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The formation of the anti-terror coalition after 9/11, discussing key terms, persons, and places involved. It delves into the concept of coalitional diplomacy, american motivations, and the responses of coalition members. The document also touches upon the stick and carrot motivations and the eventual disbanding of the coalition. Key thinkers michael mandelbaum and robert keohane provide additional insights.
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Key Terms: Anti-Terror Coalition, Strategic Partnership, “One-night-stand,” Multilateralism/Unilateralism, globalization, Bandwagon Effect, “Bush Doctrine” Key Persons: George W Bush, Bill Clinton, Tony Blair, Saddam Hussein, Ayatollah Khamenei, Islam Karimov Key Places: Caspian Sea, Southeast Asia, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Bulgaria, Russia, Iran, Iraq, “money laundry havens,” Switzerland, Britain, Germany, France, Indonesia
I. The Concept of Coalitional Diplomacy American U-turn from Multilateralism to Unilateralism The Post-Cold War Multi-polarity: the “1-5” Status Quo Types of Coalitions: Long-term Ally, Ad hoc Coalition, Strategic Partnership, One-Night-Stand
II. The American Motivations of Building the Anti-Terror Coalition Legacy of the Clinton Administration: Israel, North Korea and China Strategic Cooperation in the War against Taliban Self-motivation to Expand American Power Shockwave Effect: Miscalculation of the Opposition Capabilities
III. Members of the Anti-Terror Coalition Band A: Old Allies Band B: New Allies with Full Support, including Military Participation The Irony of History: the ex-Communist Allies The Irony of Human Rights: the Case of Uzbekistan and President Karimov Band C: “Offer of Cooperation” Band X1: Expression of Mouthful Sympathy Band X2: Expression of Joy The Response of Iraq (Saddam Hussein) and Iran (Ayatollah Khamenei)
IV. The Stick and Carrot Motivations of the Coalition Members The “Sticks”: the “Bush Doctrine” and the White House Pressure Bandwagon Effect: Authorization of International Standing The “Carrots”: Convergence of Global “T”errorism and Local “t”errorisms An Universal Action of States Versus Non-states
V. Conclusion – Towards the American U-turn Reassessing the Nature of the Anti-Terror Coalition Second Thoughts of the Member States: Violation of Traditional Neutrality/ Friendship Internal Sympathy towards Terrorism and Anti-Americanism Conflicts with the Expanding American Sphere of Interests Silent Termination of the Coalition: December 2001 Question: (1)Why did the USA build up the Anti-Terror Coalition, but later repudiated the whole multilateral concept? (2)Why could the Coalition gain initial support from most countries of the world? Main Text: Michael Mandelbaum: “Diplomacy in Wartime – New Priorities and Alignments” (H&R P.255-268) Supplementary Text: Robert Keohane: “The Public Delegitimation of Terrorism and Coalition Politics” (B&D P.141-151)