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Exercise physiology, principles of training, program development and management recommendations, Nutrition basics and weight control: risks and Recommendations; choices and benefits Basic principles of fitness and wellness self- assessment and interpretation
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Cardiovascular disease
Several treatments include:
When the heart contracts (systole), blood pressure increases; when the heart relaxes (diastole), pressure decreases.------ Chronic high blood pressure is a health risk. Blood pressure is measured with a stethoscope and a sphygmomanometer. The first and larger number if the systolic blood pressure; the second is the diastolic blood pressure. A normal blood pressure reading is 120 systolic over 80 diastolic. Blood pressure equal or greater than 140 over 90 is a health risk High blood pressure results from either an increased output of blood by the heart or, most often, increased resistance to the blood flow in the arteries. When a person has high blood pressure, the heart must work harder than normal to force blood through the narrowed and stiffened arteries, straining both the heart and the arteries.—often called the “silent killer” A condition referred to as prehypertension, systolic and diastolic pressures just below hypertension levels. (120 to 139/ 80 to 89 mm Hg) has been identified as an additional risk factor for CVD. There are currently no statistics identifying the number of Canadians suffering from prehypertension. In most cases, they cannot be cured but controlled. Lifestlye changes include:
Raising HDL is important because a high HDL level seems to offer protection from CVD even in cases were total cholesterol is high, especially for women. Reducing LDL levels include substituting unsaturated for saturated and trans fats and increasing soluble fibre intake. Decreasing your intake of saturated and trans fats is particularly important because they promote the production and excretion of cholesterol by the liver. Cholesterol-lowering foods may be most effective when eaten in combination rather than separately. Diabetes: a disorder in which the metabolism of glucose is disrupted, causing a buildup of glucose in the bloodstream. Elevated blood glucose levels can damage the lining of arteries making them more vulnerable to atherosclerosis; diabetics also often have other risk factors, including hypertension, obesity, unhealthy cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and platelet and blood coagulation abnormalities. High triglyceride Levels: are blood fats that are obtained from food and manufactured by the body. People with borderline HTL, increased physical activity and weight reduction can bring levels down into the healthy range.. sometimes drugs therapy is needed.
Psychological and social factors