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Objective
Of the two "elements" of social problems, the ones we identified as being exemplified by empirical evidence are the Objective elements. TERM 2
Primary
DEFINITION 2 If your group is characteristics by small size and intimacy, sociologists would call it a(n) Primary group. TERM 3
Folkway
DEFINITION 3 A norm that is typically applied without emotion is a(n) Folkway. TERM 4
Sanction
DEFINITION 4 A consequence of conforming to a norm is a(n) Sanction. TERM 5
Structural
Functionalism
DEFINITION 5 The theoretical perspective that emphasizes the connection of elements of society is the Structural Functionalism Perspective.
Tracking
The danger of labeling is that it often leads to Tracking. TERM 7
Dependent
DEFINITION 7 The variable that we referred to as the effect is the Dependent. TERM 8
Institution
DEFINITION 8 An established and enduring pattern of social relationships is a(n) Institution. TERM 9
Achieved
DEFINITION 9 A status that you do not receive involuntarily is Achieved. TERM 10
Shared Association
DEFINITION 10 The part of the symbol that we said was common to all people in a culture is a(n) Shared Association.
Secondary
If your group is characteristics by large size and formal interaction, sociologists would call it a(n) Secondary group. TERM 17
Ascribed
DEFINITION 17 A status that you receive involuntarily is Ascribed. TERM 18
More
DEFINITION 18 A norm that is typically applied with emotion is a(n) More. TERM 19
Law
DEFINITION 19 A norm that is formalized and enforced in the polity is a(n) Law. TERM 20
Negative Sanction
DEFINITION 20 A consequence of violating a norm is a(n) Negative Sanction.
Experimental
The part of the symbol that we said was unique to the individual is Experiential. TERM 22
Conflict Theory
DEFINITION 22 The theoretical perspective that emphasizes economic inequality or competition among social groups is the Conflict Theory. TERM 23
Anomie
DEFINITION 23 The disruption of norms in a society may produce normlessness or what we refer to as Anomie. TERM 24
Alienation
DEFINITION 24 In Marxian terminology, a sense of powerlessness or meaninglessness in a person's life is called Alienation. TERM 25
Looking Glass Self
DEFINITION 25 The idea that we develop self-concept by observing how others see us was named by Cooley the Looking Glass Self.
Mortality
Heart disease is the world's leading cause of Mortality or death. TERM 32
The Tripod
DEFINITION 32 We call the three attributes of identity that inequality rests on, collectively The Tripod. TERM 33
Mortality
DEFINITION 33 A measure of death rates in general or as they are specifically caused is Mortality. TERM 34
Heart Disease
DEFINITION 34 Worldwide, the leading cause of death is Heart Disease. TERM 35
Structural Functionalist
DEFINITION 35 That the well-being of societal members and the social system as a whole depends on the healthcare system is a statement from the Structural Functionalist theoretical perspective.
Conflict
That wealth, status, power, and the profit motive influence healthcare and illness is a statement from the Conflict theoretical perspective. TERM 37
Symbolic Interactionist
DEFINITION 37 That mental illness is a label that is conferred on individuals who do not conform to society's definitions of appropriate behaviors (norms) is a statement from the Symbolic Interactionist theoretical perspective. TERM 38
Stigma
DEFINITION 38 A discrediting label that limits social acceptance is a Stigma. TERM 39
DEFINITION 39 The proportion (decimal or fraction) of U.S. youth ages 6- who are technically obese (within 10%) is 20%. TERM 40
Mentally Ill
DEFINITION 40 If you have been put in a pit with one or more starving hyenas, you may have been perceived as being Mentally Ill
Deinstitutionalize
That about 40% of people with serious mental illness receive no mental health services is an unintended consequence of Deinstitutionalization. TERM 47
Structural Functionalist
DEFINITION 47 That drug use is a response to weakening norms exemplified by lack of parental supervision is a statement typical of the Structural Functionalism perspective. TERM 48
Conflict
DEFINITION 48 That drug use is a means of escaping frustration caused by inequality is a statement typical of the Conflict perspective. TERM 49
Symbolic Interactionist
DEFINITION 49 If introductory use of a drug is defined as pleasurable, it is more likely to recur, is a statement from the Symbolic Interactionist perspective TERM 50
Alcohol
DEFINITION 50 U.S. Americans' "drug of choice" is Alcohol.
Suffrage
The 18th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was coincidentally supported by many women who concurrently advocated for Suffrage. TERM 52
Marijuana
DEFINITION 52 Harry Anslinger led the campaign that in 1937 effectively outlawed the use of Marijuana. TERM 53
Reefer Madness
DEFINITION 53 At left, the actress Dorothy Short, who starred in a 1936 film that explicitly demonstrated that marijuana use leads inescapably to murder, and which was shown to school children as late as the 1950s. The film was titled Reefer Madness. TERM 54
Club Drug
DEFINITION 54 Ecstasy and LSD come under what the text classifies as Club Drugs. TERM 55
DEFINITION 55 The text points out that "the average drunk driver has driven (drunk) over 80 times before being arrested for the first time."
A wide variety of statistical studies have concluded that non- smokers who are regularly exposed to second-hand smoke have a 25% (percentage within 5%) greater risk of cardiovascular disease. TERM 62
Post-adjudication Model
DEFINITION 62 If a defendant must plead guilty to a drug charge prior to participation, this type of drug court the text identifies as Postadjudication Model. TERM 63
Methadone
DEFINITION 63 The substance substituted for heroin in a widespread model of "treatment" but which is just as addictive as heroin is Methadone. TERM 64
Deregulation
DEFINITION 64 Reduction of governmental controls over the use of certain drugs is referred to as Deregulation. TERM 65
Symbolic Interactionist
DEFINITION 65 That acquiring the label "drug user" will make continuing use of a drug more likely is a statement typical of the Symbolic Interactionist perspective.
Drug Traffiking
INTERPOL has identified six priority areas in its global policing efforts, the "first" of which is Drug Trafficking. TERM 67
Human Traffiking
DEFINITION 67 Commercial sexual exploitation, forced labor and children pressed into soldiering are examples of the overall transnational crime category of Human Trafficking. TERM 68
Theft
DEFINITION 68 "...in all countries Theft is the most common crime committed." (according to the text) TERM 69
Uniform Crime Report
DEFINITION 69 The FBI database created by submissions of crime statistics from thousands of local police agencies is the Uniform Crime Report. TERM 70
Crime Rate
DEFINITION 70 The number of crimes reported per 100,000 population is called the Crime Rate.
Status Offense
If a juvenile violates a norm such as required school attendance, remaining under parental supervision or majority age relative to alcohol consumption, he or she has committed a(n) Status Offense. TERM 77
Delinquent Offense
DEFINITION 77 If a juvenile violates a norm that would be a crime if he or she were an adult, that is a(n) Delinquent Offense. TERM 78
Suffrage
DEFINITION 78 The "first wave" of modern feminism that was significantly organized at the Seneca Falls Convention of 1848 focused on Suffrage. TERM 79
Equality
DEFINITION 79 The "second wave" of modern feminism which was significantly inspired by Betty Friedan's book, The Feminist Mystique focused on Equality. TERM 80
Longitudinal Study
DEFINITION 80 The Perry Pre-School Project which followed subjects from age 4 to 30 is an example of the format of research called Longitudinal Study.
Victim-Offender Reconciliation Program
VORP stands for Victim-Offender Reconciliation Program. TERM 82
Recidivism
DEFINITION 82 The return or rate of return of former inmates to criminal behavior as evidenced by arrest and/or conviction is Recidivism. TERM 83
Rehabilitation
DEFINITION 83 The philosophy of incarceration that focuses on changing the convict's thought and behavior is Rehabilitation. TERM 84
Incapacitation
DEFINITION 84 The philosophy of incarceration that focuses on getting and keeping criminals "off the street" is Incapacitation. TERM 85
Probation
DEFINITION 85 The conditional release and supervision of a convicted offender prior to incarceration is Probation.
Goddess Figures
A preponderant form of material evidence of our ancient hunting and gathering ancestors views of the value of females in their group is/are Goddess Figures. TERM 92
Civilization
DEFINITION 92 The relatively small proportion of a population that is needed to grow food in agriculture makes possible the great variety of activities we call Civilization. TERM 93
Patriarchy
DEFINITION 93 The male role in defense of the territory along with the agricultural idea of the male "seed" we described as the dual sources of Patriarchy. TERM 94
DEFINITION 94 "The percentage of births to unmarried women rose to historic levels in 2009: 40% (proportion or fraction) of births in 2009 were to unmarried women." TERM 95
Monogamy
DEFINITION 95 Concern of a man for knowing without a doubt who are his heirs is an explanation for the material practice of female Monogamy.
Symbolic Interactionist
Substituting a term like "time-sharing arrangement" for "visitation" for a non-custodial parent is an explanation of the Symbolic Interactionist theoretical perspective. TERM 97
Psychopathic
DEFINITION 97 The type of male perpetrator of partner violence who shows no empathy or remorse is a(n) Psychopathic abuser. TERM 98
Neglect
DEFINITION 98 The most common form of child maltreatment is Neglect. TERM 99
Meta-Data Analysis
DEFINITION 99 The Gershoff Study of corporal punishment and its effects, which was supported by the NIMH and published in a leading journal of the American Psychological Association was methodologically structured as a(n) Meta-Data Analysis. TERM 100
Divorce
DEFINITION 100 Since marriage has changed from an economic unit to an emotional one, the rate of Divorce has increased dramatically.
