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Temple University
Fresenius Medical Care Patient Care
Technician PCT Certification
Fresenius Hemodialysis Technician
Certification Exam
Course Title and Number: CPCT Certification Exam Exam Title: CPCT Certification Exam Exam Date: Exam 2024- 2025 Instructor: [Insert Instructor’s Name] Student Name: [Insert Student’s Name] Student ID: [Insert Student ID]
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Fresenius Medical Care Patient Care
Technician PCT Certification
Fresenius Hemodialysis Technician
Certification Exam Review Questions with
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Read All Instructions Carefully and Answer All the Questions Correctly Good Luck: - How many tests per treatment are done for OLC? - =Answer>> 6 What must be programmed for AMPs to work/run accurately? - =Answer>> OLC-V Why does hypertension cause kidneys to fail? - =Answer>> pressure damages the small vessels, damaged vessels can't filter waste products from the blood as they should What do kidneys do? - =Answer>> Maintain fluid, electrolyte, pH/base balance; remove waste, covert Vitamin D to calcitriol, excrete Phosporus, secrete epoeitin, regulate BP Dialysate will never have? - =Answer>> Phosphorus Need Writing 🤔Help? We've Got You Covered! ✍ 100% NO A I or Plagiarism Guaranteed🤔
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What does hemolysized blood look like? - =Answer>> Cherry pop, bright red, don't give this blood back Gain - =Answer>> pre - last AW - =Answer>> pre - EDW TW - =Answer>> avail + saline Goal - =Answer>> TW x 1000 What happens naturally and at the same time across a semipermeable membrane? - =Answer>> osmosis and diffusion If the conductivity is not in normal range what is wrong? - =Answer>> there is something wrong with the solutions Why are the blood lines and dialyzer are primed before dialysis is initiated? - =Answer>> to remove air, wet the fibers and rinse the ECC to reduce adverse reactions to the tubing What is a dialysate alarm? - =Answer>> Temp, conductivity ONLY What is a blood alarm? - =Answer>> Patient, tubing, system. Blood is not moving, needs fixed quickly Why is a visible access important? - =Answer>> Body has only 4-5 units of blood, the dialyzer pumps 400-500 mL Need Writing 🤔Help? We've Got You Covered! ✍ 100% NO A I or Plagiarism Guaranteed🤔
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or 1 unit of blood/minute. After 3 minutes of an access being dislodged, a person is dead. Dislodgement - =Answer>> out of the body Separation - =Answer>> disconnection Arterial pressure should not exceed - =Answer>> - What is arterial pressure? - =Answer>> resistance within the blood lines between the patients access and the blood pump Safety checks include - =Answer>> machine on home screen, NS line double clamped, arterial chamber 85- % full, tranducers dry & unclamped, pressures w/in range, BFR correct, DFR correct, Blood pump speed set, heparin pump on, venous chamber full & in air detector, venous line is threaded through venous clamp, acid bath correct, dialyzer size correct, saline bag with at least 300 mLs, Hansens connected, red end up, UF on Never walk away from a patient during - =Answer>> rinse back Before using an external access what must you have on file? - =Answer>> confirmation of placement Reminders for external access for patient - =Answer>> never get it wet, don't remove dressing (we will change the dressing or replace if it falls off) Need Writing 🤔Help? We've Got You Covered! ✍ 100% NO A I or Plagiarism Guaranteed🤔
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HD patient range for Hemoglobin - =Answer>> 10- Phosphorus is - =Answer>> what keeps bones and heart healthy if in balance, has an inverse relationship with Ca HD patient range for Phosphorus - =Answer>> 3-5. spKT/V is - =Answer>> what tells if the patient is receiving adequate dialysis, clearance times time of tx in minutes divided by volume in (L) of urea distribution HD patient range for spKT/V - =Answer>> ≥1. iPTH is - =Answer>> what balances Ca and Phos, elevated Phos causes elevated PTH, leads to bone and heart damage HD patient range for iPTH - =Answer>> 150- Calcium (corrected) is - =Answer>> a mineral that keeps bones and muscles healthy HD patient range for Calcium (corrected) - =Answer>> 200- Hep B may be transmitted in a dialysis unit because it is transmitted via - =Answer>> blood There are specific procedures to control the spread of Hepatitis in the dialysis unit. What are they? - =Answer>> PPE use, hand washing, decontamination, disposal of supplies Need Writing 🤔Help? We've Got You Covered! ✍ 100% NO A I or Plagiarism Guaranteed🤔
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The four organs of the urinary tract are - =Answer>> Kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra (this is the flow path order as well) Osmosis is - =Answer>> Movement of FLUID through a semi-permeable membrane from and area of LOW SOLUTE to an area of HIGH SOLUTE concentration Machines and chairs are cleaned with ____________ routinely. - =Answer>> bleach 1: 1:10 bleach solution is used for spills of blood greater than - =Answer>> 10 mL The dialysate should be checked for what 3 things prior to starting each treatment? - =Answer>> pH, conductivity and temperature The kidneys inability to secrete what is the primary reason dialysis patients are anemic? - =Answer>> Erythropoeitin The functional unit of the kidney, or the structure in the kidney that does the work, is the: a) medulla b) cortex c) calyx d) nephron - =Answer>> D) Nephron A nephron is made up of: a) a glomerulus and a tubule b) the nephrons and a capsule c) the loop of henle and the capillary ball Need Writing 🤔Help? We've Got You Covered! ✍ 100% NO A I or Plagiarism Guaranteed🤔
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Symptoms that a patient may need more dialysis time include: a) hypotension, dehydration, weakness b) anorexia, fatigue, swelling c) fever. chills, malaise d) tremors, weakness, muscle cramps - =Answer>> B) anorexia, fatigue, swelling A semipermeable membrane is a porus barrier that: a) allows for only certain sized particles to cross b) prevents fungal contamination c) can distinguish between particles d) is biocompatible, non toxic, and hypoallergenic - =Answer>> A) allows for only certain sized particles to cross Diffusion is movement of particles: a) by filtration through a biocompatible membrane b) from an area of higher concentration c) into a vacuum created when fluids are forced through a membrane d) into a space created by solutions moving in countercurrent flow - =Answer>> B) from an area of higher concentration Negative pressure is pressure created when: a) larger amounts of filtration exist in a closed space b) fluids separated by a membrane flow in the same direction c) larger molecules drag smaller molecules across a membrane d) fluid is pulled through a restriction - =Answer>> d) fluid is pulled through a restriction Need Writing 🤔Help? We've Got You Covered! ✍ 100% NO A I or Plagiarism Guaranteed🤔
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During dialysis, ultrafiltration occurs when: a) water is removed from blood because there is a pressure gradient between blood and dialysate b) phosphorus is removed from blood because dialysate is low on phosphorus c) a higher concentration of sodium causes water to move from body compartments into the dialysate d) a suction device is applied to the venous trap and a Harvard Clamp is applied to the arterial side of the blood set - =Answer>> A) water is removed from blood because there is a pressure gradient between blood and dialysate At which point in the extracorporeal circuit is the blood usually under negative pressure? a) the arterial line section before the blood pump b) the arterial line section after the blood pump c) the venous chamber d) the venous line section after the venous chamber - =Answer>> A) the arterial line section before the blood pump Which of the following will increase the amount of solutes that will diffuse across the semipermeable membrane? a) high equilibrium b) low equilibrium c) high concentration gradients d) low concentration gradients - =Answer>> c) high concentration gradients The components of the dialysate treatment that affect clearance include: a) EPOGEN (Epoetin alfa), IV calcitriol, vancomycin Need Writing 🤔Help? We've Got You Covered! ✍ 100% NO A I or Plagiarism Guaranteed🤔
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Dialysate conductivity measures: a) the total electrical charge of a solution b) the total number of thermistors in a solution c) the total number of mL per solution d) the total number of gradients in a solution - =Answer>> A) the total electrical charge of a solution Dialysate that has too much sodium may cause patient injury. Too much sodium or hypernatremia can cause: a) headaches, high blood pressure, and shriveling of red blood cells b) low blood pressure, cramping, and bursting of red blood cells c) irregular heart beat, muscle weakness, and fatigue d) numbness, seizures, and muscle pain - =Answer>> A) headaches, high blood pressure, and shriveling of red blood cells Dialysate that has too much calcium can cause: a) headaches, high blood pressure, and shriveling of red blood cells b) low blood pressure, cramping, and bursting of red blood cells c) irregular heartbeat, severe muscle weakness d) vomiting, confusion, irritability - =Answer>> D) vomiting, confusion, irritability Dialysate that has too little sodium can cause: a) headaches, high blood pressure, and shriveling of red blood cells b) low blood pressure, cramping, and bursting of red blood cells c) irregular heartbeat, muscles weakness, and fatigue Need Writing 🤔Help? We've Got You Covered! ✍ 100% NO A I or Plagiarism Guaranteed🤔
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d) numbness, seizures, and muscle pain - =Answer>> B) low blood pressure, cramping, and bursting of red blood cells Dialysis treatment adequacy has been linked to patient outcomes, Delivering an adequate "dose" of dialysis is the responsibility of the patient care staff in a dialysis unit. Things that can affect dialysis adequacy include all of the following EXCEPT: a) time on treatment b) blood and dialysate flow rates c) luer lock connectors d) dialyzer clotting - =Answer>> C) luer lock connectors Normal body temperature taken orally is: a) 96.8 F b) 98.6 F c) 99.6 F d) 97.6 F - =Answer>> B) 98.6 F The instrument used for measuring blood pressure is called a : a) sphygmomanometer b) spirometer c) bronchoscope d) atrial flutter - =Answer>> a) sphygmomanometer A rapid pulse of 104 beats/min would indicate that the patient has: a) bradycardia b) tachycardia c) an arrhythmia d) atrial flutter - =Answer>> b) tachycardia Need Writing 🤔Help? We've Got You Covered! ✍ 100% NO A I or Plagiarism Guaranteed🤔
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If there is a decrease in the patient's URR or Kt/V, which of the following factors should be looked at? (Check all that apply) a) increased phosphorus intake b) increased access recirculation c) diminished dialyzer performance due to reprocessing d) inadequate anticoagulation of the blood e) blood pump speed - =Answer>> B) increased access recirculation C) diminished dialyzer performance due to reprocessing D) inadequate anticoagulation of the blood E) blood pump speed Which of the following is the 1st symptom that a patient developing dialysis disequilibrium syndrome is most likely to exhibit? a) hypotension b) chest pain c) headache d) increased appetite - =Answer>> C) headache A patient who is fluid overloaded will probably have which of the following sets of symptoms. Symptoms may be mild or severe a) tachycardia, hypertension, dyspnea b) fever, chills, malaise, localized tenderness c) hives, wheezing, anxiety, hypotension d) bradycardia, aches in large muscles, difficulty walking - =Answer>> A) tachycardia, hypertension, dyspnea "First use syndrome" is a hypersensitivity reaction to a dialyzer. It is characterized by: a) poor rinseback, dialyzer clotting, low residual HBV Need Writing 🤔Help? We've Got You Covered! ✍ 100% NO A I or Plagiarism Guaranteed🤔
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b) increased recirculation, high venous pressures, poor clearance c) back pain, anxiety, tachycardia, wheezing, circulatory collapse d) fever, chills, and malaise which may be self-limiting - =Answer>> C) back pain, anxiety, tachycardia, wheezing, circulatory collapse Dialyzer performance can be affected by reuse. Which of the following sets of potential problems may be related to reuse? a) increased recirculation, frequent needle infiltration b) frequent fluid overload, hypokalemia, anorexia c) blood leaks, first use syndrome, inconsistent ultrafiltration d) reduced dialyzer performance, plugged hollow fibers, changed fiber bundle volume - =Answer>> D) reduced dialyzer performance, plugged hollow fibers, changed fiber bundle volume AAMI standards recommend quality control activities before a reprocessed dialyzer is used on a patient. How many people must check the dialyzer to verify quality control information? a) the patient, only as long as he or she is sighted b) 2 people, one of whom should be the patient c) the medical director and the charge nurse d) 2 registered nurses and a patient care technician - =Answer>> B) 2 people, one of whom should be the patient Which of the following is NOT a symptoms of chemical reaction due to incomplete rinsing of germicide from a reprocessed dialyzer? Need Writing 🤔Help? We've Got You Covered! ✍ 100% NO A I or Plagiarism Guaranteed🤔
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d) AAMI designs water treatment systems for dialysis units - =Answer>> D) AAMI designs water treatment systems for dialysis units According to AAMI standards, bacteriologic testing for water and dialysate should take place: a( daily b) weekly c) monthly d) yearly - =Answer>> C) monthly According to the AAMI standards, the total microbial count of water used to prepare dialysate shall not exceed: a) 200 CFU/mL b) 400 CFU/mL c) 800 CFU/mL d) 1000 CFU/mL - =Answer>> A) 200 CFU/mL Stenosis is a major cause of access failure which, unless corrected, can lead to thrombosis and other complications. Which of the following are signs of stenosis? a) rales on the bases of both lungs b) changes in the thrill and bruit c) skin discoloration over the site of stenosis d) increase on the skin temperature at site of stenosis - =Answer>> B) changes in the thrill and bruit Describe 4 types of anastomosis for an internal arteriovenous fistula - =Answer>> 1) artery side to vein side anastomosis
- artery end to vein end anastomosis
- artery end to vein side anastomosis Need Writing 🤔Help? We've Got You Covered! ✍ 100% NO A I or Plagiarism Guaranteed🤔
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- artery side to vein end anastomosis Narrowing of a blood vessel - =Answer>> Stenosis Ballooning of a weak spot in a blood vessel wall - =Answer>> Aneurysm Blood clotting - =Answer>> Thrombosis Surgical connection between 2 blood vessels - =Answer>> Anastomosis Vibration from pulse of blood in a dialysis vascular access - =Answer>> Thrill Buzzing, swooshing sound heard in a fistula or graft - =Answer>> Bruit Infiltration refers to which of the following definitions? a) a pocket of blood inside the blood vessel b) a needle tip that punctures a vessel and goes out the other side, allowing blood to seep into the surrounding tissue c) the colonization of bacteria in a graft anastomosis d) the mixing of already dialyzed blood with arterial blood in the patient's access - =Answer>> B) a needle tip that punctures a vessel and goes out the other side, allowing blood to seep into the surrounding tissue Which of the following statements about catheters is true? a) Internal jugular vein is the preferred insertion site for both temporary and long term catheters Need Writing 🤔Help? We've Got You Covered! ✍ 100% NO A I or Plagiarism Guaranteed🤔
