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Fundamentals of Nursing Exam 1
During rounds, a charge nurse hears the patient care technician yelling loudly to a patient regarding a transfer from the bed to chair. When entering the room, what is the nurse's best response? A) "You need to speak to the patient quietly. You are disturbing the patient." B) "Let me help you with your transfer technique." C) "When you are finished, be sure to apologize for your rough demeanor." D) "When your patient is safe and comfortable, me me at the desk." Answer is-. D - discuss any concerns privately A public health nurse is leaving the home of a young mother who has a special needs baby. The neighbor states, "How is she doing, since the baby's father is no help?" What is the nurse's best response? A) "New mothers need support." B) "The lack of a father is difficult." C) "How are you today?" D) "It is a very sad situation." Answer is-. A - maintain confidentiality; non judgemental A 3-year-old child is being admitted to a medical division for vomiting, diarrhea, and dehydration. During the admission interview, the nurse should implement which communication techniques to elicit the most information from the parents? A) the use of reflective questions B) the use of closed questions C) the use of assertive questions D) the use of clarifying questions Answer is-. D - allows nurse to gain understanding of a patients comment. A nurse enters a patient's room and examines the patient's IV fluids and cardiac monitor. The patient states, "Well, I haven't seen you before. Who are you?" What is the nurse's best response? A) "I'm just the IV therapist checking you IV." B) "i've been transferred to this division ans will be caring for you." C) "I'm sorry, my name is John Smith and I am your nurse." D) "My name is John Smith, I am your nurse and i'll be caring for you until 11 p.m." Answer is-. D - identify self, let patient know what will be happening, and time period A nurse enters the room of a patient with cancer. The patient is crying and states, "I feel so alone." Which statement is the most therapeutic?
A) the nurse stands at the patient's bedside and states, "I understand how you feel. My mother said the same thing when she was ill." B) the nurse places a hand on the patient's arm and states, "You feel so alone." C) the nurse stands in the patient's room and asks, "Why do you feel so alone? You wife has been here every day." D) the nurse holds the patient's hand and asks, "What makes you feel so alone?" Answer is-. D - touch conveys acceptance; open-ended question allows free verbalizing by patient A nurse caring for a patient who is hospitalized following a double mastectomy is preparing a discharge plan for the patient. Which action should be the focus of this termination phase of the helping relationship? A) determining the progress made in achieving established goals B) clarifying when the patient should take medications C) reporting the progress made in teaching the staff D) including all family members in the teaching session Answer is-. A - termination phase occurs when the conclusion of the initial agreement is acknowledged A nursing student is nervous and concerned about the work she is about to do at the clinical facility. To allay anxiety and be successful in her provision of care, it is most important for her to: A) determine the established goals of the institution B) be sure her verbal and nonverbal communication is congruent C) engage in self-talk to plan her day and decrease her fear D) speak with her fellow colleagues about how they feel Answer is-. C - by engaging in self-talk, or intrapersonal communication, the student can plan day and enhance clinical performance to decrease fear and anxiety A nurse in the rehab division states her head nurse, Mr. Tyler, "I need the day off and you didn't give it to me!" The head nurse replies, "Well, I wasn't aware you needed the day off, and it isn't possible since staffing is so inadequate." Instead of this exchange, what communication by the nurse would have been more effective? A) "Mr. Tyler, I placed a request to have August 8th off, but I'm working and I have a doctor's appointment." B) "Mr. Tyler, I would like to discuss my schedule with you. I requested the 8th of August off for a doctor's appointment. Could I make my appointment?" C) "Mr. Tyler, I will need to call in on the 8th because I have a doctor's appointment." D) "Mr. Tyler, since you didn't give me the 8th off, will I need to find someone to work for me?" Answer is-. B - implementation of nonthreatening information by showing respect During a nursing staff meeting, the nurses resolve a problem of delayed documentation by agreeing unanimously that they will make sure all vital signs are reported and charted within 15
D) changing the subject Answer is-. A A 76-year-old patient states, "I have been experiencing complications of diabetes." The nurse needs to direct the patient to gain more information. What is the most appropriate comment or question to elicit additional information? A) "Do you take two injections of insulin to decrease the complications?" B) "Most physicians recommend diet and exercise to regulate blood sugar." C) "Most complications of diabetes are related to neuropathy." D) "What specific complications have you experienced?" Answer is-. D - request specific information regarding complications During an interaction with a patient diagnosed with epilepsy, a nurse notes that the patient is silent after she communicates the plan of care. What would be appropriate nurse responses in this situation? Select all that apply. A) fill the silence with lighter conversation directed at the patient B) use the time to perform the care that is needed uninterrupted C) discuss the silence with the patient to ascertain its meaning D) allow the patient time to think and explore inner thoughts E) determine if the patient's culture requires pauses between conversation F) arrange for a counselor to help the patient cope with emotional issues Answer is-. C, D, E A state attorney decides to charge a nurse with manslaughter for allegedly administering a lethal medication. This is an example of what type of law? A) public law B) private law C) civil law D) criminal law Answer is-. D - criminal law Newly hired nurses in a busy suburban hospital are required to read the state Nurse Practice Act as part of their training. Which topics are covered by this act? Select all that apply. A) violations that may result in disciplinary action B) clinical procedures C) medication administration D) scope of practice E) delegation policies F) medicare reimbursement Answer is-. A, D People bringing the charges against someone are called:
A) appellates B) defendants C) plaintiffs D) attorneys Answer is-. C When someone has specialty knowledge, experience, and clinical judgment and meets certain criteria established by a nongovernmental association, as a result of which she was granted recognition in a specified practice area. What is this sort of credential called? A) accreditation B) licensure C) certification D) board approval Answer is-. C If a review of a patient's record revealed that she never consented to a surgery, of which intentional tort might the surgeon have been guilty? A) assault B) battery C) invasion of privacy D) false imprisonment Answer is-. B If an attorney representing a patient's family calls you and asks to talk with them about the case so they can better understand your actions, how should you respond? A) "I'm sorry, but I can't talk with you. You'll have to contact my attorney." B) Answer the attorney's questions honestly and make sure that he understands your side of the story. C) Appeal to the attorney's sense of compassion and try to enlist his sympathy by telling him how busy it was that morning. D) "Why are you doing this to me? This could ruin me!" Answer is-. A A nurse administers the wrong medication to a patient and the patient is harmed. The physician who ordered the medication did not read the documentation that the patient was allergic to the drug. Which statement is true regarding liability for the administration of the wrong medication? A) the nurse is not responsible, because the nurse was merely following the doctor's orders B) only the nurse is responsible, because the nurse actually administered the medication C) only the physician is responsible, because the physician actually ordered the drug D) both the nurse and the physician are responsible for their respective actions Answer is-. D
D) rewarding and punishing Answer is-. D A nurse who is working in a hospital setting after graduation from a local college uses value clarification to help understand the values that motivate patient behavior. Which examples denote "prizing" in the process of values clarification? Select all that apply. A) a patient decides to quit smoking following a diagnosis of lung cancer B) a patient shows off a new outfit that she is wearing after losing 20 pounds C) a patient chooses to work fewer hours following a stress related myocardial infarction D) a patient incorporates a new low-cholesterol diet into his daily routine E) a patient joins a gym and schedules classes throughout the year F) a patient proudly displays his certificate for completing a marathon Answer is-. B, F The American Association of Colleges of Nursing identified five values that epitomize the caring professional nurse. Which of these is best described as acting in accordance with an appropriate code of ethics and accepted standards of practice? A) altruism B) autonomy C) human dignity D) integrity Answer is-. D A professional nurse with a commitment to social justice is most apt to: A) provide honest information to patients and the public B) promote universal access to health care C) plan care in partnership with patients D) document care accurately and honestly Answer is-. B When an older adult nurse complains to a younger nurse that nurses just aren't ethical anymore, which reply reflects the best understanding of moral development? A) "Behaving ethically develops gradually from childhood; maybe my generation doesn't value this enough to develop an ethical code." B) "I don't agree that nurses were more ethical in the past. It's a new age and the ethics are new!" C) "Ethics is genetically determined... It's like having blue or brown eyes. Maybe we're evolving out of the ethical sense your generation had." D) "I agree! It's impossible to be ethical when working in a practice setting like this!" Answer is-. A
A home health nurse who performs a careful safety assessment of the home of a frail elderly patient to prevent harm to the patient is acting in accordance with which of the principles of bioethics? A) autonomy B) beneficence C) justice D) fidelity E) nomalficence Answer is-. E A professional nurse committed to the principle of autonomy would be careful to: A) provide the information and support a patient needed to make decisions to advance one's own interests B) treat each patient fairly, trying to give everyone his or her due C) keep any promises made to a patient or another professional caregiver D) avoid causing harm to a patient Answer is-. A Janie wants to call an ethics consult to clarify treatment goals for a patient no longer able to speak for himself. She believes his dying is being prolonged painfully. She is troubled when the patient's doctor tells her that she'll be fired if she raises questions about his care or calls the consult. This is a good example of: A) ethical uncertainty B) ethical distress C) ethical dilemma D) ethical residue Answer is-. B A student nurse begins a clinical rotation in a long-term care facility and quickly realizes that certain residents have unmet needs. The student wants to advocate for these residents. Which statements reflect a correct understanding of advocacy? Select all that apply. A) advocacy is the protection and support of another's rights B) patient advocacy is primarily done by nurses C) patients with special advocacy needs include the very young and the elderly, those who are seriously ill, and those with disabilities D) nurse advocates make good health care decisions for patients and residents E) nurse advocates do whatever patients and residents want F) effective advocacy may entail becoming politically active Answer is-. A, C, F A nurse assesses patients in a physician's office who are experiencing different levels of health and illness. Which statements best define the concepts of health and illness? Select all that apply.
C) assuming a dependent role D) achieving recovery and rehababilitation Answer is-. B Which clinic patient is most likely to have annual breast examinations and mammograms based on the physical human dimension? A) Jane, whose best friend had a benign breast lump removed B) Sarah, who lives in a low-income neighborhood C) Tricia, who has a family history of breast cancer D) Nancy, whose family encourages regular physical examinations Answer is-. C Health promotion activities may occur on a primary, secondary, or tertiary level. Which activities are considered tertiary health promotion? Select all that apply. A) a nurse run an immunization clinic in the inner city B) a nurse teaches a patient with an amputation how to care for the residual limb C) a nurse provides range-of-motion exercises for a paralyzed patient D) a nurse teaches parents of toddlers how to childproof their homes E) a school nurse provides screening for scoliosis for the students F) a nurse teaches new parents how to choose and use an infant car seat Answer is-. B, C The agent-host-environment model of health and illness is based on what concept? A) risk factors B) demographic variables C) behaviors to promote health D) stages of illness Answer is-. A When providing health promotion classes, a nurse uses concepts from models of health. What do both the health-illness continuum and the high-level wellness models demonstrate? A) illness as a fixed point in time B) the importance of family C) wellness as a passive state D) health as a constantly changing state Answer is-. D A nurse follows accepted guidelines for a healthy lifestyle. How can this promote health in others? A) by being a role model for healthy behaviors B) by not requiring sick days from work
C) by never exposing others to any type of illness D) by spending less money on food Answer is-. A A nurse caring for adults in a physician's office notes that some patients age more rapidly that other patients of the same age. The nurse researches aging theories that attempt to describe how and why aging occurs. Which statements apply to the immunity theory of aging? Select all that apply. A) chemical reactions in the body produce damage to the DNA B) free radicals have adverse effects on adjacent molecules C) decrease in size and function of the thymus causes infections D) there is much interest in the role of vitamin supplementation E) lifespan depends on a great extent to genetic factors F) organisms wear out from increased metabolic functioning Answer is-. C, D A nurse caring for older adults in a long-term care facility knows that several physical changes occur in the aging adult. Which characteristics best describe these changes? Select all that apply. A) fatty tissue is redistributed B) the skin is drier and wrinkles appear C) cardiac output increases D) muscle mass increases E) hormone production increases F) visual and hearing acuity diminishes Answer is-. A, B, F An experienced nurse tells a younger nurse who is working in a retirement home that older adults are different and do not have the same desires, needs, and concerns as other age groups. The nurse also comments that most older adults have "outlived their usefulness." What is the term for this type of prejudice? A) harassment B) whistle blowing C) racism D) ageism Answer is-. D What is the leading cause of cognitive impairment in old age? A) stroke B) malnutrition C) alzheimer disease D) loss of cardiac reserve Answer is-. C
E) the nurse uses friction motion when washing for a least 15 seconds F) the nurse rinses thoroughly with water flowing toward fingertips Answer is-. B, E, F The nurse has opened the sterile supplies and put on two sterile gloves to complete a sterile dressing change, a procedure that requires surgical asepsis. The nurse must: A) keep splashes on the sterile field to a minimum B) cover the nose and mouth with gloved hands if a sneeze is imminent C) use forceps soaked in a disinfectant D) consider the outer 1 inch of the sterile field as contaminated Answer is-. D Standard precaution recommendations apply to which category of patients? A) only patients with diagnosed infections B) only patients with visible blood, body fluids, or sweat C) only patients with nonintact skin D) all patients receiving care in hospitals Answer is-. D In addition to standard precautions, the nurse would initiate droplet precautions for which patients? Select all that apply. A) a patient with rubella B) a patient with diptheria C) a patient with varicella D) a patient with tuberculosis E) a patient with MRSA F) a patient diagnosed with adenovirus infection Answer is-. A, B, F How would a nurse remove PPE when leaving the room? A) remove gown, goggles, mask, gloves, and exit B) remove gloves, perform hand hygiene, remove gown, mask, goggles C) untie gown waiststrings, remove gloves, goggles, gown, mask; perform hand hygiene D) remove goggles, mask, gloves, gown, and perform hand hygiene Answer is-. C A nurse is caring for an obese 62-year-old patient with arthritis who has developed and open reddened are over his sacrum. What is a priority nursing diagnosis for this patient? A) Imbalanced Nutrition: More than body requirements related to immobility B) Impaired Physical Mobility related to pain and discomfort C) Chronic Pain related to immobility D) Risk for Infection related to altered skin integrity Answer is-. D
