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Forestry and Forest Management Question with Accurate Answers, Exams of Forestry

London Institute of Business and Technology (LIBT)Forestry

Forestry and Forest Management Question with Accurate Answers

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 05/31/2025

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Forestry and Forest Management Question with
Accurate Answers
Forest correct answer 1)any ecosystem with a high density of trees
2)Provide habitat for organisms and help maintain the quality of soil, air, and water
3)Provide wood for fuel, construction, paper
Forest types correct answer Defined by predominant tree species
Thes chagne based on soil and climate
Forest biodiversity correct answer 1)They are structurally complex, with many niches
2)They provide food and shelter for multitudes of species
3)Fungi and microbes have parasitic and mutualistic relationships with plants
Canopy correct answer Upper level of treees and branches in the treetop
Subcanopy correct answer The middle and lower portions of trees
UNderstory correct answer Shurbs, small trees and arid plants on the forest floor
Forestry correct answer Forest management
Sustainable forest management is spreading
Foresters correct answer 1) Professional managers
2) Balance demand for forest prodcts (short term) vs. the importance of forests as ecosystems
REsource management correct answer Strategies to manage renewable resources
Sustainable management doesn't deplete resources
Managers influenced social, political, and economic factor
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Forestry and Forest Management Question with

Accurate Answers

Forest correct answer 1)any ecosystem with a high density of trees 2)Provide habitat for organisms and help maintain the quality of soil, air, and water 3)Provide wood for fuel, construction, paper Forest types correct answer Defined by predominant tree species Thes chagne based on soil and climate Forest biodiversity correct answer 1)They are structurally complex, with many niches 2)They provide food and shelter for multitudes of species 3)Fungi and microbes have parasitic and mutualistic relationships with plants Canopy correct answer Upper level of treees and branches in the treetop Subcanopy correct answer The middle and lower portions of trees UNderstory correct answer Shurbs, small trees and arid plants on the forest floor Forestry correct answer Forest management Sustainable forest management is spreading Foresters correct answer 1) Professional managers

  1. Balance demand for forest prodcts (short term) vs. the importance of forests as ecosystems REsource management correct answer Strategies to manage renewable resources Sustainable management doesn't deplete resources Managers influenced social, political, and economic factor

SFI correct answer SUstainable Forest iniative Maximum sustainable yield correct answer Aims to achieve the maximum amount of resource extraction without depleting the resource from onw harvest to the next Populatins grow fastest at what size correct answer 1) At an intermediate size

  1. For sustainability resource managers use the strategy of making the population be half of its carrying capacity Ecological side affects of this type of sustainability correct answer 1) Reduced population size will impact predators on the species or prey of the species
  2. Harvesting timber when trees complete their fastest growth means forests without large trees When to managers harvest populations correct answer 1)When they are in their intermediate growth phase
  3. THis is the fastest growth phase allow you to maintain the maximum sustainable yield
  4. Allow you to sacrifice yield but allows the populatin to sustain itself Ecosystem based management correct answer 1) Managing resource harvesting to minimize impacts on ecosystems and ecological processes Sustainable certified forestry land protect areas (what principles do they follow) correct answer 1) Restore ecologically important habitat
  5. Consider patterns at the landscape level
  6. Preserve the forest's functional integrity Why is it challenging to implement Ecosystem based management correct answer 1) Ecosystems are complex
  7. Different managers may have different ideas
  1. Destroys and fragments habitats
  2. Leads to soil erosion, floodings and water pollution
  3. Resulting climax community may be different Strip cutting correct answer 1)A variation of clear cutting that allows a more sustainable timber yeild without widespread destruction 2)Clear cuts only a strip of trees along the contour of land in order to allow that strip to regenerate HOw widely used is clear cutting correct answer most widely used harvesting method Seed tree approach correct answer A few seed producing tress are left standing to reseed the logged area A forester/arborist will assess the area to find these very reproductive trees Shelterwood approach correct answer 1) SOme trees are left to provide shelter for the seedlings as they grow Selection systems correct answer 1) Only select trees are cut
  4. Single tree selection (widely space trees are cut)
  5. Group tree selection (small patches of trees are cut)
  6. Results in uneven stands
  7. MOST sustainable
  8. Most expensive Downsides to all methods correct answer 1) All methods disturb habitat and affect species
  9. Change forest structure and composition
  10. Increased runoff, flooding, erosion, siltatin, landslides Multiple use correct answer Policy that natinal forests are to be managed for recreation, habitat, minerals, and other uses

Tree harvesting methods from most to least expensive correct answer 1) Selection systems

  1. Shelterwood/seed tree approach
  2. Clear cutting Tree harvesting methods from most sustainable to least sustainable correct answer 1) Selection systems
  3. Shelterwood/seed tree approach
  4. Clear cutting National forest management act correct answer 1)passed by Congress in 1976, mandated that every national forest formulate plans for renewable resource management based on: -Multiple use -Maximum sustainable yield -Public input US forest Service Programs correct answer 1)Manage wildlife, non-game animals, endangered species 2)Push for ecosystem-based management 3)Run programs for ecological restoration New Forestry correct answer Approaches calling for timber cuts that mimic natural events Roadless rule correct answer President Clinton issued an executive order in 2001 known as the roadless rule, which protected 31% of national forests from logging Had strong public support Bush administration regulation correct answer The Bush administration rolled back regulations in 2004 States were to decide how their national forests would be managed (Obama reinstated roadless rule policies)

Downside of Tree plantations correct answer 1) They only have one or two species of tree

  1. Much less biodiversity
  2. They do not provide wildlife habitats or ecosystem services
  3. Topsoil depletion is another issue Why should we value forest correct answer The provide essential economic and ecosystem services to our planet Ecosystem services of a forest correct answer 1)Stabilize soil and prevent erosion 2)Slow runoff, prevent flooding, purify water 3)Store carbon, release oxygen, influence weather patterns, and moderate climate
  4. Roots draw minerals to the surface soil layers for plants to use Economic services of forest correct answer 1) Provide us with raw materials (wood and more)
  5. This wood can be biofuel or industrial wood
  6. MEdinces, dies, fibers
  7. Animals and plants and mroe for food Health benefits of forests correct answer Forests provide us with tranditional medicines and chemicals to make prescription drugs COmmerical timber is commonly extracted from correct answer Boreal forests of Canada and Russia Rainforests in countries such as Brazil and Indonesia Pine plantations and conifer forests in the United States Surface fires correct answer 1) Usually burn only undergrowth and leaf litter
  8. Spare most mature treets and allow msot wild animals to escape

Benefits of occasional surface fires correct answer 1) Burn dry brush to prevent worse fires

  1. Free valueble minerals in the undergrowth
  2. release seeds from pinecones
  3. Stimulate germination of tree seeds
  4. Control destructive insects and tree diseases Crown fire correct answer 1) Extremely hot fire
  5. Burns whole trees
  6. Happens when a very dry forest has NOT had a surface fire for a while
  7. Destructive to wildlife and soil Where are forest fires threatening the most correct answer They are most threatening in parts of the world where forests are burned intentionally to clear land Disease and insects can also be used to do this Climate change's affect on forests correct answer 1) Rising temperatures and increasing drought influenced by warming atmosphere
  8. Increases pest outbreaks and intensity of forest fires (kills lots of trees) Wildland urban interface correct answer housing developments that are near forests are vulnerable to forest fires Increased residential development has placed more homes in danger Prescribed burns correct answer burning areas of forests under carefully controlled conditions to clear away fuel loads, nourish soil, encourage growth of new vegetation Salvage logging correct answer removal of small trees, underbrush, and dead trees by timber companies after a disturbance What are the impacts of salvage logging correct answer 1)Snags (standing dead trees) provide nesting and roosting cavities for countless animals

Concession correct answer 1)corporations pay the government for the right to extract resources 2)Corporations have no incentive to manage the forest sustainably 3)Temporary jobs and forest resources are soon lost 4)Wood is exported to North America and Europe Conservation concessions correct answer organizations buy rights to forests to keep them intact rather than deforest them REDD correct answer REDD = Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation Wealthy nations would pay poor nations to conserve forests to prevent/store greenhouse gas emission to offset their own carbon emissions Not formally agreed to yet though Has forest cover anywhere increase ( is their ANY good news) correct answer 1) Yes

  1. Many countries like the US have either change little or increased How has forest cover increased in these countries correct answer 1) Secondary succession on cleared forest areas
  2. Spread of commercial tree plantations
  3. Global program to plant billions of trees in tree plantations wilderness areas correct answer 1)areas off-limits to development to assure that some areas were protected in their natural condition 2)Open only to hiking, nature study, and other low- impact activities Tropical Forests correct answer 1) These forests are disapearing rapidly
  4. Large areas of tropical dry and wet forests are being cut around the world Tropical Forest's impact on the carbon cycle correct answer They absorb and store a third of the terrestrial carbon on the planet

Terrestial life in tropical forests correct answer Nearly half of all terrestrial species period lives in these forests THey have specialized niches and are prone to extinction due to deforestation Ecological tipping point correct answer 1) Caused by dehydrate topsoil that is exposedto sunlight because of deforestation

  1. This is an irreversable point by which a forest cannot grow back in the area and is replaced by a savanna Underlying causes of Tropical deforestation correct answer 1) Pressures from population growth and poverty
  2. Push subsistence farers and poor into forests to try to survive Government subsides correct answer These can fuel deforestation Reducing the cost of timber harvesting, cattle grazing and plantation farmers caused deforestation Palm oil correct answer 1)In Indonesia, forest is cut for palm oil plantations 2)Palm oil is used in snack foods, soaps, cosmetics, biofuel 3)Clearing encourages further development and illegal logging Global trade correct answer THis has worsented tropical forest degradation since large amounts of as unsustainably cut wood is being traded Sustainable forest certification correct answer 1)products produced sustainably can be certified by organizations 2)The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) has the strictest standards National parks correct answer public lands protected from resource extraction and development Open to nature appreciation and recreation

Debt for nature swap correct answer 1)a conservation organization pays off a portion of a developing country's international debt 2)In exchange, the country promises to: -Set aside reserves -Fund environmental education -Better manage protected areas Edge effects correct answer = impacts that result because conditions along a fragment's edge are different than conditions in the interior This is why habitat fragmentation is bad Island biogeological theory correct answer 1)explains how species come to be distributed among oceanic islands 2)The number of island species results from a balance between species added versus species lost

  1. Predicted by the island's size and distance from the mainland Distance effect correct answer the farther an island is from the continent, the fewer species find and colonize it Area effect correct answer 1)large islands have more species than small island. There are multiple reasons: 2)Larger islands have higher immigration rates—they are fatter targets 3)Larger islands have lower extinction rates—more space allows for larger populations 4)They have more habitats, environments, and variety Species area curves correct answer 1)show the relationship between the size of an island and the number of species it holds 2)Number of species doubles as island size increases 10x
  2. Pattern holds in loss of mammals in U.S. national parks

How can protected areas protect biodiversity correct answer the size and placement of protected areas are key to protecting biodiversity SLOSS dilemma correct answer which is better to protect species: a single large or several small reserves? Depends on the species: wildebeest vs. insects Corridors correct answer 1)protected land that allows animals to travel between islands of habitat 2)Animals get more habitat 3)Enables gene flow between populations

  1. Will become more important that parks and protected areas in the future