sensory |organs |in |the |inner |ear |provide |this |sense |of |position, |orientation, |and |movement
Proprioceptor |or |Kinesthetic |Sense |- |correct |answer |-✔This |informs |the |brain |of |the |location |of |a |limb |or |body |part |as |a |result |of |joint |movements |stimulating |special |nerve |endings |in |muscles, |tendons, |and |fascia.
Visual |or |Optic |Reflexes |- |correct |answer |-✔visual |impressions |contribute |to |posture |by |alerting |the |person |to |spatial |relationships |with |the |environment
Extensor |or |Stretch |Reflexes |- |correct |answer |-✔when |extensor |muscles |are |stretched |beyond |a |certain |point, |their |stimulation |causes |a |reflex |contraction |that |aids |a |person |to |reestablish |erect |posture
Ergonomics |- |correct |answer |-✔the |study |of |the |human |factors |that |affect |the |design |and |operation |of |tools |and |the |work |environment
Medicare |- |correct |answer |-✔A |federal |program |of |health |insurance |for |persons | 65 |years |of |age |and |older
Medicaid |- |correct |answer |-✔Federal |program |that |provides |medical |benefits |for |low- income |persons.
Preventive |Health |Care |- |correct |answer |-✔focuses |on |educating |and |equipping |clients |to |reduce |and |control |risk |factors |of |disease. |Examples |include |immunizations, |stress |management |programs, |and |seat |belt |use
Primary |Health |Care |- |correct |answer |-✔emphasizes |health |promotion, |and |includes |prenatal |and |well-baby |care, |nutrition |counseling, |and |disease |control. |is |based |on |a |sustained |partnership |between |client |and |provider. |examples |include |office |or |clinic |visits |and |scheduled |school/work |centered |screenings |(vision, |hearing, |obesity)
Secondary |Health |Care |- |correct |answer |-✔includes |the |diagnosis |and |treatment |of |emergency, |acute |illness, |or |injury. |examples |include |care |given |in |hospital |settings |(inpatient |and |EDs), |diagnostic |centers, |or |emergent |care |centers
Tertiary |Health |Care |- |correct |answer |-✔involves |the |provision |of |specialized |highly |technical |care. |examples |include |oncology |centers |and |burn |centers
Restorative |Health |Care |- |correct |answer |-✔involves |intermediate |follow-up |care |for |restoring |health. |examples |include |home |health |care, |rehab |centers, |and |skilled |nursing |facilities
Continuing |Health |Care |- |correct |answer |-✔addresses |long-term |or |chronic |health |care |needs |over |a |period |of |time
Medical |Asepsis |- |correct |answer |-✔practices |designed |to |reduce |the |number |and |transfer |of |pathogens; |synonym |for |clean |technique
Surgical |Asepsis |- |correct |answer |-✔techniques |used |to |destroy |all |pathogenic |organisms, |also |called |sterile |technique
Primary |Prevention |- |correct |answer |-✔Efforts |to |prevent |an |injury |or |illness |from |ever |occurring.
(Immunizations, |car |seat |education, |nutrition, |health |education, |etc.)
Secondary |Prevention |- |correct |answer |-✔Focuses |on |identifying |illness, |providing |treatment, |and |conducting |activities |that |help |prevent |a |worsening |health |status |
(Communicable |disease |screening, |early |detection, |exercise |programs |for |older |adults, |etc.)
Tertiary |Prevention |- |correct |answer |-✔-aims |to |prevent |the |long-term |consequences |of |a |chronic |illness |or |disability |and |to |support |optimal |functioning
-examples: |prevention |of |pressure |ulcers |as |complication |of |a |spinal |cord |injury; |promoting |independence |for |the |client |who |has |traumatic |brain |injury
Systemic |- |correct |answer |-✔affecting |the |entire |body
Classes |of |fire |extinguishers |- |correct |answer |-✔A: |for |paper, |wood, |upholstery, |rags, |or |other |types |of |trash |fires
B: |for |flammable |liquids |or |gas |fires
C: |electrical |fires
ABCDE |Principle |- |correct |answer |-✔Used |as |a |guide |during |primary |survey |and |emergency |care
A |= |airway/cervical |spine
B |= |breathing
C |= |circulation
D |= |Disability
E |= |Exposure
Primary |Survey |- |correct |answer |-✔Initial |assessment |to |determine |the |presence |of |a |life- threatening |injury.
Abduction |and |Adduction |- |correct |answer |-✔
Circumduction |- |correct |answer |-✔EX: |moving |the |arm |in |a |circle |around |the |shoulder
Flexion |- |correct |answer |-✔bending |a |joint
Extension |- |correct |answer |-✔Straightening |of |a |joint
Dorsiflexion |- |correct |answer |-✔Backward |flexion, |as |in |bending |backward |either |a |hand |or |foot
Plantar |Flexion |- |correct |answer |-✔bending |of |the |sole |of |the |foot |by |curling |the |toes |toward |the |ground
Smooth |Muscles |- |correct |answer |-✔located |in |the |walls |of |internal |organs |such |as |the |digestive |tract, |blood |vessels, |and |ducts |leading |from |glands
isotonic |exercise |- |correct |answer |-✔activity |that |combines |muscle |contraction |with |repeated |movement
isometric |exercise |- |correct |answer |-✔an |exercise |in |which |muscles |contract |but |very |little |body |movement |takes |place
isokenetic |exercise |- |correct |answer |-✔activity |that |involves |resistance |through |an |entire |range |of |motion
I |- |Intervention, |or |range |of |interventions |of |interest |(exposure |to |disease, |risk |behavior, |education) |
C |- |What |will |you |compare |the |intervention |against? |(no |disease, |absence |of |risk |factors, |placebo |or |no |intervention)
O |- |Outcome |of |interest |(risk |of |disease, |rates |of |occurrence |of |adverse |outcomes, |accuracy |of |diagnosis) |
T |- |Time |it |takes |for |intervention |to |achieve |the |outcome |(selected |to |observe |the |population |or |problem/condition)
Morbitity |- |correct |answer |-✔a |diseased |state, |disability |or |poor |health |due |to |any |cause
Mortality |- |correct |answer |-✔death |rate
The |Human |Dimensions |- |correct |answer |-✔Physical, |Emotional, |Intellectual, |Environmental, |Sociocultural, |Spiritual
Wellness |- |correct |answer |-✔an |overall |state |of |well-being |or |total |health
Exacerbation |- |correct |answer |-✔increase |in |the |severity |of |a |disease |or |its |symptoms
Acute |illness |- |correct |answer |-✔A |sudden |illness |from |which |a |person |is |expected |to |recover
Common |Chronic |Diseases |- |correct |answer |-✔-Heart |disease
-Hypertension
-Diabetes
-Rheumatoid |Arthritis
-Alzheimer's
Physical |Dimension |- |correct |answer |-✔genetic |inheritance, |age, |developmental |level, |race, |and |gender
Emotional |Dimension |- |correct |answer |-✔how |the |mind |affects |body |function |and |responds |to |body |conditions
Intellectual |Dimension |- |correct |answer |-✔cognitive |abilities, |educational |background, |and |past |experiences
Environmental |Dimension |- |correct |answer |-✔housing, |sanitation, |climate, |pollution |of |air, |food, |and |water
Nursing |Interventions |for |Integumentary |- |correct |answer |-✔-Identify |risk |for |pressure |injury
-Position |using |corrective |devices
-Limit |sitting |in |chair |to | 1 |hour
-Monitor |nutritional |intake
Respiratory |Assessment |(q2h) |- |correct |answer |-✔-Observe |chest |wall |movement
-Auscultate |lungs |and |identify |diminished |breath |sounds, |crackles, |wheezes
-Observe |for |productive |cough---noting |color, |amount, |and |consistency |of |secretions
Respiratory-Client |Education |- |correct |answer |-✔-Turn, |cough, |and |breathe |deeply |every |1- 2hours |while |awake
-Yawn |every |hour |while |awake
-Use |spirometer
-Consume |at |least |2,000 |mL |fluid |per |day
Cardiovascular-Nursing |Actions |- |correct |answer |-✔-Increase |activity |as |soon |as |possible
Cane |Instructions |- |correct |answer |-✔-Maintain |two |points |of |support |on |the |ground |at |all |times.
-Keep |the |cane |on |the |stronger |side |of |the |body.
-Support |body |weight |on |both |legs, |move |the |cane |forward | 6 |to | 10 |inches, |then |move |the |weaker |leg |forward |toward |the |cane.
-Next, |advance |the |stronger |leg |past |the |cane
Crutch |Instructions |- |correct |answer |-✔-Do |not |alter |crutches |after |fitting.
-Follow |the |prescribed |crutch |gait.
-Support |body |weight |at |the |hand |grips |with |the |elbows |flexed |at |30°.
-Place |crutches |15cm |in |front |of |and |15cm |to |the |side |of |each |foot |
-Position |the |crutches |on |the |unaffected |side |when |sitting |or |rising
from |a |chair.
Developmental- |Assessment |(Infancy |through |school |age) |- |correct |answer |-✔-Gross |motor |skills, |intellectual, |and |musculoskeletal |development
-Body |alignment |and |posture
-Developmental |tasks |specific |to |age
Developmental-Nursing |Actions |(Infancy |through |school |age) |- |correct |answer |-✔-Implement |activities |that |stimulate |physical |and |psychosocial |systems-increase |mobility
-Teach |families |that |their |perception |of |immobility |can |affect |progress |and |ability |to |cope
-Encourage |involvement, |if |age-appropriate, |in |care
Developmental-Assessment |(Adolescents) |- |correct |answer |-✔-Growth |and |development |specific |to |age
-Level |of |independence |
-Social |activities
Developmental-Nursing |Actions |(Adolescents) |- |correct |answer |-✔-Initiate |care |that |facilitates |independence |
-Involve |them |in |decision-making |for |ADL's
-Provide |stimuli |to |promote |socialization
Developmental-Assessment |(Adults) |- |correct |answer |-✔-All |physical |systems
-Family |relationships
-Social |status
-Meaning |of |career/job
Developmental-Nursing |Actions |(Adults) |- |correct |answer |-✔-Provide |care |that |promotes |activity |of |all |systems
-Discuss |social |involvements |
-Discuss |meaning |of |career/job
Developmental-Assessment |(Older |Adults) |- |correct |answer |-✔-Balance
-Coordination |
-Gait
-Functional |Status
-Level |of |independence |
-Social |isolation
Developmental-Nursing |Actions |(Older |Adults) |- |correct |answer |-✔-Plan |care |with |clients |and |families |to |increase |independence |with |ADL's |and |decision |making
-Teach |staff |to |encourage |independence |
-Provide |stimuli |(Paper, |TV, |etc.)
-Very |young, |very |old, |immunicompromised, |and |pregnant |individuals |are |at |higher |risk
-Avoid |products |made |from |unpasteurized |dairy |or |meat |spreads |and |uncooked |eggs
Bleeding-Nursing |Actions |- |correct |answer |-✔-Identify |external |bleeding |and |apply |pressure
-DO |NOT |removed |impaled |objects-stabilize |them
Sprains |- |correct |answer |-✔RICE:
-REFRAIN |from |weight-bearing
-Apply |ICE |to |decrease |inflammation
-Apply |a |COMPRESSION |dressing |for |swelling
-ELEVATE |the |affected |limb
Heat |Stroke |- |correct |answer |-✔-Temp |greater |than |104'F |or |40'C
-Symptoms |include: |hot, |dry |skin, |hypotension, |tachypnea, |tachycardia, |anxiety, |seizures, |coma
-Remove |clothing-Place |ice |packs |on |major |arteries, |wet |clients |body |and |fan
Altitude-related |illness |- |correct |answer |-✔Expected |Findings: |Throbbing |headache, |nausea, |vomiting, |dyspnea, |anorexia
Interventions: |Administer |oxygen, |descend |to |lower |altitude, |promote |rest
Semi-Fowler's |Position |- |correct |answer |-✔-Typically |30degrees
-Prevents |regurgitation |of |enteral |feedings |and |aspiration |
-Promotes |lung |expansion
Fowler's |- |correct |answer |-✔-45-60 |degrees
-Used |during |procedures |(nasogastric |tube |insertion |and |suctioning)
High |Fowler's |- |correct |answer |-✔60-90 |degrees
supine |or |dorsal |recumbent |position |- |correct |answer |-✔-client |lies |on |his |back |with |head |and |shoulders |elevated |on |a |pillow; |client's |forearms |may |be |placed |on |pillows |or |placed |at |side; |foot |support |prevents |foot |drop |and |maintains |proper |alignment
Prone |Position |- |correct |answer |-✔lying |face |down
Sims' |Position |- |correct |answer |-✔a |side-lying |position |with |the |lowermost |arm |behind |the |body |and |the |uppermost |leg |flexed
Orthopenic |Position |- |correct |answer |-✔Client |sits |in |bed |or |at |the |bedside |with |a |pillow |on |the |overbed |table, |which |is |across |clients |lap. |They |rest |arms |on |overbed |table
-Beneficial |for |clients |with |COPD