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Fundamentals of Nursing PN Exam 1 with
verified answers
1gr=___mg |- |correct |answer |-✔60mg
1gtt=___M |- |correct |answer |-✔1M
1mL=____M |- |correct |answer |-✔15M
1oz=____mL |- |correct |answer |-✔30mL
1 |cup=_____oz |- |correct |answer |-✔8oz
1mg=_____mcg |- |correct |answer |-✔1000mcg
1mL=____gtt |- |correct |answer |-✔15gtt
1qt=______mL |- |correct |answer |-✔1000mL
1gal=_____qt |- |correct |answer |-✔4qt
1cup=_____mL |- |correct |answer |-✔240mL
1kg=_____lb |- |correct |answer |-✔2.2lb
1kg=_____g |- |correct |answer |-✔1000g
Clinical |Reasoning |- |correct |answer |-✔a |specific |term |usually |referring |to |ways |of |thinking |about |patient |care |issues |(determining, |preventing, |and |managing |patient |problems); |for |reasoning |about |other |clinical |issues |(e.g., |teamwork, |collaboration, |and |streamlining |work |flow); |nurses |usually |use |critical |thinking
Clinical |Judgement |- |correct |answer |-✔refers |to |the |result |(outcome) |of |critical |thinking |or |clinical |reasoning; |the |conclusion, |decision, |or |opinion |a |nurse |makes
Pathogens |- |correct |answer |-✔Disease |causing |microorganisms
Infection |- |correct |answer |-✔Contamination |or |invasion |of |body |tissue |by |pathogenic |organisms
Six |Components |of |Infection |Cycle |- |correct |answer |-✔-Infectious |Agent
-Reservoir
-Portal |of |Exit
-Means |of |Transmission
-Portals |of |Entry
-Susceptible |Host
Virulence |- |correct |answer |-✔ability |to |produce |disease
Endemic |- |correct |answer |-✔native |or |confined |to |a |particular |region |or |people
Stages |of |Infection |- |correct |answer |-✔-Incubation |period
-Prodromal |stage
Fibrous |Joints |- |correct |answer |-✔immovable |(skull)
Cartilaginous |Joints |- |correct |answer |-✔allow |only |slight |movement |and |consist |of |bones |connected |entirely |by |cartilage
Synovial |Joint |- |correct |answer |-✔freely |movable |joint
Labyrinthine |Sense |- |correct |answer |-✔the |sensory |organs |in |the |inner |ear |provide |this |sense |of |position, |orientation, |and |movement
Proprioceptor |or |Kinesthetic |Sense |- |correct |answer |-✔This |informs |the |brain |of |the |location |of |a |limb |or |body |part |as |a |result |of |joint |movements |stimulating |special |nerve |endings |in |muscles, |tendons, |and |fascia.
Visual |or |Optic |Reflexes |- |correct |answer |-✔visual |impressions |contribute |to |posture |by |alerting |the |person |to |spatial |relationships |with |the |environment
Extensor |or |Stretch |Reflexes |- |correct |answer |-✔when |extensor |muscles |are |stretched |beyond |a |certain |point, |their |stimulation |causes |a |reflex |contraction |that |aids |a |person |to |reestablish |erect |posture
Ergonomics |- |correct |answer |-✔the |study |of |the |human |factors |that |affect |the |design |and |operation |of |tools |and |the |work |environment
Medicare |- |correct |answer |-✔A |federal |program |of |health |insurance |for |persons | 65 |years |of |age |and |older
Medicaid |- |correct |answer |-✔Federal |program |that |provides |medical |benefits |for |low- income |persons.
Preventive |Health |Care |- |correct |answer |-✔focuses |on |educating |and |equipping |clients |to |reduce |and |control |risk |factors |of |disease. |Examples |include |immunizations, |stress |management |programs, |and |seat |belt |use
Primary |Health |Care |- |correct |answer |-✔emphasizes |health |promotion, |and |includes |prenatal |and |well-baby |care, |nutrition |counseling, |and |disease |control. |is |based |on |a |sustained |partnership |between |client |and |provider. |examples |include |office |or |clinic |visits |and |scheduled |school/work |centered |screenings |(vision, |hearing, |obesity)
Secondary |Health |Care |- |correct |answer |-✔includes |the |diagnosis |and |treatment |of |emergency, |acute |illness, |or |injury. |examples |include |care |given |in |hospital |settings |(inpatient |and |EDs), |diagnostic |centers, |or |emergent |care |centers
Tertiary |Health |Care |- |correct |answer |-✔involves |the |provision |of |specialized |highly |technical |care. |examples |include |oncology |centers |and |burn |centers
Restorative |Health |Care |- |correct |answer |-✔involves |intermediate |follow-up |care |for |restoring |health. |examples |include |home |health |care, |rehab |centers, |and |skilled |nursing |facilities
Continuing |Health |Care |- |correct |answer |-✔addresses |long-term |or |chronic |health |care |needs |over |a |period |of |time
Medical |Asepsis |- |correct |answer |-✔practices |designed |to |reduce |the |number |and |transfer |of |pathogens; |synonym |for |clean |technique
Surgical |Asepsis |- |correct |answer |-✔techniques |used |to |destroy |all |pathogenic |organisms, |also |called |sterile |technique
Primary |Prevention |- |correct |answer |-✔Efforts |to |prevent |an |injury |or |illness |from |ever |occurring.
(Immunizations, |car |seat |education, |nutrition, |health |education, |etc.)
Secondary |Prevention |- |correct |answer |-✔Focuses |on |identifying |illness, |providing |treatment, |and |conducting |activities |that |help |prevent |a |worsening |health |status |
(Communicable |disease |screening, |early |detection, |exercise |programs |for |older |adults, |etc.)
Tertiary |Prevention |- |correct |answer |-✔-aims |to |prevent |the |long-term |consequences |of |a |chronic |illness |or |disability |and |to |support |optimal |functioning
-examples: |prevention |of |pressure |ulcers |as |complication |of |a |spinal |cord |injury; |promoting |independence |for |the |client |who |has |traumatic |brain |injury
Systemic |- |correct |answer |-✔affecting |the |entire |body
Classes |of |fire |extinguishers |- |correct |answer |-✔A: |for |paper, |wood, |upholstery, |rags, |or |other |types |of |trash |fires
B: |for |flammable |liquids |or |gas |fires
C: |electrical |fires
ABCDE |Principle |- |correct |answer |-✔Used |as |a |guide |during |primary |survey |and |emergency |care
A |= |airway/cervical |spine
B |= |breathing
C |= |circulation
D |= |Disability
E |= |Exposure
Primary |Survey |- |correct |answer |-✔Initial |assessment |to |determine |the |presence |of |a |life- threatening |injury.
Abduction |and |Adduction |- |correct |answer |-✔
Circumduction |- |correct |answer |-✔EX: |moving |the |arm |in |a |circle |around |the |shoulder
Flexion |- |correct |answer |-✔bending |a |joint
Extension |- |correct |answer |-✔Straightening |of |a |joint
Dorsiflexion |- |correct |answer |-✔Backward |flexion, |as |in |bending |backward |either |a |hand |or |foot
Plantar |Flexion |- |correct |answer |-✔bending |of |the |sole |of |the |foot |by |curling |the |toes |toward |the |ground
Smooth |Muscles |- |correct |answer |-✔located |in |the |walls |of |internal |organs |such |as |the |digestive |tract, |blood |vessels, |and |ducts |leading |from |glands
isotonic |exercise |- |correct |answer |-✔activity |that |combines |muscle |contraction |with |repeated |movement
isometric |exercise |- |correct |answer |-✔an |exercise |in |which |muscles |contract |but |very |little |body |movement |takes |place
isokenetic |exercise |- |correct |answer |-✔activity |that |involves |resistance |through |an |entire |range |of |motion
I |- |Intervention, |or |range |of |interventions |of |interest |(exposure |to |disease, |risk |behavior, |education) |
C |- |What |will |you |compare |the |intervention |against? |(no |disease, |absence |of |risk |factors, |placebo |or |no |intervention)
O |- |Outcome |of |interest |(risk |of |disease, |rates |of |occurrence |of |adverse |outcomes, |accuracy |of |diagnosis) |
T |- |Time |it |takes |for |intervention |to |achieve |the |outcome |(selected |to |observe |the |population |or |problem/condition)
Morbitity |- |correct |answer |-✔a |diseased |state, |disability |or |poor |health |due |to |any |cause
Mortality |- |correct |answer |-✔death |rate
The |Human |Dimensions |- |correct |answer |-✔Physical, |Emotional, |Intellectual, |Environmental, |Sociocultural, |Spiritual
Wellness |- |correct |answer |-✔an |overall |state |of |well-being |or |total |health
Exacerbation |- |correct |answer |-✔increase |in |the |severity |of |a |disease |or |its |symptoms
Acute |illness |- |correct |answer |-✔A |sudden |illness |from |which |a |person |is |expected |to |recover
Common |Chronic |Diseases |- |correct |answer |-✔-Heart |disease
-Hypertension
-Diabetes
-Rheumatoid |Arthritis
-Alzheimer's
Physical |Dimension |- |correct |answer |-✔genetic |inheritance, |age, |developmental |level, |race, |and |gender
Emotional |Dimension |- |correct |answer |-✔how |the |mind |affects |body |function |and |responds |to |body |conditions
Intellectual |Dimension |- |correct |answer |-✔cognitive |abilities, |educational |background, |and |past |experiences
Environmental |Dimension |- |correct |answer |-✔housing, |sanitation, |climate, |pollution |of |air, |food, |and |water
Nursing |Interventions |for |Integumentary |- |correct |answer |-✔-Identify |risk |for |pressure |injury
-Position |using |corrective |devices
-Limit |sitting |in |chair |to | 1 |hour
-Monitor |nutritional |intake
Respiratory |Assessment |(q2h) |- |correct |answer |-✔-Observe |chest |wall |movement
-Auscultate |lungs |and |identify |diminished |breath |sounds, |crackles, |wheezes
-Observe |for |productive |cough---noting |color, |amount, |and |consistency |of |secretions
Respiratory-Client |Education |- |correct |answer |-✔-Turn, |cough, |and |breathe |deeply |every |1- 2hours |while |awake
-Yawn |every |hour |while |awake
-Use |spirometer
-Consume |at |least |2,000 |mL |fluid |per |day
Cardiovascular-Nursing |Actions |- |correct |answer |-✔-Increase |activity |as |soon |as |possible
Cane |Instructions |- |correct |answer |-✔-Maintain |two |points |of |support |on |the |ground |at |all |times.
-Keep |the |cane |on |the |stronger |side |of |the |body.
-Support |body |weight |on |both |legs, |move |the |cane |forward | 6 |to | 10 |inches, |then |move |the |weaker |leg |forward |toward |the |cane.
-Next, |advance |the |stronger |leg |past |the |cane
Crutch |Instructions |- |correct |answer |-✔-Do |not |alter |crutches |after |fitting.
-Follow |the |prescribed |crutch |gait.
-Support |body |weight |at |the |hand |grips |with |the |elbows |flexed |at |30°.
-Place |crutches |15cm |in |front |of |and |15cm |to |the |side |of |each |foot |
-Position |the |crutches |on |the |unaffected |side |when |sitting |or |rising
from |a |chair.
Developmental- |Assessment |(Infancy |through |school |age) |- |correct |answer |-✔-Gross |motor |skills, |intellectual, |and |musculoskeletal |development
-Body |alignment |and |posture
-Developmental |tasks |specific |to |age
Developmental-Nursing |Actions |(Infancy |through |school |age) |- |correct |answer |-✔-Implement |activities |that |stimulate |physical |and |psychosocial |systems-increase |mobility
-Teach |families |that |their |perception |of |immobility |can |affect |progress |and |ability |to |cope
-Encourage |involvement, |if |age-appropriate, |in |care
Developmental-Assessment |(Adolescents) |- |correct |answer |-✔-Growth |and |development |specific |to |age
-Level |of |independence |
-Social |activities
Developmental-Nursing |Actions |(Adolescents) |- |correct |answer |-✔-Initiate |care |that |facilitates |independence |
-Involve |them |in |decision-making |for |ADL's
-Provide |stimuli |to |promote |socialization
Developmental-Assessment |(Adults) |- |correct |answer |-✔-All |physical |systems
-Family |relationships
-Social |status
-Meaning |of |career/job
Developmental-Nursing |Actions |(Adults) |- |correct |answer |-✔-Provide |care |that |promotes |activity |of |all |systems
-Discuss |social |involvements |
-Discuss |meaning |of |career/job
Developmental-Assessment |(Older |Adults) |- |correct |answer |-✔-Balance
-Coordination |
-Gait
-Functional |Status
-Level |of |independence |
-Social |isolation
Developmental-Nursing |Actions |(Older |Adults) |- |correct |answer |-✔-Plan |care |with |clients |and |families |to |increase |independence |with |ADL's |and |decision |making
-Teach |staff |to |encourage |independence |
-Provide |stimuli |(Paper, |TV, |etc.)
-Very |young, |very |old, |immunicompromised, |and |pregnant |individuals |are |at |higher |risk
-Avoid |products |made |from |unpasteurized |dairy |or |meat |spreads |and |uncooked |eggs
Bleeding-Nursing |Actions |- |correct |answer |-✔-Identify |external |bleeding |and |apply |pressure
-DO |NOT |removed |impaled |objects-stabilize |them
Sprains |- |correct |answer |-✔RICE:
-REFRAIN |from |weight-bearing
-Apply |ICE |to |decrease |inflammation
-Apply |a |COMPRESSION |dressing |for |swelling
-ELEVATE |the |affected |limb
Heat |Stroke |- |correct |answer |-✔-Temp |greater |than |104'F |or |40'C
-Symptoms |include: |hot, |dry |skin, |hypotension, |tachypnea, |tachycardia, |anxiety, |seizures, |coma
-Remove |clothing-Place |ice |packs |on |major |arteries, |wet |clients |body |and |fan
Altitude-related |illness |- |correct |answer |-✔Expected |Findings: |Throbbing |headache, |nausea, |vomiting, |dyspnea, |anorexia
Interventions: |Administer |oxygen, |descend |to |lower |altitude, |promote |rest
Semi-Fowler's |Position |- |correct |answer |-✔-Typically |30degrees
-Prevents |regurgitation |of |enteral |feedings |and |aspiration |
-Promotes |lung |expansion
Fowler's |- |correct |answer |-✔-45-60 |degrees
-Used |during |procedures |(nasogastric |tube |insertion |and |suctioning)
High |Fowler's |- |correct |answer |-✔60-90 |degrees
supine |or |dorsal |recumbent |position |- |correct |answer |-✔-client |lies |on |his |back |with |head |and |shoulders |elevated |on |a |pillow; |client's |forearms |may |be |placed |on |pillows |or |placed |at |side; |foot |support |prevents |foot |drop |and |maintains |proper |alignment
Prone |Position |- |correct |answer |-✔lying |face |down
Sims' |Position |- |correct |answer |-✔a |side-lying |position |with |the |lowermost |arm |behind |the |body |and |the |uppermost |leg |flexed
Orthopenic |Position |- |correct |answer |-✔Client |sits |in |bed |or |at |the |bedside |with |a |pillow |on |the |overbed |table, |which |is |across |clients |lap. |They |rest |arms |on |overbed |table
-Beneficial |for |clients |with |COPD
