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Definitions for various social theory terms and concepts, including meritocratic individualism, socialization, status, role, looking glass self, anecdotal evidence, deviance, sanction, anomie, conspicuous consumption, hawthorne effect, broken windows, zero tolerance, conformists, innovators, ritualists, retreatists, rebels, social construction of sex and gender, gender wage gap, the glass ceiling, weber's 'status groups', bourgeoisie, proletariat, alienation of labor, marx on religion, mcdonaldization, efficiency, predictability, calculability, substitution of nonhuman technology, control, pluralism theory, elite theory, state autonomy theory, and interlocking directorates.
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success/failure is based on a persons merit (hard work/skills) TERM 2
DEFINITION 2 process through which one learns how to act accordingly to rules and expectations of a culture TERM 3
DEFINITION 3 acquired at birth or taken on involuntarily later in life (ex: male/female, senior citizen) TERM 4
DEFINITION 4 acquired through efforts or taken on voluntarily (ex: college graduate, lawyer) TERM 5
DEFINITION 5 any named social position that a person can occupy
the set of expectations - rights, obligations, behaviors, or duties associated with a particular status TERM 7
DEFINITION 7 written by charles cooley in 1906* argued that people use verbal and nonverbal responses of other people to form a mosaic of themselves and their identity TERM 8
DEFINITION 8 stories from personal experience; can be emotionally powerful, but may capture the larger truth TERM 9
DEFINITION 9 non-conformity (refusal) to a given set of socially accepted norms TERM 10
DEFINITION 10 (re)-action meant to ensure compliance (fulfillment) with social norms- basically a penalty
argues that, if minor offenses (broken windows, graffiti, littering) go unpunished, this sends a message to criminals that more serious crimes can be committed without fear of sanction TERM 17
DEFINITION 17 accept the socially encouraged goals and the non-deviant ways of achieving them TERM 18
DEFINITION 18 accept the socially encouraged goals BUT use deviant means to achieve them TERM 19
DEFINITION 19 use non-deviant means but have lost sight of the end goal TERM 20
DEFINITION 20 reject both the socially encouraged goals and the non- deviant ways to achieve them
reject both the socially encouraged goals and the non- deviant ways of achieving them but also wish to replace the existing social system TERM 22
DEFINITION 22 two options: male or femalethe male/female duality is a social construction that does not reflect the reality of people being born who dont fit into their category TERM 23
DEFINITION 23 by socializing girls and boys to act in a particular way (play with certain toys, dress in certain clothes) parents and other agents of socialization are constructing gender TERM 24
DEFINITION 24 the difference in pay that men and women earnfor every dollar that men are paid, women are paid- 1970s: 62 cents- 2000: 76 cents- 2004: 80 cents TERM 25
DEFINITION 25 a limit on ho high women can advance on the corporate level.- the limit is invisible (glass)
process by which the principles behind the operation of fast food restaurants have come to influence other aspects of the social structure - family, politics, education, and law enforcementjust a different name for rationalization TERM 32
DEFINITION 32 finding the best/optimum means to a given end TERM 33
DEFINITION 33 no surprises: Mcdonalds - one taste world wide" TERM 34
DEFINITION 34 quantity over quality - big mac not good mac" TERM 35
DEFINITION 35 self check out in grocery storesassembly line labortelevangelismred light and speeding camerasleaf blower
control over uncertainties and over other people TERM 37
DEFINITION 37 power is dispersed among groups or classes of people TERM 38
DEFINITION 38 government is dominated by elites, leaders of organizations, such as corporations TERM 39
DEFINITION 39 power is located in the government, which rules independently in the best interests of the nation TERM 40
DEFINITION 40 refers to the practice of members of corporate board of directors serving on the boards of multiple corporations