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A comprehensive set of questions and answers covering key concepts and theories in counseling and therapy, as taught in frhd 3400. It explores various therapeutic approaches, including person-centered therapy, solution-focused therapy, cbt, systems therapy, and narrative therapy. The document also delves into ethical considerations in counseling, including confidentiality, informed consent, and dual relationships. It further examines the importance of cultural intentionality and the respectful model in working with diverse clients. This resource is valuable for students seeking to understand the fundamentals of counseling and therapy, particularly in the context of frhd 3400.
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In therapy, there are disconnects between 3 areas. What are they? - ANSWER Feelings, thoughts and behaviours
What is a natural interviewing style? - ANSWER Your spontaneous way of working with others to help them achieve their goal
To be an authentic communicator, we have to incorporate _____ ________________ into the client-therapy relationship - ANSWER Our personality List some examples of irrational thinking - ANSWER - overgeneralization: generalizing isolated event to others
Person-centered theory
Basic assumption: person-centered theory
Actualizing tendency
What are the 5 steps in the microskills approach? - ANSWER 1. Define the skill, features, and purpose
Words of Caution!
List some characteristics of interviewing and where you may see it - ANSWER - short term
Is the outcome of the treatment determined by the approach used? - ANSWER No
What are the 4 factors that influence outcomes? - ANSWER - extra-therapeutic factors (environment)
What is the basic common structure? - ANSWER - relationship
**CYCLIC
Define each therapy BRIEFLY:
What is intentionality? - ANSWER Acting with a sense of capability. Choosing from a ranger of alternative actions, thoughts, and behaviours in responding to changing life situations
What is intentional competence? - ANSWER Integrating your natural style, self-understanding, and artistic abilities with the somewhat predictable client responses from your use of the microskills, enabling you to flex and change direction in order to be with your client in new ways, required for their development
What is an example of intentional competence? - ANSWER When Dr. K worked with a client who had prostate cancer which lead to many relationship with women. Rather than her referring the man to a male therapist, they worked through his issues and fears of working with a female, building an alliance
What is the RESPECTFUL model? - ANSWER R - religion E - economic background S - sexual identity P - personal style E - ethnic/racial identity C - chronological challenges T - trauma F - family background U - unique physical characteristics L - location of residence/language
What is cultural intentionality? - ANSWER Assessing client cultural backgrounds and flexing microskill application to achieve specific results
Describe an open question - ANSWER -opens an interview
What is societal interest? - ANSWER Respecting the need to be responsible to society
What should informed consent include? - ANSWER - purpose and nature of activity
Define self-determination - ANSWER Clients have a right to autonomy and freedom of choice to make their own decisions
The right to _________, health, ____-___________, and necessities of life take precedence over rights to __________________ - ANSWER Life; well-being; confidentiality
People's rights to self-determination takes precedence over another's right to ___________, or freedom - ANSWER Privacy
A person's right ti well-being may ____________ laws - ANSWER Override
What is a dual relationship? What does it lead to? - ANSWER Where there is both a counselling relationship and another type of relationship. To power imbalance and loss of counsellor objectivity
What is the "power flower"? Where is it commonly used? - ANSWER A tool that helps us become aware of and reflect on issues of diversity. It is used in anti-oppression and anti-racist work
Privilege what is it? - ANSWER Power given to people through cultural assumptions and stereotypes
Positive psychology is? - ANSWER Scientific study of strengths and virtues that enables individuals and communities to thrive. Builds on clients abilities and allows them to thrive
What trend is underway in psychology? - ANSWER Well-being is more than just an absence of disease-it includes optimal functioning and positive feelings and behaviors such as happiness and meaningfulness
What is physical health related to psychology?- ANSWER - symptoms of depression among older men and women have been proven to be treated by exercise therapy
what are the parts of the indivisible self? - ANSWER - coping
What is Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs? - ANSWER
What are some things to remember when working with children? - ANSWER - provide a warm, caring environment
What is empathy? - ANSWER Understanding and communicating the emotional perspective of another person
What are some responses to empathy? - ANSWER - decrease in hurt
What are the 3 types of empathy? Describe each - ANSWER Basic (interchangeable) empathy - reflect back exactly what client has said Additive empathy - response adds something beyond what client has said Subtractive empathy -distorts what client has said or responds with less than what client says
Clients are more likely to share feelings if you. - ANSWER Respond to them
Why should you display empathic responding early? - ANSWER To build alliance
What are cutoffs? - ANSWER Phrases that inhibit further expression of feeling
What are blank responses? - ANSWER Content less, mimicking
What is sympathy? - ANSWER Sympathy is the counsellor's personal response
What is tough empathy? - ANSWER The client is testing your patience
Why respond with empathy? (4) - ANSWER - way for you to understand client
What is wrong if you end a session early? - ANSWER Can be traumatic for the client
What are the 6 components of active listening? - ANSWER Silence, asking questions, paraphrasing, empathy, summarizing, attending
Describe the basics of listening with regards to the VVVB - ANSWER Visuals - look at client, notice their eye contact Vocals - tone and speech rate, where is their emphasis? Verbals - stay on topic, attention to client Body language - attentive and authentic
When should eye contact not be forced? - ANSWER When the topic is distressing
What assumptions do the solution-focused approach make? - ANSWER - people are unique and inherently strong
What do basic questions look like? - ANSWER - point towards the future
Explain questions about exceptions - ANSWER Times when the client is free of the problem
Explain the miracle question - ANSWER Imagining how things would be different if the problem were resolved
Explain scaling questions - ANSWER Identify experience in more concrete terms
What is a well-formed goal? - ANSWER - personally relevant
What are the stages of solution building? - ANSWER 1. Describe the problem
When is a solution focused approach unsuitable? - ANSWER When you would need to investigate the issues and history surrounding a problem
What are the similarities and differences between person-centered and solution-focused therapy? - ANSWER PERSON CENTERED
Describe "what", "could", "how", and "why" questions - ANSWER What questions - facts Could/would questions - open How questions - process and feelings Why questions - reasons
What are some problems with questions? - ANSWER - too many questions (shifts power to interviewer and can make client defensive)
What is the GROW model? - ANSWER G - gap between now and your version R - strengths and key challenge O - strategies and confidence W - ready and committed?
Describe encouraging - ANSWER - prompts clients to continue talking short verbal statements non-verbal gestures
What is paraphrasing? - ANSWER - rewording of what client has said
What are the 2 purposes of paraphrasing? - ANSWER - confirms that counsellor is
listening and understanding
List some possible ways to lead into a paraphrase - ANSWER - "As I understand it."
What is summarizing? - ANSWER - confirms understanding and checks assumptions
What is the difference between a summary and a paraphrase? - ANSWER A summary is looking over a longer term and highlighting the big themes
What are some ways to know that your summary is incorrect? - ANSWER The client:
What is the LIVE acronym? - ANSWER L - listen (verbal and nonverbal) I - identify (make sense of what is important to the client) V - verbalize (your understanding, use client words) E - evaluation (is the summary correct?)
General social conversation usually _________ feelings - ANSWER Ignores
What is a learned emotion? - ANSWER Shame
How do you begin a reflection of feeling? - ANSWER With a self-reflection
What should your reflection of feeling sound like? - ANSWER - soft voice, leaning forward
List the 3 steps in reflection of feeling - ANSWER 1. Observe the feeling
What technique do we use for reflecting feeling? - ANSWER 1. Choose a sentence stem
Which step is optional? - ANSWER Choosing a sentence stem
Describe what happens in step 2: pinpointing and labeling feelings - ANSWER - use
accurate feeling words
Step 3 - brief statement of context - ANSWER - expand with statement of context
Step 4 - use appropriate tense - ANSWER - match the tense of client story
Describe step 5: checking for accuracy - ANSWER - ask for feedback on the accuracy and usefulness of your paraphrase
What is the basic listening sequence? - ANSWER 1. Facts and Thoughts