Download Term 1-20: Historical and Religious Milestones in Europe and more Quizzes World History in PDF only on Docsity!
95 Theses
Martin Luther: Started the Protestant Reformation Protests against clerical abuses including the sale of indulgences by Pope Leo X Posted on the Castle Church in Wittenberg Revolt against Rome (no papacy) Primacy of the Bible/focus on bible not human translation Rejected: Monasticism, mass, sacraments, transubstantiation TERM 2
Animism
DEFINITION 2 Belief that non-human entities are spiritual beings No separation between the spiritual and physical worlds Souls or spirits exist in humans and all other animals, plants, rocks, natural phenomena (thunder) and geographic features Found in forms of Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam and Christianity Believed by philosophers such as Aristotle TERM 3
Arianism
DEFINITION 3 Theological teaching of Arius (founder) Concerning the existence of the Trinity ("God the Father", "God the Son", and "God the Holy Spirit") Tore Christianity apart Believed the Son of God did not always exist, but was created by God the Father The Son of God inferior to God the Father Called for General Council TERM 4
pneumonic plague
DEFINITION 4 Transmitted through people's lungs A stream of the black death Originates in Asia Brought to Europe on Genoese merchant ships from port to port Carried by rats, communicated to people by black fleas TERM 5
Art as a political
necessity
DEFINITION 5
Charlemagne
Conquered Italy Enforced monogomy (1 church, 1 wife) Was crowned Holy Roman emperor Protector of the papacy (launched campaign against the spanish muslims, converted saxony) His rule associated with the revival of art, religion and culture through the Catholic church Felt he was more important than papcy Issued church legislation TERM 7
Constantine
DEFINITION 7 Roman emperor First Roman emperor to convert to Christianity Issued the Edict of Mila: Proclaimed religious tolerance of all religions throughout the empire Defeated Maxentius and Licinius during civil wars Transformed Byzantium into Constantinople TERM 8
Giovanni Pico della Mirandola
DEFINITION 8 Italian Renaissance philosopher Wrote: Oration on the Dignity of Man called "Manifesto of the Renaissance" Aimed to join religion and philosophy Based his views on Plato Places importance on human capacity and human perspective His work synthesizes all the strains of Renaissance TERM 9
Great Chain of Being
DEFINITION 9 "Ladder or stair-way of nature" Classical Christian and Western Medieval concept Provides hierarchical structure of all matter and life God -> angels (spiritual)-> humans(understanding) -> horses down to parasites(sensitive)-> elements (inanimate) Impossible to change the position of an object in the hierarchy TERM 10
Griot
DEFINITION 10 A repository of oral tradition West Africa (Mali) In Mali each family of griots accompanied a higher-ranked family (emperors) King and griot said to be inseperable Told tales of births, deaths, marriages, battles, hunts, etc. (history)
Perpetua
Killed because of her belief in one god Father begged her to save her own life and the life of her baby Had a vision of a ladder she climbed to overcome obstacles Wrote in diary that portrayed how intolerable the Romans were to monotheism Considered saintly, regardless of gender and fact that she was willing to leave her baby motherless TERM 17
Pluralism
DEFINITION 17 TERM 18
Slave Trade
DEFINITION 18 Very old feature of African society Islam as impetus to furthering slave trade 7 million transportated across sahara to N. Africa mainly women were transported Major exports: N. Africa, Egypt, Arabia, India, Turkey TERM 19
St. Catherine of Siena
DEFINITION 19 Philosopher and theologian One of the patron saints of Italy Persuaded Pope Gregory XI to go back to Rome Had visions of Christ, Mary and saints Received stigmata Claimed to be married to Christ TERM 20
St. Francis of Assisi
DEFINITION 20 Bought up in luxury Found the Franciscan Order Members took a vow of poverty, chasity, love and obedience One of the most worshipped religious figures in history Spent time in prayer and meditation for 2 years Humble, loved,
