Child Development: Body and Mind - Unit 2, Chapter 3, Study notes of Creativity Development

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Unit 2

Chapter 3: Body and Mind

Top Ten Topics

Physical Development

Brain Development

The Senses

Motor Skills

Piaget's Sensorimotor Stage

Universal Language Development

Theories of Language Learning

SIDS

Immunization and Disease

Nutrition and Breast Feeding

Physical Development

Body size

Average weight

• At birth: 7 pounds
• At 12 months: 21 pounds

(triples)

• At 24 months: 28

pounds; 1/5th adult

weight

Does development

occur on a straight,

upward line?

Average length

• At birth: 20 inches
• At 12 months: 30 inches
• At 24 months: 34 inches

(½ adult height)

Physical Development CDC Growth Charts; Boys and Girls

Percentile

Failure to

Thrive

If adults grew at an infant’s rate….

If you were gaining weight at the

rate of an infant, your weight

would be tripled on year from

today.

Calculate how much you would

weight.

If you, like an infant, grew an inch

a month, what would your height

be a year from today?

Brain Development

the two-cell bodies of neurons (stained green) grow axons and dendrites to each other’s neurons.

This tangle is repeated thousands of times in every human brain by neurotransmitters

Stimulation is necessary for dendrite formation. Lack of stimulation (or wrong kind) stunts the brain.

Brain Development

Hippocampus: central processor of

memory, especially locations

Cortisol: Primary stress hormone; affects

human emotions

Pituitary: Gland that regulates growth and

controls other glands, such as the adrenal

and sex glands

• pg.

Infant Brain

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hMyDFYSkZSU&list=WL&index=

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VNNsN9IJkws&t=1s

The Senses

Hearing

• Develops last trimester; heartbeat, digestion,

voices, loud noises

• Most advanced of the newborn's senses
• Familiar sounds are soothing (kangaroo care)

Seeing

• Most immature sense
• Newborns: 4 and 30 inches away
• Binocular vision develops between 2 and 4

months

• Visual cortex growth improves shape recognition,

visual scanning, and details.

The Senses

Touch

• Touch is acute in infants
• All newborns respond to being securely held
• Prefer specific touch
• Some touches may be experience-expectant

for normal growth

Pain and temperature

• Connected to touch (diaper changes, cold

weather)

• Pain is probably less intense than adult pain

but not absent

• Breast milk: mild anesthetic and a distraction

Samantha:

• Imagine that you are advising parents who are considering whether to have their toddler Samantha's vision disorder corrected. Samantha's disorder, which can be completely corrected only through surgery, involves an uneven curvature of the lens of each eyeball. Unless the problem is corrected, Samantha's vision will forever be slightly out of focus in both eyes, even if she wears corrective eyeglasses or contact lenses.
• Samantha's parents are understandably concerned about the dangers of performing any operation on such a young child and have several questions.

Gross motor skills

• Cephalocaudal (head-down)

and proximodistal (center-out)

direction

- Sequence of emerging skills - Sitting unsupported (6-7.5 mon) - Standing, holding on (7.4-9.4 mon) - Crawling (creeping) (8-10 mon) - Standing, not holding on (10.8-13.

mon)

• Walking well (12-14.4 mon)
• Walking backward (15-17 mon)
• Running (18-20 mon)
• Jumping up (26-29 mon)

Which of these skills has the greatest age variation? Why?

pg. 83

Ever Wonder Why Parents

of Toddlers Are Always

Tired?

• “In 1 hour of free play, the average toddler takes about 2,400 steps, travels the length of about 8 U.S. football fields, and falls 17 times”! (Adolph & Franchak, 2017)