Download FRHD 3400 Final Exam Prep: Key Concepts and Theories in Counselling and more Exams Health sciences in PDF only on Docsity!
FRHD 3400 FINAL EXAM PREP 100% VERIFIED
What is natural interviewing style? - ANSWER - a persons spontaneous way of working with others to help them achieve their goals
what is the correct response? - ANSWER -reflecting on client emotion -selecting one aspect of an issue as focus -silence
what is the microskills approach? - ANSWER -defining the skill, central features and purpose -observe the skill in action -learn the skill and its implications -practice the skill in role play -plan for generalization -foundations of intentional interviewing -communication skills units of the interview -summarize succesive steps -provides different alternatives for use with different clients and different situations
what are some words of caution in regards to therapy? - ANSWER -avoid perfect solutions -adapt your style to suit different individuals/cultures
what is interviewing? - ANSWER -short term -gather information -problem solving
-providing advice ex. employment offices, schools, hospitals
what is counselling? - ANSWER -more intensive and personal than interviewing -cope with "normal" problems
what is psychotherapy? - ANSWER -is more intensive -focuses on deeper seated issues -requires a little more education than interviewing and counselling
what are the pros of walk in counselling? - ANSWER -beneficial for people who want to work through there issues -people come in more prepared to deal with problems -people in crisis are able to go immediately -committed to go and not cancel their appointment -normalizes therapy -serves as a testing site for therapy
what are the cons of walk in counselling? - ANSWER -may not have enough time to work through actual issues -some people may not recognize there are smaller problems associated with progressing problems -may not feel comfortable sharing with random therapist -one session may not be enough to solve issues -very difficult to resolve problems in 1 session
what is the therapeutic approach? - ANSWER -variety of different approaches -treatment outcome is not dependant on approach
what are the goals of cognitive behavioural therapy - ANSWER - to challenge cognitive behaviours
what are the goals of systems therapy? - ANSWER -examine whole system rather than the individual
what are the goals of narrative therapy? - ANSWER - meaning through stories, create alternative stories
Intentionality is the capability of acting or the acting with a sense of capability, choosing from among a range of alternative actions, thoughts, and behaviors in responding to changing life situations.
what is intentional competence? - ANSWER -integrate your natural style, self-understanding and artistic abilites with the somewhat predictable client responses from your use of microskills, to allow you to flex and change direction to be with your client in new ways
what do the letters of the RESPECTFUL Model represent? - ANSWER R-religion/spirituality E-Economic/class background S-sexual identity P-personal styles E-ethnic/racial identity C-chronological/ lifespan challenges T-Trauma F-family background U-Unique physical characteristics L-location of residence/ language
what is cultural intentionality? - ANSWER -assessing client cultural backgrounds and
flexing microskill application to achieve specific results
what is beneficence? - ANSWER - being proactive in promoting clients best interets
what is fidelity? - ANSWER - honouring commitments to clients and maintaining integrity in counselling relationships
what is non-maleficence? - ANSWER -not wilfully harming clients and refraining from actions that risk harm
what is autonomy? - ANSWER -respecting the rights of clients to self determination
what is justice? - ANSWER -respecting the dignity and the just treatment of all persons
what is social interest? - ANSWER -respecting the need to be responsible to society
how can you inhance your competence - ANSWER -work within the limits of your competence -pursue professional training and development -be aware of personal reactions and unresolved issues -refer when necessary
what is informed consent? - ANSWER -ensure the purpose and nature of activity -ensure mutual responsibilites ensure confidentiality protections and limitations -likely benefits and risks -ensure alternatives -ensure likely consequences of non-action
what should be of focus in the counselling setting? - ANSWER -search for client strengths -see past the negative and the dysfunction
what does well-being correlate - ANSWER -extraversion -agreeableness -positive -openness to experience -authentic roles
what is the effect of physical health on therapy? - ANSWER -Exercise therapy significantly improve depression scores in elderly -daily physical activity significantly increases quality of life in cancer patients
what aspect of the person is the main focus? - ANSWER -thoughts -feelings -behaviours
who discovered person centred counselling? - ANSWER -Carl Rogers and Freud
what is humanism? - ANSWER -people are basically strong and capable -given the right circumstances people have an ability to handle difficulties and realize potential
what are components of a fully functioning person? - ANSWER -open to experience -lives with a sense of meaning and purpose
what did carl rogers believe? - ANSWER -unconditional positive regard ( belief in the intrinsic worth of a child and the feeling that a child is loved simply for existing
-negative antisocial emotions are the result of unmet needs
- in particular, needs for love and belonging
what are the core theraputic conditions? - ANSWER - Genuine -congruency -immediacy -acceptance -empathetic understanding -unconditional positive regard
what is the responsibility of the therapist? - ANSWER -provide accepting atmosphere -client becomes aware and free -results in growth and capacity to influence change
what are the elements of working with children in the play therapy environment? - ANSWER -must have empathy for child -warm caring environment so child can express emotions and act out consequences -non-verbal is very important with children
what are things to consider when working cross-culturally - ANSWER -uniqueness of the individual -each individual having their own culture
what is empathy? - ANSWER - understanding and communicating the emotional perspective of another person -needs to come from a position of compassion and caring
- does not mean we have to endorse client views or behaviours
why respond with empathy? - ANSWER - way for you to understand client -instrumental to helping relationship -clients feel valued and understood -our empathy makes them face their feelings and those of the people that they hurt -people working through difficulties do not need to be judged and evaluated
what do visuals have to do with listening? - ANSWER - look at client -noticing their eye contact -the patterns of the eye contact -direct eye contact is a white, middle class, Euro/north American trait -if topic is distressing don't force eye contact
what do vocals have to do with listening? - ANSWER -tone and speech rate -where is emphasis -is anyone clearing throat -what is emphasized
what do verbals have to do with listening - ANSWER -staying on topic -what the client is saying -attention to -verbal tracking -is there changing of topics
what does body language have to do with listening? - ANSWER - be attentive and authentic
what are the basics of listening? - ANSWER -silence
-asking questions -paraphrasing -empathy -summarizing -attending
what should the body language of the interviewer be? - ANSWER -natural and relaxed -address cultural differences in personal space -shoulders and legs toward client -open posture -men often require more space in therapy -introverted individuals often require more space in therapy -adults often require more space in therapy
what is attended silence? - ANSWER -characterized by eye contact, physical and psychological focus on client, and self-discipline to minimize internal and external distractions
what are the meanings of silence? - ANSWER -client is thinking -client is confused -clients is experiencing hurtful emotions -client is struggling with trust issues -silence is client's norm -client has achieved closure
what is solution focused therapy? - ANSWER - key figures: DeShazer, Berg, Walter and Peller -developed in early 1980's
rates many dimensions of clients life
what are the stages of solution building? - ANSWER -describe the problem -develop well formed goals -end of session feedback -evaluate progress
what is a well-formed goal? - ANSWER -interactional -situational -desirable behaviours -has beginning step -has role for client -are realistic
what are the importance of questions? - ANSWER -systematic framework for directing interview -open new areas of discussion -pinpoint and clarify issues -aid in self exploration
what do questions do? - ANSWER -begin the interview -elaborate client story -bring out concrete specifics -crucial to assessment -can steer the interview -can be problematic -can promote distrust
-can be used for find strengths wellness
what type of questions are crucial to assessment? - ANSWER -who,what, when, where, why, how
what types of questions guide interviews - ANSWER -what questions -> facts -could, would questions -> open -how questions -> process and feeling -why questions -> reasons
what are the problems with questions? - ANSWER -too many questions shifts power and control to interviewer, puts client on defensive -multiple questions confuses clients -statement questions sells your point of view -why questions lack empathy, cause discomfort -can build trust
How does facilitating help? - ANSWER encourages client to keep talking -can be brief verbal responses -can use non-verbal behaviors
what is paraphrasing? - ANSWER re-wording what the client has spoken -allows the clients to work out problems -presented without interpretations and without attempt to resolve issue -confirms that counsellor listening and understanding -provides client with opportunity to correct errors
-interpersonal conflict -a situation conflict -goals
what are discrepancies between helper and client? - ANSWER -values and/or goals -ethnic/cultural experiences -gender and age differences -learning and personality styles and approach
what is reflection of feeling? - ANSWER -identify key emotions -feed back to clarify affective experience -can be brief -combine with paraphrasing and summarizing -focus on underlying emotions -helps client makes his or her emotional life more explicit and clear -unspoken content
how do feelings affect therapy? - ANSWER -provide an opportunity for your clients to discuss feelings -feelings underpin what is occurring -takes the interview away from problem solving -slowes pace of interview
how does culture relate to emotion? - ANSWER -shame is a socially learned emotion -some cultures more reserved others more flamboyant -may not pick up emotion in reserved culture
what are the steps of reflection of feeling? - ANSWER 1. observe the feeling
- name the feeling
- repeat to the client
what are the technique of reflection of feeling? - ANSWER -choose sentence stem -pinpoint feeling -brief statement of context -appropriate tense -check for accuracy
what are the 5 stage's of interview structure? - ANSWER -stage 1 relationships : initiate session, build rapport and trust, structure therapy stage 2: story and strengths; gathering data drawing out their story, what is their concern, why are they here, find their strengths
-stage3 goals: mutual setting, define goal concreatly, search for strengths and resources to facilitate goal attainment, outcome of interest dependant on theoretical perspective
-stage 4 restory: exploring alternatives, confronting incongruities, problem solving
what is the family life cycle (traditional)? - ANSWER -courtship -> marriage -> childbirth -> middle marriage and child rearing -> separation from adult children -> retirement and old age
what are the alternative stages of the family cycle? - ANSWER -young adulthood -> young couples -> families with children -> families with adolescents -> families at midlife -> families later in life -> divorce, single parenting, remarriage
what is family therapy? - ANSWER -treating psychiatric patients by including families
what are some assessment methods? - ANSWER -chart review -interviews -questionnaires -self-monitoring -observation
what are the major goals of interviewing in child and family focused therapy? - ANSWER -presenting problems -developmental history psychological history and previous treatment -relevant medical history -family history -psychosocial functioning -what have they tried before for treatment
How do you interview children? - ANSWER -use developmentally appropriate language -be friendly -provide structure -use reflections and description -praise effort -use open minded questions
what is thorndike's law effect? - ANSWER -any response followed by positive consequence is likely to be repeated ; any response followed by negative consequences -behaviours are learned over time and repeated because of what follows from them
what are the ABC's of Behaviour? - ANSWER -Antecedent -Behaviour --consequences
What do treament plans and the process of goal setting FOCUS on? - ANSWER - focus on the primary problem break down long term goals into shorter more measurable goals make sure interventions match goals
What are the overall PRINCIPLES of reward programs? - ANSWER -define desirable and undesirable behaviours use reinforcements to strengthen desirable behaviours and withdraw the reinforcers to weaken the undesirable -small, regularly given reinforcers and punishment are superior -consequences should be delivered immediately -consistency
what are the needs of social reinforcement? - ANSWER -is immediately contingent on the behaviour -is energetic and sincere -reinforced repeatedly -use praise, hug, kiss, etc., as reinforcer what should be kept in mind when selecting rewards for children? - ANSWER -small, frequently earned rewards are most effective -child should have input regarding what rewards are most motivating -feasible -make sure there are no access to rewards if not earned
what are some relaxation strategies? - ANSWER -teaching diaphragmatic breathing
