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FOUNDATION MIDTERM JERSEY COLLEGE LATEST EXAM
ALL 250 ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) LATEST
UPDATED VERSION 2024 /2025 ALREADY GRADED A+
(FULL REVISED EXAM)
advocate - ANSWER->the protection of human or legal rights and the securing of care for all patients based on the belief that patients have the right to make informed decisions about their health and lives caregiver - ANSWER->The provision of care to patients that combines both the art and the science of nursing in meeting physical, emotional, intellectual, sociocultural, and spiritual needs. As a caregiver, the nurse integrates the roles of communicator, teacher, counselor, leader, researcher, advocate, and collaborator to promote wellness through activities that prevent illness, restore health, and facilitate coping with disability or death. The role of caregiver is the primary role of the nurse. 4 Nursing Aims - ANSWER->1. promotes health
- prevent illness/disease
- restore health
- facilitate coping with disability or death(die with dignity)
Florence Nightingale - ANSWER->Established sanitary nursing care units. Founder of modern nursing. began professional education of nursing. nursing profession criteria - ANSWER->well defined body of specific and unique knowledge strong service oriented recognized authority by a professional group Code of Ethics Professional organization that sets standards Ongoing research Autonomy and self-regulation Standards of Nursing Practice - ANSWER->allow nurses to carry out professional roles, serving as protection for the nurse, the patient, and the institution where health care is provided Nurse Practice Act - ANSWER->laws established in each state in the US to regulate the practice of nursing Nursing Process - ANSWER->Assessment Diagnosis Planning Implementation Evaluation Used by the nurse to identify the patients health care needs and strengths, to establish and carry out a care plan to meet those needs, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the plan
Health Nursing Sister Callista Roy - ANSWER->Nursing interventions are needed when individuals demonstrate ineffective adaptive responses; adaptive modes. adaptation model, relationships between persons, universe, god, Adaptation model: assistance with the adaptation to stressors to facilitate the integration process of the client. Theory helps the "biospsychosocial" client modify external stimuli, adaptation will occur evidence-based practice - ANSWER->in nursing is a problem solving approach to making clinical decisions using the best evidence available PICOT format - ANSWER->Patient population Intervention or issue of interest Comparison intervention Outcome Time frame holistic health care - ANSWER->care that addresses the many dimensions that comprise the whole person- the nurse must understand and respect each persons own definition of health and responses to illness acute illness - ANSWER->has a rapid onset of symptoms and lasts only a relatively short time
chronic illness - ANSWER->irreversible illness that causes permanent physical impairment and requires long-term health care chronic disease - ANSWER->heart disease, stroke, cancer, type 2 diabetes, obesity, arthritis Illness Behaviors - ANSWER->actions taken by a person who feels sick and indulges in the behavior for the purpose of defining the state of his or her health and for discovering suitable remedies Illness behaviors - ANSWER->Stage 1: Experiencing symptoms Stage 2: Assuming the sick role Stage 3: Assuming a dependent role Stage 4: Achieving recovery and rehabilitation The human dimensions - ANSWER->Physical-genetic inheritence, race, sex Emotional- the mind effects, stress Intellectual-educational background Environmental- housing, climate Sociocultural- family and culture Spiritual-spiritual beliefs and values health promotion - ANSWER->behavior of an individual motivated by a personal desire to increase well-being and health potential
the agent-host-environment model - ANSWER->views the interaction between an external agent, a susceptible host, and the environment as causes of disease in a person Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - ANSWER->(level 1) Physiological Needs, (level 2) Safety and Security, (level 3) Love and Belonging, (level 4) Self Esteem, (level 5) Self Actualization Physiologic needs include: - ANSWER->oxygen, water, food, elimination, temperature, sexuality, physical activity, and rest Safety and Security needs include: - ANSWER->being protected from potential or actual harm, trusting others, being free and clear of fear, anxiety, and apprehension Love and belonging needs include: - ANSWER->feeling of belonging to a group such as family, peers, friends, giving and receiving love Self-esteem needs include: - ANSWER->the need for one to feel good about himself, to feel pride, and a sense of accomplishment self-actualization needs include: - ANSWER->reach their full potential through development of their unique capabilities Family - ANSWER->any group of people who live together and depend on one another for physical, emotional, or financial support
community health nursing - ANSWER->focuses on whole populations within a community Community based nursing - ANSWER->~ Is centered on the health care needs of individuals and families culture - ANSWER->shared set of beliefs, values, knowledge, and patterns of behavior common to a group of people cultural diversity - ANSWER->The coexistence of different ethnic, gender, racial, and socioeconomic groups within one social unit Subculture - ANSWER->large group of ppl who are members of the larger cultural group but have a certain ethnic, occupational, or physical characteristics cultural assimilation - ANSWER->Absorption of a culturally distinct group into a dominant or prevailing culture ethnicity - ANSWER->Identity with a group of people that share distinct physical and mental traits as a product of common heredity and cultural traditions. Stereotyping - ANSWER->when one assumes that all members of a culture, ethnic group, or race act alike
practice, short staffing issues, beginning of life issues, end- of life issues modeling - ANSWER->Children learn what is of high or low value by observing parents, peers, and significant others. Moralizing - ANSWER->Taught complete value system that allows little opportunity to assess their own values.x church or school Laissez-faire - ANSWER->leave children to explore values on their own rewards and punishments - ANSWER->children are rewarded for demonstrating values held by parents and punished for demonstrating unacceptable values responsible choice - ANSWER->encourage children to explore competing values and to weigh their consequences autonomy - ANSWER->right to self-determination alturism - ANSWER->a concern for others; generosity Social Justice - ANSWER->upholding moral, legal, and humanistic principles Bioethics - ANSWER->a number of fields and disciplines grouped broadly under the rubric "the life sciences"
nursing ethics - ANSWER->a subset of bioethics; formal study of ethical issues that arise in the practice of nursing and of the analysis used by nurses to make ethical judgments Nonmaleficence - ANSWER->do no harm fidelity - ANSWER->keeping promises and commitments made to others Beneficence - ANSWER->to do good moral distress - ANSWER->occurs when the individual knows the right thing to do but organizational constraints make it difficult to take the right course of action ethical dilemma - ANSWER->a situation in which you have to decide whether to pursue a course of action that may benefit you or your organization but that is unethical or even illegal Common Law - ANSWER->court made law- let the decision stand nurse practice acts - ANSWER->laws established in each state in the US to regulate the practice of nursing state legislation - ANSWER->what is the scope of nursing practice defined by
Elements of Liability for Nursing Malpractice - ANSWER->duty, breach of duty, causation, damages-actual harm competent practice - ANSWER->Each nurse is responsible for making sure that his or her educational background and clinical experience are adequate to fulfill the nursing responsibilities described in the job description. it includes developing sensitivity to common sources of patient injury, and then taking specific measures to prevent injury. Documentation of practice is key. Informed consent includes - ANSWER->disclosure, comprehension, competence, and voluntariness delegating - ANSWER->as a nurse you remain accountable for any actions you delegate. You cant delegate the nursing process documentation - ANSWER->A crucial legal safeguard for the nurse. Must be factual, accurate, complete, and done in a timely fashion incident report - ANSWER->Also called a variance or occurrence report, is a tool used by healthcare agencies to document the occurrence of anything out of the ordinary that results in or has the potential to result in harm to a patient, employee, or visitor.
Student liability - ANSWER->As a student nurse you are responsible for your own acts of negligence if these result in patient injury and are held to the same standards of care that would be used to evaluate a the actions of a registered nurse. For no reason should you attempt a clinical procedure if you are unsure of the correct steps involved. As a student nurse you are also responsible for being familiar with agency policies and procedures. Primary Health Care - ANSWER->family planning, prenatal care, immunization, health education, medications, diagnostic test Secondary Health Care - ANSWER->Disease identification and management Tertiary Health Care - ANSWER->Management of rare and complex disorders medical home - ANSWER->an enhanced model of primary care that provides whole-person, accessible, comprehensive, ongoing, and coordinated patient-centered care DRGs - ANSWER->Diagnosis Related Groups-a classification system for hospital inpatients based on the principal diagnosis; reimbursement is usually based on days of stay. shorter hospital stays reflects - ANSWER->means that most hospital care is focused on the acute needs of the patient. Improved treatment of diseases, increased emphasis on
Q - Question and answer Collaborative practice - ANSWER->what happens when multiple health workers from different professional backgrounds work together with patients, families, carers, and communities to deliver the highest quality of care. Admission - ANSWER->during admission the nurse acts not only as a health care provider but as an advocate concerned about the welfare of the patient Transfer withing the hospital - ANSWER->personal belonging must be moved to the new room Transfer to a new unit - ANSWER->The nurse gives a verbal report about the patient to the nurse in the new area using the approved hand off technique discharge planning - ANSWER->- an interdisciplinary process started by nurse at time of admission
- conducted with both client and client's family for optimal results Leaving the Hospital Against Medical Advice - ANSWER->must sign a form that releases the provider and healthcare institution from any legal responsibility for the patients health status Home Health care patient rights - ANSWER->voice grievances, reasonable continuity of care, timely responses from the
facility, refuse treatment, choice of care providers, be fully informed of patient rights Newborns Normal Vital Signs - ANSWER->Temperature: 96.7-
Pulse BPM: 70- 190 Respirations Breaths PM: 30- 40 BP: 73/ Adult Normal Vital Signs - ANSWER->Temperature: 96.4-99. Pulse BPM: 60- 100 Respirations Breaths PM: 12- 20 BP: 120/ Factors Affecting body Temperature - ANSWER->* Time of day.
- Age.
- Gender.
- Physical activity.
- State of health.
- Environment temperatures. heat transfer - ANSWER->conduction, convection, radiation, evaporation Hypothermia - ANSWER->abnormally low body temperature Factors affecting the pulse - ANSWER->age & gender physical activity fever & stress
Dyspnea - ANSWER->difficult or labored breathing bradypnea - ANSWER->slow breathing Tachypnea - ANSWER->rapid breathing blood pressure (BP) - ANSWER->measurement of pressure exerted by blood against walls of blood vessel Hypertension - ANSWER->high blood pressure hypotension - ANSWER->low blood pressure Risk factors for hypertension - ANSWER->smoking, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, genetics, age, poor diet orthostatic hypotension - ANSWER->low blood pressure that occurs upon standing up Bill of Rights for Registered Nurses - ANSWER->To aid in improving workplaces and ensuring nurses' ability to provide safe, quality patient care. Makes clear what is absolutely nonnegotiable in the workplace. Fall Risk Factors - ANSWER->-Poor Vision
- Cognitive dysfunction (confusion, disorientation, impaired memory/judgement)
- Impaired gait or balance and difficulty walking b/c of LE dysfunction
- Difficulty getting in/out of bed/chair
- Orthostatic hypotension
- Urinary frequency or receiving diuretics
- Weakness from disease process or therapy
- Current med regimen that includes sedative, hypnotics, tranquilizers, narcotic analgesics, and diuretics Box 32-2 page 729 poison control center - ANSWER->a 24-hour hot line that provides emergency medical advice on treating poisoning victims sentinel event - ANSWER->an unexpected occurrence involving death or serious physical or psychological injury, or the risk thereof restraints - ANSWER->are physical devices used to limit a patients movement *always require an order , a reason, and need to be checked every 2 hours RACE - ANSWER->rescue anyone in immediate danger activate the fire code confine the fire by closing doors and windows, Evacuate the patients and others to a safe area
