(FOR) NUR104 Foundations of Nursing - Readiness Exam Guide - 2024, Exams of Nursing

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NUR

Foundations of Nursing

READINESS EXAM GUIDE

Q & S

1. Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a primary principle of surgical asepsis? A) Pathogens are present on all objects until they are sterilized. B) Sterile objects become unsterile when touched by unsterile objects. C) All fluids are considered contaminated. D) Air pressure in the operating room must be lower than the pressure in adjacent areas. Correct Answer : B Rationale: The principle of surgical asepsis states that sterile objects remain sterile only when touched by other sterile objects. This prevents contamination and maintains a sterile field during procedures.
2. Fill-in-the-Blank: The ________ is the smallest functional unit of the kidney involved in the process of urine formation. Correct Answer : Nephron Rationale: The nephron is the microscopic structure in the kidney responsible for filtering blood and forming urine, making it a crucial component in the urinary system.
3. True/False: The autonomic nervous system is a voluntary control system. Correct Answer : False Rationale: The autonomic nervous system operates involuntarily and regulates bodily functions such as heart rate, digestion, and respiratory rate.
4. Multiple Response: Select all that apply. Which of the

glycogen synthesis in the liver.

8. Multiple Response: Select all that apply. Which factors influence the process of wound healing? A) Age B) Nutritional status C) Presence of infection D) Medications E) Client's mobility Correct Answer s: A, B, C, D, E Rationale: These factors can either positively or negatively affect the body's ability to repair and regenerate tissue after an injury.
9. Multiple Choice: In which stage of sleep does the body experience increased brain activity and vivid dreams? A) Stage 1 B) Stage 2 C) Stage 3 D) REM sleep Correct Answer : D Rationale: REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep is characterized by increased brain activity, paralysis of voluntary muscles, and vivid dreaming.
10. Fill-in-the-Blank: The hormone ________ is primarily responsible for the regulation of the menstrual cycle and pregnancy. Correct Answer : Progesterone Rationale: Progesterone prepares the endometrium for the potential of pregnancy after ovulation and modulates the menstrual cycle.

11. True/False: The liver is responsible for the synthesis of clotting factors. Correct Answer : True Rationale: The liver plays a vital role in the production of clotting factors, which are essential for blood coagulation.
12. Multiple Response: Select all that apply. Which of the following are functions of the skin? A) Protection B) Sensation C) Vitamin D synthesis D) Immune response E) Temperature regulation Correct Answer s: A, B, C, D, E Rationale: The skin serves multiple functions including protection against pathogens, sensation of touch, synthesis of vitamin D, participation in immune responses, and regulation of body temperature.
13. Multiple Choice: What is the primary function of the respiratory system? A) Nutrient distribution B) Waste elimination C) Gas exchange D) Blood filtration Correct Answer : C Rationale: The primary function of the respiratory system is to facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and the environment.
14. Fill-in-the-Blank: ________ is the term used to describe a decrease in the size of cells, leading to a reduction in tissue mass.

system to produce an immune response, leading to the development of active immunity.

18. Fill-in-the-Blank: The ________ is the muscular tube that transports food from the pharynx to the stomach. Correct Answer : Esophagus Rationale: The esophagus is a part of the digestive system that conveys food and liquids from the mouth to the stomach for digestion.
19. True/False: Osteoblasts are cells that break down bone tissue. Correct Answer : False Rationale: Osteoblasts are cells that are involved in the formation and mineralization of bone, whereas osteoclasts are responsible for bone resorption.
20. Multiple Response: Select all that apply. Which of the following are components of the nursing process? A) Assessment B) Diagnosis C) Planning D) Implementation E) Evaluation Correct Answer s: A, B, C, D, E Rationale: The nursing process is a systematic approach to patient care that includes assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. Advanced Concepts in Foundations of Nursing: Case Study Questions This compilation of 20 case study questions is designed to

assess the understanding of advanced concepts in Foundations of Nursing. The questions cover a range of topics, including critical thinking, patient safety, ethical decision-making, communication, and leadership. Each question is followed by its correct Answer and a rationale to explain the reasoning behind the choice. Multiple Choice: Question: A nurse is caring for a patient with a new diagnosis of diabetes. The patient is overwhelmed with information and expresses difficulty understanding the disease process and self-management techniques. Which of the following nursing actions demonstrates critical thinking in this situation? a. Provide the patient with written materials on diabetes. b. Encourage the patient to ask questions and clarify any confusion. c. Refer the patient to a diabetes educator for further instruction. d. Document the patient's concerns in the medical record. Correct Answer : b. Encourage the patient to ask questions and clarify any confusion. Rationale: Critical thinking involves analyzing the situation, identifying the patient's needs, and developing a plan of action. Encouraging questions and clarifying confusion directly addresses the patient's learning needs and promotes understanding.

determination and decision-making. In this case, the patient's religious beliefs are a significant factor in their decision-making process, and the nurse must respect their autonomy. Fill-in-the-Blank: Question: The nursing process is a systematic approach to patient care that involves five steps: Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation. True/False: Question: The SBAR communication tool is used to facilitate clear and concise communication between healthcare providers. Answer : True Rationale: SBAR (Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation) is a standardized communication tool that promotes effective and efficient communication among healthcare professionals. Question: Delegation is the process of assigning tasks to another healthcare professional, but the nurse remains accountable for the outcome. Answer : True Rationale: Nurses are accountable for the tasks they delegate, even if the tasks are performed by another healthcare professional.

Multiple Response: Question: Which of the following are key components of effective leadership in nursing? a. Communication b. Delegation c. Decision-making d. Collaboration e. Motivation Correct Answer s: a, b, c, d, e Rationale: Effective leadership in nursing requires strong communication, delegation skills, sound decision-making, collaboration with other healthcare professionals, and the ability to motivate team members. Question: Which of the following are examples of patient safety risks in the hospital setting? a. Medication errors b. Falls c. Pressure ulcers d. Hospital-acquired infections e. Communication breakdowns Correct Answer s: a, b, c, d, e Rationale: All of the listed options represent potential patient safety risks in the hospital setting. Medication errors, falls, pressure ulcers, hospital-acquired infections, and

d. Elevate the patient's head of bed. Correct Answer : a. Administer an antiemetic medication as prescribed. Rationale: Antiemetic medications are specifically designed to reduce nausea and vomiting. Administering the medication as prescribed is the most effective intervention to address this symptom. Question: A nurse is caring for a patient who is experiencing pain. The patient reports a pain level of 8 on a scale of 0-10. Which of the following nursing actions demonstrates compassionate care? a. Document the patient's pain level in the medical record. b. Administer pain medication as prescribed. c. Offer the patient a warm blanket and a soothing beverage. d. Reassess the patient's pain level after administering medication. Correct Answer : c. Offer the patient a warm blanket and a soothing beverage. Rationale: Compassionate care involves showing empathy and concern for the patient's well-being. Offering a warm blanket and a soothing beverage demonstrates a caring and supportive approach to pain management. Fill-in-the-Blank:

Question: The nursing code of ethics provides a framework for ethical decision-making in nursing practice. True/False: Question: Cultural competence involves understanding and respecting the beliefs, values, and practices of different cultures. Answer : True Rationale: Cultural competence is essential for providing culturally sensitive and appropriate care to patients from diverse backgrounds. Question: Evidence-based practice involves using the best available research evidence to guide clinical decision- making. Answer : True Rationale: Evidence-based practice promotes the use of research findings to improve patient care outcomes. Multiple Response: Question: Which of the following are characteristics of a therapeutic nurse-patient relationship? a. Trust b. Respect c. Empathy d. Professional boundaries

a. Assess the patient's vital signs. b. Administer oxygen. c. Call for emergency medical assistance. d. Prepare to administer nitroglycerin. Correct Answer : c. Call for emergency medical assistance. Rationale: Chest pain is a potentially life-threatening symptom. Calling for emergency medical assistance ensures prompt and appropriate care for the patient. Question: A nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving intravenous fluids. The patient reports feeling pain at the IV insertion site. Which of the following nursing actions is most appropriate to address this symptom? a. Document the patient's complaint in the medical record. b. Assess the IV site for signs of infiltration or phlebitis. c. Administer pain medication as prescribed. d. Apply a warm compress to the IV site. Correct Answer : b. Assess the IV site for signs of infiltration or phlebitis. Rationale: Pain at the IV insertion site could indicate complications such as infiltration or phlebitis. Assessing the site allows the nurse to identify the cause of the pain and implement appropriate interventions. Question: A nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving mechanical ventilation. The patient's oxygen saturation level

is decreasing. Which of the following nursing actions is most appropriate to address this situation? a. Increase the patient's oxygen flow rate. b. Assess the patient's airway for obstruction. c. Notify the physician immediately. d. Document the patient's oxygen saturation level in the medical record. Correct Answer : c. Notify the physician immediately. Rationale: A decreasing oxygen saturation level in a mechanically ventilated patient is a serious concern. Notifying the physician immediately allows for prompt intervention and prevents potential complications. Fill-in-the-Blank: Question: The nursing process is a systematic approach to patient care that involves five steps: Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation. True/False: Question: Delegation is the process of assigning tasks to another healthcare professional, but the nurse remains accountable for the outcome. Answer : True Rationale: Nurses are accountable for the tasks they delegate, even if the tasks are performed by another healthcare professional.

4. In the nursing process, the analysis phase is best described as: A. Developing a care plan B. Assessing patient health C. Interpreting data to identify problems D. Implementing interventions Answer : C. Interpreting data to identify problems Rationale: The analysis phase involves interpretation of assessment data to derive nursing diagnoses.
5. Which of the following is an example of a nursing diagnosis? A. Hypertension B. Risk for impaired skin integrity C. Aspirin overdose D. Atrial fibrillation Answer : B. Risk for impaired skin integrity Rationale: Nursing diagnoses reflect the patient’s response to medical conditions or life processes. Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
6. The __________ model of nursing emphasizes the interaction between the individual and the environment. Answer : Neuman Rationale: Neuman’s Systems Model focuses on the individual’s interaction with their environment.
7. According to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, __________ needs must be met before safety needs. Answer : Physiological Rationale: Physiological needs are foundational and

must be satisfied before addressing higher-level needs such as safety.

8. The __________ approach in nursing underscores collaboration with patients in their care decisions. Answer : Patient-centered Rationale: Patient-centered care focuses on involving patients in their own care, ensuring their needs and preferences are central to decision making.
9. The __________ Scale is used to assess a patient's risk for pressure ulcers. Answer : Braden Rationale: The Braden Scale measures risk factors for pressure sore development based on sensory perception, moisture, activity, mobility, nutrition, and friction.
10. In a culturally competent nursing practice, the acronym LEARN stands for Listen, Explain, Acknowledge, Recommend, and __________. Answer : Negotiate Rationale: The LEARN model promotes effective communication and negotiation in culturally competent care. True/False Questions
11. True or False: Nurse practitioners are allowed to prescribe medications in all states. Answer : False Rationale: Prescriptive authority varies by state regulations and not all states grant nurse practitioners full prescribing rights.