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FLETC Written Exam #1 Questions and answers
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Graham v. Connor (1989) ✔✔Recognized that the right to make an arrest or investigatory stop necessarily carries with it the right to use some degree of physical coercion/threat to affect it. In the course of an arrest or stop is properly analyzed by Fourth Amendment's 'objective reasonableness' standard Graham Factors ✔✔Severity of crime Whether suspect poses an immediate threat Whether suspect is actively resisting arrest Attempting to evade arrest by flight Additional factors considered when applying standard of Graham v. Connor that may govern the reasonableness of using force ✔✔# of suspects/# of officers Size, age, condition of officer/suspect Duration of action Whether force applied resulted in injury Previous violent history known to officer at time Use of alcohol/drugs Suspect's mental history known to officer at time Presence of innocent bystanders Availability of officer weapons
Range of Reasonableness ✔✔Officer responses range from: Hesitation---------------Aggressive Tennessee v. Garner (1985) ✔✔Supreme Court stated it is not reasonable to shoot an unarmed non- dangerous fleeing suspect. Key Elements of Tennessee v. Garner ✔✔Probable cause Threat Officer not obligated to wait until death or serious bodily harm is occurring If based on totality of circumstance and the officer perceives a threat of such action, a reasonable force option may be used Pre-Assault Indicators ✔✔Verbal aggression Change in posture Face becomes red, showing teeth, breathing faster Individual ignores you or stares through you Aggression Hands tighten Individual becomes rigid Chin tucked
Time Distortion ✔✔Things seem to speed up or slow down Cognitive/Behavioral Changes triggered when faced with a threat ✔✔Automatic Behavior Memory Gaps Intrusive Thoughts Methods of overcoming hesitation in use of force ✔✔Mental preparation Proper Training Belief in mission Personal Appearance Physical Fitness Understanding the law Reality Based Training Continuous Positive Visualization Understanding of agency policy Commitment to family/friends Will to win Fundamentals of Documenting Use of Force Incident ✔✔Officer Safety Objective, not subjective Training and Experience Matched Description Basis for Seizure
Terry Stop ✔✔Reasonable suspicion sufficient for investigation stop or detention; no warrant needed Two Main Parts of the Mind ✔✔The conscious and the subconscious The Conscious Mind ✔✔Rational, analytical part of the mind. Home to will power and short-term memory The Subconscious Mind ✔✔The real boss, communicates through feelings and emotions Mistaken Assumptions of Perception ✔✔Everyone sees what really occurs Everyone sees everything that occurs Everyone processes information the same way Everyone remembers exactly what occurred during an incident Memories stay the same, maintain accuracy, and remain consistent over time People can replay experiences with accuracy and detail Arousal ✔✔Defined by physiology Anxiety ✔✔Defined by terms of emotional or cognitive impact of arousal
Flanking ✔✔Usually occurs when there are multiple suspects, movement to the rear or side of a LEO by one or more of the suspects...it's an attempt to find a position suitable for a successful attack WIN ✔✔'What's Important Now' Lifestyle Management ✔✔Personal plan for wellness Wellness ✔✔Lifestyle that is dynamic to the changes of life and strives for the highest level of functioning in each wellness dimension 6 Dimensions of health ✔✔Physical Mental Social Emotional Spiritual Occupational Elements that provide balance in the physical dimension of life ✔✔Physical Activity Nutrition Rest Health Care
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ✔✔An activity that involves large muscle groups used in a rhythmical or dynamic manner over an extended period of time Muscular Strength ✔✔Maximum amount of force exerted against a resistance in one effort, as is measured during a one-rep max lift Muscular Endurance ✔✔Ability to exert force against a resistance over a period of time, as is measured by a timed push-up test Mental Health ✔✔State of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community Mental Illness ✔✔Health conditions that are characterized by alterations in thinking, mood, or behavior associated with distress and/or impaired functioning Emotional Health ✔✔Ability to control emotions and express (or not express) them comfortably and appropriately. Social Health ✔✔Refers to the ability to have satisfying inter-personal relationships, positive interaction with others, and to adapt to various social situations and daily behaviors Spiritual Health ✔✔Ability to discover and articulate a personal purpose in life, to learn how to experience love, joy, peace, and fulfillment and how to help one's self and others achieve full potential
Values ✔✔Values determine what we actually do; they define what is important to us and we make our decisions based on what is important to us at that time Core Values of Law Enforcement ✔✔Integrity Fairness Respect Honesty Courage Compassion Integrity ✔✔Encompassing term meaning 'wholeness'; person's character is whole and there are no divisible aspects to a person's ethical life Loyalty ✔✔Allegiance to other persons or organizations, the constitution, or a philosophical belief Responsibility ✔✔Accepting responsibility for decisions and actions; we are accountable for what we do and who we are Diligence ✔✔We do our best; we are conscientious about our work and the manner in which we do it; there's a moral obligation to do our best and be careful, prepared and informed Fairness ✔✔Freedom from prejudice or favoritism; requires respect for cultural and ethnic diversity; we do not abuse discretionary power to satisfy personal feelings
Respect ✔✔We acknowledge rights and values of anotehr person Honesty ✔✔Trustworthy; reliable; truthful; sincere Courage ✔✔Having the personal ability to face difficulty with resolve, without excessive fear Personal conviction which enables one to act for the right reason without excessive concern for personal consequences Moral Courage ✔✔Courage to do the right thing in the face of ethical challenges, even if it's not popular Compassion ✔✔Genuine concern for the welfare of others; ability to restore order to others' lives while controlling and understanding personal feelings which influences one's actions Essential tools of LE profession ✔✔Trust and Credibility Three Components of Character ✔✔Moral Knowing Moral Feeling Moral Action Moral Knowing ✔✔Person of good character knows what is right
The A.C.T. Ethical Decision Making Model ✔✔Problem solving technique to help sort through troubling ethical conflicts 'A'-Alternatives ✔✔Consider all options available 'C'-Consequences ✔✔Determine consequences for each alternative 'T'-Tell ✔✔Can you honestly tell your story to others and be proud of your decision or action? Giglio v. United States ✔✔Requires that government prosecutors provide defense counsel any impeaching information regarding prosecution witnesses Kalkines v. United States ✔✔In a non-custodial interview involving possible criminal conduct where criminal prosecution has been declined by appropriate prospective authority, an employee may not refuse to answer questions regarding specific performance of duties Garrity v. New Jersey ✔✔Established the Garrity Warning: the employee has the right to remain silent and that anything said can be used in administrative or criminal proceedings WhistleBlower Protection Act ✔✔Establishes primary role of the Office of Special Counsel, an independent agency to protect and act in the interest of employees who seek assistance from prohibited personnel practices
WhistleBlower ✔✔Employee or former employee of an organization who attempts to disclose illegal or unethical activities for moral reasons Sexual Harassment ✔✔Unwelcome sexual advances Requests for sexual favors Conduct that unreasonable interferes with work performance Creates intimidating, hostile work environment Conduct that enters into employment decisions Civil Rights Act of 1964 ✔✔Makes it illegal to discriminate on basis of individual's: race color religion national origin sex age Quid pro quo ✔✔"something for something"; must be based on sex Criterion for quid pro quo harassment ✔✔Based on sex Consists of unwelcome advances tangible economic benefit must be contingent on victims' submission to the unwelcome sexual advances
It only applies to foreigners It requires movement Victims self-report to law enforcement It doesn't happen in your backyard Behavioral Indicators of Human Trafficking ✔✔Not in possession of his/her own documents Restricted movement, not exercising free will Visible signs of physical violence or abuse Restricted or monitored communications Situational Indicators of Human Trafficking ✔✔Surveillance equipment Unaccompanied minors Locks/fences/restraints surrounding building Overcrowded, unusual, substandard living conditions Evidence of commercial sex trade Restricted or monitored transportation Ledgers showing debt calculations Victim doesnt handle money directly Economically irrational and unreasonable work conditions No, or low wages Authority ✔✔Delegated right to determine, adjudicate, or otherwise settle issues or disputes
Power ✔✔The ability to do or act; to produce an effect Force ✔✔Strength, intensity of effect Discretion ✔✔The power or right to decide or act according to one's own judgment (based on totality of the circumstances) Control ✔✔To exercise restraint or direction over, dominate. Influence ✔✔An action exerted by one thing or person over another; power to affect other people's thinking or actions by means of argument, example, or force of personality Leadership ✔✔One's ability to get others to willingly follow. Position, function, or guidance of a person who creates a vision and sets the example Command Presence ✔✔Essentially presenting yourself as someone in authority and who is to be respected and obeyed Personal appearance, body language, how you sound, how you act Procedure for Preparing Radio ✔✔Check for radio antenna Check all control knobs/switches Check for battery Test radio before patrol
National Law Enforcement Telecommunications System (NLETS) ✔✔Information exchange network; computerized communications network linking state, local, and federal law enforcement agencies in 50 states, DC, Puerto Rico, and Canada Treasury Enforcement Communications Systems II (TECS II) ✔✔A computerized information system to identify individuals, companies, vehicles, vessels, and aircraft involved in violation of federal laws; operates on SoundEx El Paso Intelligence Center (EPIC) ✔✔Managed by DEA; used to monitor worldwide narcotics activities Central Index System (CIS) ✔✔Sponsored by Immigration Naturalization System; provides location on existing INS alien files Washington Area Law Enforcement System (WALES) ✔✔Sponsored by DC Metro Police Terrorist Screening Center (TSC) ✔✔Consolidates the federal government's approach to terrorist screening processes Domestic Terrorism ✔✔Involves acts dangerous to human life that are a violation of the criminal laws of the United States or of any State and appears to be intended to: intimidate or coerce a civilian population to influence the policy of a government by intimidation or coercion to affect the conduct of a government by mass destruction, assassination, or kidnapping
and occur primarily within the territorial jurisdiction of the United States International Terrorism ✔✔Involves violent acts or acts dangerous to human life that are a violation of the criminal laws of the United States or of any State, or what would be a criminal violation if committed within the jurisdiction of the United States or of any state and appear to be intended to intimidate or coerce a civilian population to influence a policy of a government by intimidation or coercion to affect the conduct of a government by mass destruction, assassination, or kidnapping and occur primarily outside the territorial jurisdiction of the United States, or transcend national boundaries in terms of the means by which they are accomplished, the persons they appear intended to intimidate or coerce, or the locale in which their perpetrators operate or seek asylum Guiding Principles Contained in National Security Strategy to Combat Terrorism ✔✔Defeat Terrorism Worldwide Strengthen Bio and Nuclear Security Improve Intelligence Capacity and Information Sharing Ensuring a Secure Global Digital Information and Communications Infrastructure Promote Resiliency of our Physical and Social Infrastructure Pursue Comprehensive Transborder Security Ensure Effective Incident Management
