FNP - NU 631 Healthcare of Women Across the Life Span - Comprehensive Final Exam Guide 202, Exams of Nursing

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FNP – NU 631

Healthcare of Women

Across the Life Span

COMPREHENSIVE FINAL EXAM

GUIDE

1. Multiple Choice: What is the recommended first-line treatment for managing menopausal symptoms in women without a uterus? a) Estrogen therapy alone b) Combined estrogen-progesterone therapy c) Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors d) Lifestyle modifications Answer: a) Estrogen therapy alone Rationale: For women without a uterus, estrogen therapy alone is recommended to manage menopausal symptoms, as it does not increase the risk of endometrial cancer, which is a concern with estrogen- progesterone therapy.
2. Fill-in-the-Blank: The most common cause of preventable infertility in women is __________. Answer: Chlamydia Rationale: Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted infection that often has no symptoms and can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility if left untreated.
3. True/False: HPV vaccination is recommended for women aged 11 to 26 to reduce the risk of cervical cancer. Answer: True Rationale: The HPV vaccine is recommended for young women to protect against the types of HPV that most commonly cause cervical cancer.

Rationale: Laparoscopy is a surgical procedure that allows a physician to view the pelvic organs and is the gold standard for diagnosing endometriosis.

7. True/False: Breastfeeding exclusively for the first six months is associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer in mothers. Answer: True Rationale: Exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months has been shown to decrease the mother's risk of breast cancer.
8. Multiple Response: Which of the following symptoms are associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)? (Select all that apply) a) Irregular menstrual cycles b) Hirsutism c) Weight loss d) Ovarian cysts Answers: a), b), d) Rationale: PCOS is characterized by irregular menstrual cycles, hirsutism, and ovarian cysts. Weight loss is not a symptom but is a recommended management strategy for PCOS.
9. Multiple Choice: What is the most effective lifestyle intervention for preventing gestational diabetes mellitus? a) Weight loss before pregnancy b) Increased protein intake

c) Moderate physical activity d) Reduced carbohydrate intake Answer: c) Moderate physical activity Rationale: Moderate physical activity is the most effective lifestyle intervention for preventing gestational diabetes mellitus.

10. Fill-in-the-Blank: The leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide is __________. Answer: Hemorrhage Rationale: Hemorrhage remains the leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide, particularly in low-resource settings.
11. True/False: The use of intrauterine devices (IUDs) is contraindicated in women who have never given birth. Answer: False Rationale: IUDs are safe and effective forms of contraception for women regardless of parity.
12. Multiple Response: Which of the following are considered safe antidepressants during pregnancy? (Select all that apply) a) Fluoxetine b) Sertraline c) Paroxetine d) Amitriptyline

Rationale: Decreased estrogen levels in postmenopausal women can lead to changes in the urinary tract that increase the risk of infections. Multiple Choice: Question: Which of the following is a common risk factor for cervical cancer in women? A) Obesity B) Smoking C) Vitamin D deficiency D) Hypertension Correct Answer: B) Smoking Rationale: Smoking is a known risk factor for cervical cancer due to the carcinogens present in tobacco smoke. Fill-in-the-Blank: Question: The recommended screening interval for mammograms in average-risk women aged 50-74 years is every __ years. Correct Answer: 2 (every 2 years) Rationale: Mammograms are recommended biennially for this age group to detect breast cancer early. True/False: Question: Osteoporosis primarily affects menopausal women. Correct Answer: False

Rationale: While menopausal women are at increased risk, osteoporosis can affect individuals of any gender and age. Multiple Response: Question: Which of the following are symptoms of endometriosis? (Select all that apply) A) Pelvic pain B) Painful intercourse C) Heavy menstrual bleeding D) Nausea Correct Answer: A) Pelvic pain, B) Painful intercourse, C) Heavy menstrual bleeding Rationale: Endometriosis can present with these symptoms, impacting women's quality of life. Multiple Choice: Question: What is the most common type of gynecologic cancer in women? A) Cervical cancer B) Ovarian cancer C) Uterine cancer D) Vulvar cancer Correct Answer: C) Uterine cancer

Correct Answer: A) Maternal age over 35, B) Family history of diabetes, C) Obesity Rationale: These factors increase the likelihood of developing gestational diabetes during pregnancy. Multiple Choice: Question: What is the primary cause of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in women? A) Bacterial vaginosis B) Chlamydia trachomatis C) Human papillomavirus (HPV) D) Yeast infection Correct Answer: B) Chlamydia trachomatis Rationale: Chlamydia is a common sexually transmitted infection that can lead to PID if left untreated. Fill-in-the-Blank: Question: The most effective form of emergency contraception is __. Correct Answer: Copper Intrauterine Device (IUD) Rationale: The Copper IUD is highly effective when used as emergency contraception within a specific timeframe. True/False:

Question: Breast self-exams are recommended as the primary method of breast cancer screening. Correct Answer: False Rationale: While self-exams are valuable for breast awareness, regular mammograms and clinical breast exams are essential for screening. Multiple Response: Question: Which of the following are complications associated with preeclampsia? (Select all that apply) A) Seizures B) Low blood pressure C) Renal failure D) Placental abruption Correct Answer: A) Seizures, C) Renal failure, D) Placental abruption Rationale: Preeclampsia can lead to severe complications affecting both the mother and fetus. Multiple Choice: Question: What is the recommended age to initiate cervical cancer screening in women with a cervix? A) 21 years B) 25 years C) 30 years D) 35 years

Answer: d) Luteinizing hormone (LH) Rationale: LH surge triggers the release of the mature egg from the ovary during ovulation.

2. (Fill-in-the-Blank) The presence of hCG in a woman's blood or urine is an early indicator of ________________. Answer: pregnancy Rationale: Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is secreted by the placenta after implantation and can be detected in blood or urine.
3. (True/False) Endometriosis is a condition in which tissue similar to the endometrium grows outside the uterus. (True/False) Answer: True Rationale: Endometriosis can cause pain, infertility, and other complications in women of reproductive age.
4. (Multiple Response) Which of the following are considered risk factors for developing breast cancer in women? Select all that apply. a) Family history of breast cancer b) Early menarche c) Late menopause d) Never having children Answer: a) Family history of breast cancer, b) Early menarche, d) Never having children

Rationale: These factors increase the risk of breast cancer due to hormonal influences and genetic predisposition.

5. (Multiple Choice) Which condition is characterized by excessive hair growth in a male pattern in women? a) Hirsutism b) Alopecia c) Androgen insensitivity syndrome d) Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) Answer: a) Hirsutism Rationale: Hirsutism is commonly associated with hormonal imbalances, such as elevated androgens.
6. (Fill-in-the-Blank) The most effective method for preventing pregnancy is ___________________. Answer: Long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) Rationale: LARC methods, such as intrauterine devices (IUDs) and hormonal implants, have high efficacy rates in preventing unintended pregnancies.
7. (True/False) Cervical cancer is primarily caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). (True/False) Answer: True Rationale: Persistent infection with high-risk HPV strains is a major risk factor for developing cervical cancer.

Answer: 50 Rationale: Screening mammograms are typically recommended every 1- 2 years for women aged 50 and older.

11. (True/False) Osteoporosis is more common in postmenopausal women due to declining estrogen levels. (True/False) Answer: True Rationale: Estrogen plays a key role in maintaining bone density, and its decline after menopause can lead to osteoporosis.
12. (Multiple Response) Which of the following are potential complications of gestational diabetes in pregnant women? Select all that apply. a) Macrosomia b) Preterm birth c) Shoulder dystocia d) Preeclampsia Answer: a) Macrosomia, c) Shoulder dystocia, d) Preeclampsia Rationale: Gestational diabetes can increase the risk of these complications during pregnancy and childbirth.
13. (Multiple Choice) What is the primary treatment for endometrial hyperplasia in women? a) Hormonal therapy b) Hysterectomy

c) Chemotherapy d) Radiation therapy Answer: a) Hormonal therapy Rationale: Hormonal therapy is often used to regulate endometrial growth and prevent progression to cancer in cases of hyperplasia.

14. (Fill-in-the-Blank) In women of childbearing age, the most common cause of anovulatory infertility is _______________. Answer: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) Rationale: PCOS is characterized by hormone imbalances that can disrupt ovulation and fertility in women.
15. (True/False) Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a severe form of mood changes and physical symptoms that occur before menstruation in some women. (True/False) Answer: False Rationale: PMS involves mild to moderate symptoms, while premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a more severe form of premenstrual symptoms.
16. (Multiple Response) Which of the following are risk factors for developing ovarian cancer in women? Select all that apply. a) Family history of ovarian cancer b) Nulliparity c) Use of oral contraceptives

Rationale: Breastfeeding has been associated with a reduced risk of developing breast cancer, particularly in premenopausal women.

20. (Multiple Response) Which of the following are common symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in women? Select all that apply. a) Irregular menstrual cycles b) Excessive hair growth c) Acne d) Weight gain Answer: a) Irregular menstrual cycles, b) Excessive hair growth, c) Acne, d) Weight gain Rationale: PCOS is characterized by hormonal imbalances that can lead to these symptoms and other metabolic disturbances.
21. (Multiple Choice) Which type of cancer is most commonly associated with Lynch syndrome in women? a) Breast cancer b) Ovarian cancer c) Endometrial cancer d) Cervical cancer Answer: c) Endometrial cancer Rationale: Lynch syndrome increases the risk of colorectal cancer and other cancers, including endometrial cancer in women.

22. (Fill-in-the-Blank) The primary purpose of the cervical mucus during the menstrual cycle is to facilitate the transport of __________________________. Answer: sperm Rationale: Cervical mucus changes in consistency and volume to aid in sperm survival and transport to the fallopian tubes for fertilization.
23. (True/False) Women with a history of gestational diabetes are at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life. (True/False) Answer: True Rationale: Gestational diabetes is a risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes in women, especially if not properly managed.
24. (Multiple Response) Which of the following are potential complications of untreated pelvic organ prolapse in women? Select all that apply. a) Urinary incontinence b) Constipation c) Pelvic pain d) Sexual dysfunction Answer: a) Urinary incontinence, b) Constipation, d) Sexual dysfunction Rationale: Pelvic organ prolapse can lead to these symptoms and affect a woman's quality of life if left untreated.
25. (Multiple Choice) Which infection is commonly responsible for causing acute salpingitis (pelvic inflammatory disease) in sexually active women?