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Lesson 2: Forms of Energy and Chemical Reactions in Light Sticks, Lecture notes of Physics of Energy Devices

An overview of various forms of energy, including kinetic, radiant, thermal, motion, sound, electrical, potential, chemical, and nuclear energy. It also includes a science investigation report on the effect of temperature on the brightness of glow sticks, which are a type of chemical reaction. Students are encouraged to conduct their experiment and record their observations and conclusions.

Typology: Lecture notes

2021/2022

Uploaded on 09/27/2022

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Adapted from The NEED Project, Manassas, VA
Extra copy for Lesson 2 So teacher can
review this info at the beginning of Lesson 2
FORMS OF ENERGY
All forms of energy fall under two categories
KINETIC
Kinetic energy is energy in motion
RADIANT ENERGY
Radiant energy travels in transverse waves.
Radiant energy includes visible light, x-rays,
gamma rays, and radio waves. Solar energy is
an example of radiant energy.
THERMAL ENERGY
Thermal energy (or heat) is the internal energy
in substances; is it the vibration and movement
of atoms and molecules within substances.
Geothermal energy is an example of thermal
energy.
MOTION
The movement of objects or substances from
one place to another is motion. Wind and
hydropower are examples of motion.
SOUND
Sound is the movement of energy through
substances in longitudinal waves.
ELECTRICAL ENERGY
Electrical energy is the movement of electrons.
Lightning and electricity are examples of
electrical energy.
POTENTIAL
Potential energy is stored energy
CHEMICAL ENERGY
Chemical energy is the energy stored in the
bonds of atoms and molecules. Biomass,
petroleum, natural gas, propane and coal are
examples of stored chemical energy.
NUCLEAR ENERGY
Nuclear energy is the energy stored in the
nucleus of an atom. It is the energy that holds
the nucleus together. The nucleus of a uranium
atom is an example of nuclear energy.
STORED MECHANICAL ENERGY
Stored mechanical energy is energy stored in
objects by the application of a force.
Compressed springs and stretched rubber
bands are examples of stored mechanical
energy.
GRAVITATIONAL ENERGY
Gravitational energy is the energy of place or
position. Water in a reservoir behind a
hydropower dam is an example of gravitational
potential energy. When the water is released
to spin the turbines, it becomes kinetic energy.
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Download Lesson 2: Forms of Energy and Chemical Reactions in Light Sticks and more Lecture notes Physics of Energy Devices in PDF only on Docsity!

Adapted from The NEED Project, Manassas, VA

Extra copy for Lesson 2 – So teacher can review this info at the beginning of Lesson 2

FORMS OF ENERGY

All forms of energy fall under two categories

KINETIC

Kinetic energy is energy in motion

RADIANT ENERGY

Radiant energy travels in transverse waves.

Radiant energy includes visible light, x-rays,

gamma rays, and radio waves. Solar energy is

an example of radiant energy.

THERMAL ENERGY

Thermal energy (or heat) is the internal energy

in substances; is it the vibration and movement

of atoms and molecules within substances.

Geothermal energy is an example of thermal

energy.

MOTION

The movement of objects or substances from

one place to another is motion. Wind and

hydropower are examples of motion.

SOUND

Sound is the movement of energy through

substances in longitudinal waves.

ELECTRICAL ENERGY

Electrical energy is the movement of electrons.

Lightning and electricity are examples of

electrical energy.

POTENTIAL

Potential energy is stored energy

CHEMICAL ENERGY

Chemical energy is the energy stored in the

bonds of atoms and molecules. Biomass,

petroleum, natural gas, propane and coal are

examples of stored chemical energy.

NUCLEAR ENERGY

Nuclear energy is the energy stored in the

nucleus of an atom. It is the energy that holds

the nucleus together. The nucleus of a uranium

atom is an example of nuclear energy.

STORED MECHANICAL ENERGY

Stored mechanical energy is energy stored in

objects by the application of a force.

Compressed springs and stretched rubber

bands are examples of stored mechanical

energy.

GRAVITATIONAL ENERGY

Gravitational energy is the energy of place or

position. Water in a reservoir behind a

hydropower dam is an example of gravitational

potential energy. When the water is released

to spin the turbines, it becomes kinetic energy.

Lesson 2 Overhead 1 of 6

Adapted from The NEED Project, Manassas, VA

Lesson 2 Overhead 3 of 6

Energy Flow Diagram:

Dried Fruit

Box 1

Box 2

Box 3

Dried

Fruit

Add real pictures to each box on

the previous page; cut & laminate.

Use as a Sort Activity

Lesson 2 Overhead 5 of 6

Science Investigation Report: Glow Sticks

Name ___________________________

Challenge: Using the materials provided, investigate the effect of thermal

energy on a chemical reaction.

Background research:

Light sticks have two chemicals inside them (hydrogen peroxide and phenyl oxalate ester with a fluorescent dye). The hydrogen peroxide is in the plastic tube. The ester is in the glass container inside the plastic tube. If you bend the light stick and break the glass container, the chemicals begin to react and form a new chemical. The chemical reaction also produces light by energizing the dye.

What is your question?

(Example: How does change in temperature affect the brightness of the Glow

Stick?)

____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

Hypothesis

What is your hypothesis?

If Glow Sticks are place in the hot and cold water

then the Glow Stick in the ____________water will be____________________________

because _________________________________________________________________

Materials

____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

Procedure

List the steps in the design of your investigation.

1. ______________________________________________________________________

2. ______________________________________________________________________

3. ______________________________________________________________________

4. ______________________________________________________________________

Science Investigation Report

Data (sample graph)

Dim Bright Dazzling/Brilliant

Hot

H 2 O

_____

Temp

Cold

H 2 O

_____

Temp

Control

_____

Temp

Analysis:

How does temperature affect the brightness of a Glow Stick?_________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________

Lesson 2 Overhead 6 of 6

CHEMICAL REACTIONS: LIGHT STICKS

BACKGROUND: Light sticks have two chemicals inside them (hydrogen peroxide and phenyl oxalate ester with a fluorescent dye). The hydrogen peroxide is in the plastic tube. The ester is in the glass container inside the plastic tube. If you bend the light stick and break the glass container, the chemicals begin to react and form a new chemical. The chemical reaction also produces light by energizing the dye.

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of heat on a chemical reaction.

QUESTION: If you put a light stick into cool water, then into hot (not boiling) water, how does the amount of light produced by the light stick change?

PREDICTION:

MATERIALS: 3 light sticks of the same color, 3 - 250 ml beakers, 3 thermometers, hot, room temperature, and cool water

PROCEDURE: 1. Bend the light stick until the glass container inside breaks, and then shake it to mix the chemicals.

  1. Observe the amount of light the light stick produces.
  2. Fill one beaker with 150 ml of hot water, one with 150ml of room temperature and one with 150 ml of cool water and record the temperatures. HOT WATER: ________ °F ________ °C COOL WATER: ________ °F _______°C ROOM TEMP WATER _____ F ______C
  3. Place the light stick in the cool water and observe the amount of light the light stick produces.
  4. Place the other light stick in the hot water and observe the amount of light the light stick produces. Remove the light stick from the hot water.
  5. Place the third light stick in the room temperature water and observe the amount of light the light stick produces.

OBSERVATIONS:

CONCLUSION: How does heat affect a chemical reaction?

From The NEED Project, Manassas, VA