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Definitions and explanations of key concepts in stellar astrophysics, including the structure of the sun, the solar cycle, luminosity, spectral types, stellar evolution, and the classification of galaxies. It also covers the life cycles of low mass and high mass stars, as well as the hubble tuning fork classification system.
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15 million K TERM 2
DEFINITION 2 5800 K TERM 3
DEFINITION 3 where nuclear fusion takes place transforming 4 hydrogen into one He, 15 million K TERM 4
DEFINITION 4 the visible surface of the sun TERM 5
DEFINITION 5 layer of the sun's atmosphere bellow the corona, most of the uv light is emitted from this region, temp 10,000K, hotter than the surface, wispy, hot region
the tenuous uppermost layer of the sun's atmosphere, most of the x rays emitted from this region, temp 1 million K TERM 7
DEFINITION 7 the sun spot cycle, every 11 years the magnetic field and sun spot cycle reversethere are increases sun spots towards the equator before the field flips out TERM 8
DEFINITION 8 blotches on the surface of the sun that appear darker than surrounding regions, sunspot cycle: a cycle in which the average number of sunspots gradually rises and falls, 11 year averagea little cooler, thus appear darker, than the surrounding photosphereusually come in pairsloops connect them are lines of the magnetic field TERM 9
DEFINITION 9 bursts of charged particles from the sun's corona into spaceeffect: Norther and Southern Lights TERM 10
DEFINITION 10 apparent brightness: how bright stars look in our sky as it appears in our eyes, depends on luminosity and distance,Luminosity- how brights stars are in anabsolutesense, related to absolute magnitudeinverse square law for light
Massdetermineshow a star will evolve,how longit will live, and ultimately, how it will die. TERM 17
DEFINITION 17 near top more massive, near bottom less on HR TERM 18
DEFINITION 18 I-supergiant 1a. lesser supergianst 1b. greater supergiantsIIBright GiantsIIIGiantsIVSubgiantsVDwarfs (=Main Sequence Stars)VISubdwarfsVIIWhite DwarfsI supergiantII bright giantIII giantIV subgiantV dwarfs/main sequenceVI subdwarfsVII White Dwarfs TERM 19
DEFINITION 19 O-hottest >30,000 K 30,000;10,000;7500;6000;5000;3500B- 10,000-30,000K Oh boy a freaking green kangaroo momA-7500- 10,000KF-6000-7500kG-5000-6000KK- 3500K-5000KM- >3500K coolestSpectral types refer to how hot it is. And you can tell how hot a star is by its color. And a stars color is determined by what element it is burning. And the element its burning gives off a color TERM 20
DEFINITION 20 when it runs out of hydrogen at its core to convert into helium and becomes a giant or super giant
when a high mass star runs out of hydrogen at its core, a hydrogen burning shell forms around a shrinking helium core which pushes the outer layers out and the star expands TERM 22
DEFINITION 22 the glowing cloud of gas ejected from a low mass star at the end of its life TERM 23
DEFINITION 23 the hot, compact corpses of low mass stars, typically with a mass similar to that of the sun compressed to the volume of the earth, the exposed core of a low mass star that shed its outer layers in a planetary nebulahot when formscools with time TERM 24
DEFINITION 24 mass of the staraHigh mass star that becomes large enough to produce super novas goes through a super nova. This usually happens when it reaches a point to when it has an iron core because iron cannot be fused into anything else it explodesafter a super nova you are left with either a black hole or a neutron star TERM 25
DEFINITION 25 a glowing expanding cloud of debris from a supernova explosion
by looking at the age of globular clusters TERM 32
DEFINITION 32 Saggitarius is the constellation that the center of the milkyway galaxy is located TERM 33
DEFINITION 33 in the bulge of a galaxy they are random elipticalin the disk the stars orbit in circles in the same orientation up and downin the halo the stars travel high above and below in random orientations TERM 34
DEFINITION 34 S-spiralSb-spiral barred-straight bar of stars cutting through theirbulgeES0Irr- TERM 35
DEFINITION 35 created in the 1920's way of classifying galaxiesoriginally thought to document how galaxies evolved
there is no real size difference between types of galaxies TERM 37
DEFINITION 37 spiral has lots of dust and gaselliptical little gas and dust used up TERM 38
DEFINITION 38 spiral have lots of star formationelliptical have littlespiral: blue-the disk and spiral arms are where you find star formation-in the open clustersbulge: old star, yellow TERM 39
DEFINITION 39 alphabetagammadeltaepsilonzetaeta TERM 40
DEFINITION 40
TERM 47
DEFINITION 47 E B3 III TERM 48
DEFINITION 48 scribble B2IV TERM 49
DEFINITION 49 n GOV
