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Sharpen your foundational understanding of nursing with this concise Q&A guide. Covering the four primary aims of nursing, legal frameworks, organizational roles, and ANA practice standards, this set is perfect for exam prep, clinical interviews, or refreshing your professional scope.
1. What are the aims of nursing?
To promote health, prevent illness, restore health, and facilitate coping with death or disability.
2. What does promoting health entail?
Increasing well-being, facilitating lifestyle decisions that enhance quality of life, increasing health awareness, encouraging personal responsibility for health, teaching self-care, and providing referrals.
3. What does preventing illness entail?
Using educational and community programs, media resources, and health assessments to identify risks and promote healthy behaviors.
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4. What does restoring health entail?
Detecting illness through assessments, providing direct care, referring abnormal findings, collaborating with health professionals, teaching, rehabilitation, and supporting mental health and dependency recovery.
5. What does facilitate coping and death entail?
Helping patients and families cope with altered function, life crises, and end-of-life care, including hospice involvement.
6. How do the nurse practice acts affect nursing practice?
These state laws regulate nursing, define scope and responsibilities, create boards of nursing, set education/licensure criteria, and protect the public by restricting unlicensed practice.
7. How do the standards of nursing practice affect nursing?
Defined by the ANA, they ensure quality care, clarify roles, and protect nurses, patients, and institutions. Nurses are accountable for applying these standards.
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13. What are the ANA's standards of practice?
Assessment, diagnosis, outcomes identification, planning, implementation, evaluation, ethics, education, EBP and research, quality of practice, communication, leadership, collaboration, professional practice evaluation, resource utilization, environmental health, collegiality.
14. What is assessment?
Collecting data pertinent to the patient’s health or situation.
15. What is diagnosis?
Analyzing assessment data to identify diagnoses or issues.
16. What is outcomes identification?
Determining patient-specific outcomes and goals.
17. What is planning?
Developing a strategy to achieve the identified outcomes.
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18. What is implementation?
Executing the care plan and promoting a safe environment.
19. What is evaluation?
Assessing progress toward goals and making necessary adjustments.
20. What is ethics?
Practicing in accordance with ANA’s code of ethics.
21. What is education?
Ongoing learning to improve nursing knowledge and competence.
22. What is EBP and research?
Applying evidence-based practices and staying current with nursing research.
23. What is quality of practice?
The nurse contributes to quality nursing practice.
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29. What is environmental health?
The nurse practices in a manner that is environmentally safe and healthy.
30. What is collegiality?
The nurse interacts with and contributes to the professional development of peers and colleagues.
31. What is the ANA’s Code of Ethics?
The nurse practices with compassion and respect, advocates for the patient, is accountable, participates in improving environments and public policy, and collaborates to advance the profession.
32. What does nursing advocacy mean?
Advocacy means protecting and supporting the rights of patients, especially when they cannot speak for themselves.
33. What does accountability mean?
The nurse is answerable for the outcomes of actions taken.
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34. What does responsibility mean?
The nurse provides care in accordance with professional standards.
35. What does credentialing mean?
Processes that ensure professional competence: accreditation, certification, and licensure.
36. What is accreditation?
A process ensuring nursing schools meet minimum educational standards; includes voluntary and state approval.
37. What is licensure?
The legal process allowing someone to practice nursing after passing the NCLEX exam.
38. What is certification?
Validation of specialty knowledge, clinical experience, and judgment.
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44. What are the Good Samaritan Laws?
Protect healthcare professionals who provide emergency aid within their scope of practice.
45. What is the Americans with Disabilities Act?
Prohibits discrimination and requires reasonable accommodations for individuals with disabilities.
46. What is the Civil Rights Act?
Protects employees from discrimination based on race, religion, sex, or national origin, including pregnant individuals.
47. What is the Health Care Quality Improvement Act?
Encourages identifying and disciplining healthcare providers involved in unprofessional conduct.
48. What are patient’s rights?
Right to safe care, involvement in treatment decisions, privacy, proper discharge education, and help with bills.
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49. What is an intentional tort?
A willful act violating legal limits, e.g., assault, battery, defamation, false imprisonment, fraud.
50. What is an unintentional tort?
An accidental wrong such as negligence or malpractice that causes harm.
51. What is assault?
Threat or an attempt to make bodily contact with another person without their consent.
52. What is battery?
Assault that is carried out and includes physically touching another person.
53. What is defamation?
Making derogatory remarks that damage someone’s reputation. Slander is spoken. Libel is written.
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59. What is duty?
What a prudent nurse or healthcare provider is expected to do.
60. What is breach of duty?
Failure to meet expected standards of care.
61. What is causation?
The failure directly caused the patient’s injury.
62. What is damage?
Actual harm, injury, or loss suffered by the patient.
63. What is registration?
Recognition granted by a nongovernmental body after meeting specific criteria in a field.
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64. What is a diploma in nursing?
A 3-year, hospital-based training program that’s declining in use.
65. What is an associate in nursing?
A 2-year college program focused on care provision, management, and professional practice.
66. What is a bachelor's in nursing?
A 4-year university program preparing nurses for leadership, research, and community health.
67. What is autonomy?
Respecting patients' rights to make informed healthcare decisions.
68. What is nonmaleficence?
Avoiding harm and minimizing risk.
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75. What is the purpose and importance of collecting a health
history?
To establish a comprehensive patient database, identify problems and risks, prioritize care, and recognize contributing factors and complications.
76. What are the components of a health history?
Includes: Biographic data Occupation & finances Health source & past history Family & social profiles Environment Learning, lifestyle, spiritual, & psychological info Sleep, nutrition, medication use Review of systems and client profile
77. What are the components of a mental status exam?
Appearance Behavior Cognitive function Thought processes and perceptions
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78. What are strategies for collecting data?
Observing and listening to the client and family; analyzing and interpreting information systematically; using active and empathetic listening; asking open- ended and clarifying questions; ensuring the client's comfort; and summarizing key information.
79. What are the eight characteristics of a symptom?
- Location
- Character (e.g., dull, throbbing, stabbing, burning)
- Associated factors (e.g., nausea, dizziness)
- Patient’s perception (what they think is happening)
- Quantity or severity
- Timing
- Setting
- Aggravating or relieving factors
80. What is a complete database?
Collected during the initial assessment or upon hospital admission; includes a comprehensive health history and physical exam.
81. What is an episodic or problem-centered database?
Focused on one specific problem or body system; collected during a focused assessment.
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86. What are some examples of informatics in the workplace?
Electronic health records (EHR), telehealth, mobile devices, biomedical monitoring devices, and clinical research systems.
87. What is ROM?
Random Operating Memory; determines a device’s ability to process and store data temporarily during operation.
88. What is binary code?
The basic language of computers, composed of 0s and 1s, used to process and transmit digital data.
89. What is computer storage?
The process of saving data on a hard drive or server; data must be secure and backed up regularly.
90. What are examples of software?
Word processing, spreadsheets, database management, presentations, communication apps, and web browsers.
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91. What is data?
Raw numbers, characters, or facts, often gathered during admissions (e.g., health assessments). Data has no meaning until analyzed.
92. What is information?
Interpreted data used in clinical decision-making (e.g., recognizing a patient is febrile from a series of high temperatures).
93. What is knowledge?
Synthesized information used to make decisions and organize clinical thinking.
94. What are characteristics of quality information?
Accurate, quantifiable, verifiable, accessible, unbiased, comprehensive, relevant, and current.
95. What are web browsers?
Software applications that retrieve and display content from the internet (e.g., Chrome, Firefox, Safari).
