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FRHD 3400 MIDTERM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
100% VERIFIED NEWEST
What are the dimensions of experience? - ANSWER thoughts, feelings, and actions
what is intentionality? - ANSWER intentionality speaks to the importance of being in the moment and responding flexibily to the ever changing situations and needs of clients
T or F: intentionality is the core effect of interviewing - ANSWER true
what is cultural intentionality? - ANSWER Cultural intentionality speaks to the fact that the interview occurs in a cultural context, and we need to be aware of diversity and difference
what is resilience? - ANSWER helping clients to "bounce back" and recover when they encounter serious life challenges
what is self-actualization? - ANSWER The curative force in psychotherapy - man's tendency to actualize himself, to become his potentialities. to express and activate all the capacities of the organism
what is interviewing? - ANSWER Basic process for gathering data, providing information and advice to clients, and suggesting workable alternatives for resolving concerns
what is coaching? - ANSWER Partnering with clients in a thought-provoking and creative process that inspires them to maximize their personal and professional potential
what is counselling? - ANSWER Counseling is more about listening to and
understanding of a client's life challenges and developing strategies for change and growth
counselling is most often associated with: - ANSWER - Social work
- Guidance
- Pastoral counselling
- Psychotherapy
- Psychiatry, in small cases
what is psychotherapy? - ANSWER Targets deep-seated issues which take a longer period to resolve
effective counselling and therapy involve: - ANSWER the client, the therapist, the relationship, the treatment, the feedback, and the context in which this is all taken place
what are microskills? - ANSWER Identify the behavioural foundations of intentional counseling and psychotherapy, they are specific communication skills that provide ways for you to reach many types of clients
what are the levels of the microskills pyramid? - ANSWER Questioning, observation, encouraging, paraphrasing, summarizing, reflecting feelings
what is the step-by-step progression of the microskills learning framework? - ANSWER
- Introduction
- Consciousness, knowledge, and competencies
- Observation
- Many uses
- Action: key points and practice
- Portfolio of competencies and personal reflection
what are the 4 factors that influence outcomes? - ANSWER - Extra-therapeutic factors (40%)
T or F: Through interviewing, counselling and psychotherapy it is possible for individuals (clients) to rewrite and rethink/restory old narratives into new, more positive and productive stories - ANSWER true
what is the purpose of ethics? - ANSWER To keep the best interest of the individual (client) in mind
T or F: Ethics is the same as the law, religion, culturally accepted norms, and science - ANSWER false, it is different
what are the core ethical responsibilities? - ANSWER - To do good and to do nothing to harm the client or society
- Keep confidence
- Know your boundaries
- Consult
Know individual and cultural differences
Do to others what you want done to yourself, treat clients the way they want to be treated
Pay particular attention to the ethical treatment of children and their rights
what are the 5 elements of ethics? - ANSWER 1. competence
- confidentiality
- informed consent
- power and privilege
- social justice
what is competence? - ANSWER education, training, supervision, practice and job parameters
what is confidentiality? - ANSWER protecting an individuals information
what is the difference between absolute and relative confidentiality? - ANSWER - Absolute = under no circumstances will anything be said
- Relative confidentiality = may say something if the client is at harm
what is informed consent? - ANSWER entails the right of individuals to be informed about the services they are going to receive and to make autonomous decisions pertaining to them
what is power and privilege? - ANSWER whether or not the client/professional relationship can be equal with respect to power
what is social justice? - ANSWER based on the assumption that all people have a right to equity and fair allocation of societal resources, inducing decision making
what are the two major types of social justice action? - ANSWER 1. Action in the community - work against the destructive influences of poverty, racism, and all forms of discrimination
- Action within the session - name issues of oppression or discrimination to free clients from self-blame and empower them for action
what do helping professionals have in terms of power and privilege? - ANSWER - The mandate of their organization
- Their access to resources
- The knowledge they have
- The assistance they can provide
what is privilege? - ANSWER Privilege is power given to people through cultural assumptions and stereotypes
What is trauma informed practice? - ANSWER To incorporate the trauma informed practice into work helping others especially vulnerable people
-Emphasis on safety and trustworthiness
-Maximize clients right to choose
-Insure collaboration
-Focus on strength
what is optimism? -
ANSWER A trust that things will work out and get better, a sense of personal power, and a belief in the future
what is resilience and protective factors? -
ANSWER - Buffers or reduces the risk of the consequences of an event or environment
- Leads to successful outcomes despite growing up in extreme circumstances
what are the 2 types of resilience and protective factors? - ANSWER - within the individual
what are the 10 ways to build resiliency? - ANSWER 1. Make connections
- Avoid seeing crises as insurmountable problems
- Accept that change is a part of living
- Move towards your goals
- Take decisive actions
- Look for opportunities for self-discovery
- Develop a positive self-concept
- Keep things in perspective
- Maintain a hopeful outlook
- Take care of yourself
what are micro aggressions? - ANSWER Racial micro-aggressions are brief and commonplace daily verbal, behavioural, or environmental indignities, whether intentional or unintentional, that communicate hostile, derogatory, or negative racial slights and insults toward people of colour
what are the "two aspects" of a person's story? - ANSWER the content and the process
what is the content? - ANSWER - Refers to the story itself, the events, participants
- It is important to keep the story straight, and to ask questions if you are unsure about the events or content
what is the process? - ANSWER - This is how and way in which the story is told
- The speaker may tell you how she is feeling, describing those feelings, or it may be evident in the person's non-verbal communication
- It also includes what is NOT said
what is rapport? - ANSWER Behaviour demonstrating genuine interest in and unconditional acceptance of an individual (client) and his/her worldview
what are the two most important micro-skills for rapport building? - ANSWER basic attending behaviour and client observation skills
what is attending behaviour? - ANSWER Supporting your client with individually and culturally appropriate verbal following, visuals, vocal quality, and body language/facial expression
how is silence effective? - ANSWER - Very powerful tool at any interview
- On occasion, the best contribution you can make as a helper is to stand by your client
what is the person centered approach and who developed it? - ANSWER - developed by Carl Rogers
- Revolutionised the counselling profession by demonstrating and providing the critical significance of relationships - through empathy and acceptance in the helping professions
what is self-concept? - ANSWER the self which I currently conceptualize myself as being
what is the purpose of questions? - ANSWER - framework for guiding the interview
- open up new areas for discussion
what is the secondary function of questions? - ANSWER - bring out additional specifics
- asses others/situation effectively
- systematic framework for guiding interview
T or F: Questions play a significant role in most theories and styles of helping - ANSWER true
what are open questions? - ANSWER Those that can't be answered in a few words, they tend to facilitate deeper exploration of client issues, they encourage others to talk and provide you with maximum information
what are closed questions? - ANSWER Allow you to get details and can typically be responded to in just a few words, they can yield information, but the onus of directing the conversation remains with the counsellor
what are questioning questions? - ANSWER Questions can be utilized to focus and regulate client conversation
what are the specific uses of questions? - ANSWER -help initiate the interview
- Clients that are not talkative might require an indirect approach
elaboration of the story
bring out the details
what information do you get from a "what" question? - ANSWER facts and information
what information can be obtained from a "how" question? - ANSWER process, feeling and emotion
what information can you obtain from a "why" question? - ANSWER generates a discussion of rationales
what information can you obtain from a "could, can or would" question? - ANSWER general framing or summary
what is concreteness? - ANSWER - increases the depth of the discussion from general to vague to specific
where do negative emotions and feeling originate in the brain? - ANSWER in the amygdala, deep in the limbic system of the brain
what is "rapid fire"? - ANSWER - Bombarding/grilling
- Too many questions may put clients on defense
- Too much control to the interviewer
what are piggy back questions? - ANSWER - Multiple questions from the interviewer at the same time
what is the miracle question? - ANSWER helpS the individual envision a life without the problem.
What are scaling questions? - ANSWER Invite the client to evaluate his/hers readiness to develop well-formed goals.
what is an exception question? - ANSWER - Considered to be the core of solution focused approach
- Help the client identify when the problem does not exist
- Also helps the client separate or externalize from the problem
what are coping questions? - ANSWER Capture the resources and strengths the client had previously used when dealing with the issue
what are the ABC's of multiple applications of questions? - ANSWER - Antecedent: draw out the linear sequence of the story
- Behaviour: focus on observable concrete actions
- Consequence: help clients see the result of an event
what are the 2 more essential issues added to by Albert Ellis? - ANSWER 1. T for thoughts and cognitions
- E for emotions (relating to emotional regulation, involving the limbic system and hormonal effect on the brain and body)
T or F: listening is a passive process - ANSWER false, it's an active process
when the interviewer is engaging in active listening, the client knows that the interviewer: - ANSWER - Heard what they were saying
- Saw their point of view
- Felt their world as they experience it
what does it mean to have a non-judgemental attitude? - ANSWER hearing and accepting what the client/individual is saying
what are the 3 components of active listening? - ANSWER encouraging, paraphrasing, and summarizing
what is encouraging - ANSWER Encouragers are verbal and nonverbal expressions that counselor or therapist can use to prompt clients to continue talking
what is paraphrasing? - ANSWER Shorten, clarify the essence of what has just been said, but be sure to use the client's main words when you paraphrase
what are the 2 purposes of paraphrasing? - ANSWER - Confirms that the professional is listening and understanding
- Gives client/individual opportunity to correct inaccuracies
what are the 4 dimensions of paraphrasing? - ANSWER - A sentence stem sometimes using the clients name
- The key words used by the client to describe the situation or person
- The essence of what the client has said in briefer and clearer form
- A checkout for accuracy
what is summarizing? - ANSWER Summarize client comments and integrate thoughts, emotions, and behaviours
what are some differences in summarizing and paraphrasing? - ANSWER - Summary is longer
- Summaries are usually positioned at certain points in a session
- Start off a session with a summary of last session
frightening or too difficult to think/feel (things previously avoided)
what does it meant to be emotionally attuned? - ANSWER To hear, see, sense, interpret and respond to client's/individual's verbal and non-verbal cues in a way that communicates to the client/individual that they truly seen, felt and understood
what are alliance ruptures? - ANSWER mistakes and breaks in the working relationship which cannot be helped
how can you address the rupture to begin repair work? - ANSWER - Apologizing
- Empathizing
- Owning up/taking responsibility
- Planning
