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Understanding the Freezing and Melting Processes of Water: An Experiment, Study notes of Chemistry

Background information on the freezing and melting temperatures of water, explains the states of matter and how they change, and presents an experiment to investigate the effect of heat energy on the state of water. The document also discusses the role of salt in the freezing process and other chemicals used to melt ice.

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2021/2022

Uploaded on 09/12/2022

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Freezing and Melting of Water
PROBLEM: Will a decrease in heat energy cause water to freeze or melt?
BACKGROUND
Freezing temperature of water is:
32 F or 0 Celsius
Melting temperature of ice is:
32 F or 0 Celsius
Explain how the freezing & melting temperatures of water are related.
They are both same temperatures because water can be all the states of matter
What are the states of matter?
Solids, liquids, gas
Explain what causes substances to change from one state of matter to the next.
The temperature that the object is in can affect the substance and make it change
What happens during the freezing process?
The process when a liquid becomes a solid and the molecules contract/tighten
What happens during the melting process?
The process when a solid becomes a liquid and the molecules expand
What is meant by the term “lower state of matter”?
A solid
What is meant by the term “higher state of matter”?
Plasma
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Dictionary.com | Find the Meanings and Definitions of Words at Dictionary.com.
Web. 01 Oct. 2010. <http://dictionary.reference.com/>.
Trefil, James S., Rita Ann. Calvo, and Kenneth Cutler. McDougal Littell Physical
Science. Evanston, IL: McDougal Littell, 2006. Print
Define the following terms:
Physical Properties- any property used to characterize matter and energy and their interactions
Freezing- the process by which a substance changes from a liquid to a solid
Freezing point- the temperature where a specific liquid becomes a solid
Melting- the process by which a solid becomes a liquid
Melting Point- the lowest temperature when a substance melts
HYPOTHESIS- If the heat energy in the water decreases, then the water will freeze.
Independent variable- heat energy
Dependent variable- water
DATA & OBSERVATIONS
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Freezing and Melting of Water

PROBLEM: Will a decrease in heat energy cause water to freeze or melt?

BACKGROUND

  • Freezing temperature of water is: 32 F or 0 Celsius
  • Melting temperature of ice is: 32 F or 0 Celsius
  • Explain how the freezing & melting temperatures of water are related. They are both same temperatures because water can be all the states of matter
  • What are the states of matter? Solids, liquids, gas
  • Explain what causes substances to change from one state of matter to the next. The temperature that the object is in can affect the substance and make it change
  • What happens during the freezing process? The process when a liquid becomes a solid and the molecules contract/tighten
  • What happens during the melting process? The process when a solid becomes a liquid and the molecules expand
  • What is meant by the term “lower state of matter”? A solid
  • What is meant by the term “higher state of matter”? Plasma

BIBLIOGRAPHY:

Dictionary.com | Find the Meanings and Definitions of Words at Dictionary.com. Web. 01 Oct. 2010. http://dictionary.reference.com/. Trefil, James S., Rita Ann. Calvo, and Kenneth Cutler. McDougal Littell Physical Science. Evanston, IL: McDougal Littell, 2006. Print

Define the following terms: Physical Properties- any property used to characterize matter and energy and their interactions Freezing- the process by which a substance changes from a liquid to a solid Freezing point- the temperature where a specific liquid becomes a solid Melting- the process by which a solid becomes a liquid Melting Point- the lowest temperature when a substance melts

HYPOTHESIS- If the heat energy in the water decreases, then the water will freeze. Independent variable- heat energy Dependent variable- water DATA & OBSERVATIONS

  • Freezing temperature of water sample 0.2 °C
  • Melting temperature of water sample 3 °C

ANALYSIS

  1. What did this experiment help you understand or know about freezing and melting water? Give a detailed explanation. - We found out that the freezing and melting point of water is the same temperature.
  2. How does your research support your data (give specific research facts & the data you collected to support them). How does your research conflict with your experiment data? - The research was not the same as our experiment because our freezing and melting point were different than they were supposed to be 32 degrees
  3. What part does salt play in the freezing process?
    • Salt molecules bond with water molecules, making it more difficult for ice to form. The result is a solution with a lower freezing temperature.
  4. If salt impacts/speeds freezing, why do road crews use salt to melt snow and ice on winter roads? - Salt lowers the temperature at which water freezes and melts. They use it because when the temperature lowers it makes the ice melts