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Fire Alarm Systems: Components, Types, and Maintenance, Exams of Safety and Fire Engineering

Georgetown CollegeSafety and Fire Engineering

A comprehensive overview of fire alarm systems, covering essential components, types of detectors, and maintenance procedures. It delves into the functionality of smoke detectors, heat detectors, and other initiating devices, explaining their activation mechanisms and the different types of signals generated. The document also highlights the importance of regular maintenance and inspection for ensuring the effectiveness of fire alarm systems.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 11/14/2024

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S-95 (FDNY) 72 A+ GRADED ASSURED
SUCCESS!!!
S-95 (FDNY) 72 A+ GRADED ASSURED
SUCCESS!!!
Analog (intelligent) Smoke Detectors - ANSWER-shall be cleaned no later than one (1)
week from receipt of an indication of the need for cleaning.
Smoke detectors - ANSWER-MUST BE: (1) cleaned not less than once every six (6)
months
(2) tested for smoke entry not less than once a year.
Smoke, beam, and duct detectors - ANSWER-(1) Activated by detection of particles of
combustion
(2) causes Fire Alarm
(3) normally resets when the reset button is pressed at the FACP if the condition
activating the detector has been cleared.
Must be protected from the entrance of foreign particles that may be airborne. Ex: Dust
from cutting wood, sheet rock or sanding may trigger a false alarm.
Heat detectors - ANSWER-(1) Activated by abnormally high temperature (fixed
temperature detector) or rapid temperature rise (rate of rise detector).
(2) causes Fire Alarm
Fixed temperature heat detectors - ANSWER-After activation most detectors will NOT
self restore and will require replacement by a qualified service technician.
Rate of rise heat detectors - ANSWER-will normally self-restore after activation.
Water-flow device - ANSWER-(1) Activated by Flow of water in a sprinkler system
(2) causes fire alarm signal
(3) Device should return to normal when water ceases to flow.
Manual Pull Station - ANSWER-(1) Activated by manually pulling handle
(2) causes fire alarm
(3) Return handle to normal position. A key or other method may be required to reset
the station to a normal condition.
Primary power source - ANSWER-shall be generated electric power not exceeding
277/480 volts, supplied by utility company power or isolated plant
Duties performed by CoF S-95 - ANSWER-(1) Visual inspection of smoke detectors
(2) Visual inspection of other fire alarm system components
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SUCCESS!!!

S-95 (FDNY) 72 A+ GRADED ASSURED

SUCCESS!!!

Analog (intelligent) Smoke Detectors - ANSWER-shall be cleaned no later than one (1) week from receipt of an indication of the need for cleaning. Smoke detectors - ANSWER-MUST BE: (1) cleaned not less than once every six (6) months (2) tested for smoke entry not less than once a year. Smoke, beam, and duct detectors - ANSWER-(1) Activated by detection of particles of combustion (2) causes Fire Alarm (3) normally resets when the reset button is pressed at the FACP if the condition activating the detector has been cleared. Must be protected from the entrance of foreign particles that may be airborne. Ex: Dust from cutting wood, sheet rock or sanding may trigger a false alarm. Heat detectors - ANSWER-(1) Activated by abnormally high temperature (fixed temperature detector) or rapid temperature rise (rate of rise detector). (2) causes Fire Alarm Fixed temperature heat detectors - ANSWER-After activation most detectors will NOT self restore and will require replacement by a qualified service technician. Rate of rise heat detectors - ANSWER-will normally self-restore after activation. Water-flow device - ANSWER-(1) Activated by Flow of water in a sprinkler system (2) causes fire alarm signal (3) Device should return to normal when water ceases to flow. Manual Pull Station - ANSWER-(1) Activated by manually pulling handle (2) causes fire alarm (3) Return handle to normal position. A key or other method may be required to reset the station to a normal condition. Primary power source - ANSWER-shall be generated electric power not exceeding 277/480 volts, supplied by utility company power or isolated plant Duties performed by CoF S- 95 - ANSWER-(1) Visual inspection of smoke detectors (2) Visual inspection of other fire alarm system components

SUCCESS!!!

Primary purpose of fire alarm systems - ANSWER-to warn building occupants and transmit signals indicating a fire condition to the fire department via an FDNY approved central station company. 3 Types of Signals Initiated by FACP - ANSWER-*Fire Alarm Signal *Supervisory Signal *Trouble Signal Fire Alarm Control Panel (FACP) - ANSWER-a system component that monitors inputs and control outputs through various circuits. Its primary purpose is to process signals received from initiating devices and to activate appropriate signals and outputs. *There are 3 types of signals initiated by it. Fire Alarm Signal - ANSWER-A signal initiated by a fire alarm initiating device such as a manual fire alarm pull station, smoke detector, water-flow switch, or other device in which activation is indicative of the presence of a fire or fire signature. Supervisory Signal - ANSWER-indicates that a system or device being monitored has been compromised or is in an abnormal state. *The FDNY will receive this signal but it's NOT dispatched to respond. Supervisory signals are generated from initiating devices such as: - ANSWER-1. Valve supervisory switch on a sprinkler system

  1. High/Low water level switch on a gravity tank feeding a sprinkler system
  2. Low air pressure switch from a dry pipe sprinkler system
  3. Fire pump running/pump failure/pump phase reversal Trouble Signals - ANSWER-indicate that the alarm system, transmitter, or communications path is wholly or partially out of service. *Upon receipt of trouble signals or other signals pertaining solely to equipment maintenance of an alarm system, the central station shall communicate immediately with persons designated by the subscriber. *Routine handling should take a maximum of four (4) minutes from receipt of a trouble signal by the central station until initiation of the investigation by telephone. Lamp Test - ANSWER-This function is used on some FACP's to check the condition of the light emitting diodes (LEDs) on the FACP.

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Multi-sensor Detector - ANSWER-device that contains multiple sensors that separately respond to physical stimulus such as heat, smoke, or fire gases, or employs more than one sensor to sense the same stimulus. *A device capable of generating MULTIPLE alarm signals (independently or in combination). *The sensor output signals are mathematically evaluated to determine when an alarm signal is necessary. Combination detector - ANSWER-device that either responds to more than one of the fire conditions or employs more than one operating principle to sense one of these conditions. *Example: a combination of a heat detector with a smoke detector or a combination rate-of-rise and fixed-temperature heat detector. *ONE alarm signal (independently) Beam detectors - ANSWER-used to protect large areas where spot type area smoke detectors are not practical. *Sets off detector if broken by any combustible particles. Elevator lobby smoke detectors - ANSWER-smoke detectors that when activated will recall elevators automatically to the designated landing. Duct smoke detectors - ANSWER-used to help prevent smoke from spreading from the fire area to other parts of the building by shutting down the HVAC system. *when used with smoke control systems, it re-direct the airflows in the building, instead of shutting down the HVAC units. Air Sampling type smoke detectors - ANSWER-(placed in ducts) use a sampling tube to draw a sample of air from the hazard area to the detector where the presence of visible smoke or invisible combustion products is determined. *Each sampling port of an air sampling-type detector shall be treated as spot-type detector for the purpose of location and spacing. *The maximum air sample transport time from the farthest sampling point shall not exceed 120 seconds. Heat Detectors - ANSWER-can only be tested by authorized fire alarm technicians.

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Types of Heat Detectors - ANSWER-(1) rate-of-rise (2) fixed temperature. Rate-of-rise heat detector - ANSWER-activates the alarm when the room temperature increases at a rapid rate. *More SENSITIVE *Does NOT require replacement Fixed-temperature heat detector - ANSWER-activates the alarm when the detector components melt at a preset temperature level. *Requires replacement *Most commonly used Unwarranted Alarm - ANSWER-An alarm signal transmitted by a fire alarm system which failed to function as designed as a result of improper installation, improper maintenance, malfunction, or other factor. *Examples of unwarranted alarms are alarms resulting from improper smoke detector placement, improper detector setting for installed location, lack of system maintenance, and control panel malfunction. It is important to know that the alarm verification feature reduces the number of unwarranted alarms. Unnecessary Alarm - ANSWER-An alarm signal transmitted by a fire alarm system which functioned as designed, but for which a department response proved unnecessary. An example of an unnecessary alarm is an alarm triggered by smoke from a lit cigarette in a non-smoking area, when the presence of such smoke does not implicate fire safety concerns Trouble Signal - ANSWER-A signal initiated by the fire alarm system or device indicative of a fault in a monitored circuit or component. Smoke Detector Maintenance Company Certificate - ANSWER-A certificate issued by the commissioner to a person engaged in the business of performing smoke detector cleaning and testing, which authorizes such person to engage in such business and supervise the performance of such cleaning and testing by certificate of fitness holders.

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Central Station - ANSWER-A facility that receives alarm signals from a protected premises and retransmits or otherwise reports such alarm signals to the Fire Department. ARCS (Auxiliary Radio Communications System) - ANSWER-In-Building Emergency Radio Communication Systems. ARC system is a wireless two-way building communication system for Fire Department use only. Approved Central Station Company - ANSWER-A central station company that has been issued a valid certificate of operation from FDNY. Annunciator - ANSWER-A unit containing one or more indicator lamps, alphanumeric displays, or other equivalent means in which each indication provides status information about a circuit, condition or location. Alarm Notification Appliance - ANSWER-A fire alarm system component, such as a bell, horn, speaker, light, text display or vibration device that issues an audible, tactile, and/or visual alert. Smoke Detector Features That Increase Their Ability to Provide Fire Protection - ANSWER-(1) Addressable System Smoke Detectors (2) Intelligent System Smoke Detectors (3) Smoke detectors with control output functions Addressable System Smoke Detectors - ANSWER-provide an alarm indication to a control unit. In addition, they also signal the location of the alarm Intelligent System Smoke Detectors - ANSWER-these types of smoke detector systems send information about smoke conditions to the control unit. The detector indicates the location of the alarm and provides environmental change information to the panel. Smoke detectors with control output functions - ANSWER-when smoke detectors are installed on an initiating device circuit and are used for controlling operations (e.g., fan shutdown or elevator recall) with other devices installed on the same circuit, the control function must perform correctly, even with all other devices on the circuit in an alarm condition. The maximum allowable time for fire alarm output functions to operate once a smoke detector has been activated is 10 SECONDS.

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Building Fire Protection Features (activated by the fire alarm systems) - ANSWER-1. Smoke Dampers

  1. Fire Dampers
  2. Elevator Recall
  3. Door Release (where connected to FACP) Smoke Dampers - ANSWER-these dampers open and close when required to provide fresh air or to stop smoke passage. Fire Dampers - ANSWER-these dampers close when a rise in temperature occurs and stay shut to stop fire from passing through a barrier. Door Release (where connected to FACP) - ANSWER-The fire alarm system will actuate a relay to release door holders so those doors will automatically close to provide a smoke barrier between two areas. Sprinkler Waterflow Alarm-Initiating Devices - ANSWER-used to detect the flow of water in a fire sprinkler system and to send an alarm signal. Carbon monoxide detector - ANSWER-is required in any building that has fossil (gas and oil) fuel burning equipment. Manually Actuated Alarm-Initiating Devices - ANSWER-shall be located near the exits throughout the protected area so that they are conspicuous, unobstructed, and accessible. They must be located on each floor of a building. Manual Pull Station Resetting - ANSWER-Once activated, that device must be reset prior to resetting at the main Fire Alarm Control Panel (FACP). The fire alarm control panel shall only be reset at the direction of a Fire Department representative. Impairment Coordinator - ANSWER-The person responsible for ensuring that proper notification and safety precautions are taken when a fire protection system is out of service. (S-95)