Download Labor History and Political Events in the United States (1865-1928) and more Quizzes United States History in PDF only on Docsity!
1st response to emerging industrial
power
Intellectuals, George -- Flat tax, Bellamy -- Chosen socialism TERM 2
Farmers/Grange Movement
DEFINITION 2 "Farmers Kappa Sigma", sense of community, National Grange Organization, State Fairs, Interstate Commerce Commission TERM 3
Interstate Commerce Commission
DEFINITION 3 More powerful than railroad trusts, controlled fares ,1887, filled with owners originally, later more farmers TERM 4
Urban workers
(beginning)
DEFINITION 4 Knights of labor (unskilled and socialist), American Federation of Labor (skilled, better wages) TERM 5
Labor unrest: 1877
DEFINITION 5 Strike on B+O, cut wages and raised dividends, workers sent fire to boxcars when scabs brought in, arrested
LU: 1886
Strike against McCormick Reaper, scabs brought in by militia TERM 7
Haymarket Square (1886)
DEFINITION 7 Protest strike breaking of McCormick, anarchist group present, bomb thrown, police retaliate, 4 anarchists lynched TERM 8
LU: 1893
DEFINITION 8 Market crashes, Pullman Palace Car: cut wages by 2/3 and raised dividends, strike, American Railway Union formed, all workers joined, refused to work on any train with PPC, economy about to halt, added mail cart, president broke the strike and forced work TERM 9
LU: 1894
DEFINITION 9 Pullman strike broken TERM 10
LU: 1899
DEFINITION 10 Caldwell, Western Federation of Mines on strike lead by Big Bill Haywood, governor promises support, sends militia, pisses of miners
Immigration
1850-1914, Ellis Island and Angel Island, slums spring up, Hull House started by Jane Addams, Social Gospel emerges TERM 17
Election: 1876
DEFINITION 17 Rutherford Hayes: Republican, waves bloody shirt, tariff to block European goods, civil service reform TERM 18
Election: 1880
DEFINITION 18 James Garfield: shot by disgruntled civil service worker, dies, Chester Arthur takes over, passes Pendleton Act TERM 19
Pendleton Act
DEFINITION 19 1880: Test for civil servants (only 10% had to take) TERM 20
Election: 1884
DEFINITION 20 Grover Cleveland: Democrat, against James G. Blaine (loses because of church rhetoric: "Rum, Romanism, Rebellion"
Election: 1888
Benjamin Harrison, Republican TERM 22
Election: 1892
DEFINITION 22 Grover Cleveland, Massive depression hits TERM 23
DEFINITION 23 Depression hits the country TERM 24
Farmers: 1870-
DEFINITION 24 "Dissed", overproduction causing prices to drop, drought springing up along with pests, beg for help, find none TERM 25
Farmers: 1890
DEFINITION 25 First Peoples Party (Populism), Kansas, Political blame outlet, Call for nationalization of transportation and utilities, call for progressive income tax (confiscatory budgeting)
Theodore Roosevelt
Insane, Created New York Civil Service Commission, Police Commissioner, Rough Riders, was Assistant Secretary of the Navy, became pres when McKinley died, Speak softly and carry a big stick policy, great navy, "police the world", west not fond of him TERM 32
BLM
DEFINITION 32 Bureau of Land Management created by T. Roosevelt, unpopular with west, regulates land TERM 33
Forest Service
DEFINITION 33 T. Roosevelt creation, preserve national parks TERM 34
Gods mistakes
DEFINITION 34 T. Roosevelt's decision, redirects rivers TERM 35
Progressivism
DEFINITION 35 1900-
P1900-
T.R. wants to control econ, era of trust busting TERM 37
Expedition Act
DEFINITION 37 department of justice allowed action against trusts TERM 38
Northern Securities
DEFINITION 38 JP Morgan, James Jay Hill, Harrison TERM 39
Elkins Act
DEFINITION 39 Federal right to examine books TERM 40
1902: Strike
DEFINITION 40 Coal workers strike, United Mineworkers, TR brings workers and employers to white house, looks over books, demands better pay, confiscates railroad and gives all profit to miners
Owen-Keating Act
No one under 16 can work in business TERM 47
Federal Reserve Act
DEFINITION 47 US government will supervise and regulate banks TERM 48
DEFINITION 48 Archduke of Austro-Hungarian empire assassinated, Europe in war, America indifferent, Wilson angry: German is evil! TERM 49
DEFINITION 49 Dramatic stalemate, countries need help, US allowed to help "good" guys out with buying weapons on credit, Germany gets nothing, Wilson tells country how evil Germany is TERM 50
U-boats
DEFINITION 50 Germans had submarines first, Wilson said was secretive and vile, Bryan called him an idiot and resigned after demanding they warn before shooting
Lusitania (British tour ship) sets sell with 123 Americans on board, after Germans warned it was full of weapons and would be attacked, Wilson said no you won't, all 123 Americans (1,500 people total) killed, Wilson flips: no ships sunk by Germany 1915- TERM 52
DEFINITION 52 German army reels, knocks out Italy, Russia, Serbia, Romania, US begged to get involved TERM 53
DEFINITION 53 Zimmerman Telegram leaked and gives Wilson edge to join war, urges Mexico to ally with Soviets against US TERM 54
April 17,
DEFINITION 54 America goes to war to spread progressivism, congressman issue TERM 55
WWI
DEFINITION 55 Germans unafraid: America has small army (draft), will want to train (kraut + gun = trained), unaccustomed to trench warfare (we have plenty of men to spare), won't reach Europe in time (naval convoy!), bathed in progressivism
Election: 1920
Go to people and see!, Wilson campaigns for Dems (has stroke and dies campaigning), James Cox/Franklin Roosevelt replace, lose to Republican: Harding, people have had enough of the Dems TERM 62
1920-1928 (Roaring '20s)
DEFINITION 62 Anti progressive movements begin, age of anxiety, begin blaming foreign groups TERM 63
Age of Anxiety
DEFINITION 63 '20s, begin blaming foreign groups and ideals for problems, animosity towards Russians after communists come to power in 1918, Strikes fueled hate: International Workers of the World (violent, Red, clash withe police) TERM 64
Xenophobia
DEFINITION 64 Anti-foreign feeling, 1920s and on, Sacco and Vanzetti (Italian Anarchists) TERM 65
DEFINITION 65 Immigration quotas set in, apply only to eastern/southern Europeans and south Americans (non-English speakers)
Intellectual Revolt
Biblical Fundamentalism rises, Darwin vs. God, Dayton Tennessee vs. Scopes, Darrow vs. Bryan TERM 67
Butler Law
DEFINITION 67 Darwinism banned in Tennessee schools, 1925 TERM 68
Dayton Tennessee vs. Scopes
DEFINITION 68 1925, trial, ACLU funds Scopes, Darrow is defense, Bryan is prosecution, Darrow wins (especially after Bryan dies on stand) TERM 69
Fundamentalists: 1926
DEFINITION 69 Become political, resurgence of Ku Klux Klan, harmed any with differing ideas, take over Indiana/voted in in two NW towns, tied to Al Smiths rise TERM 70
Republican Ascendancy
DEFINITION 70 Harding 1920 - 1923Coolidge 1923 - 1928Hoover 1928 - 1932All anti progressive
Al Smith
Got start at Triangle Shirtwaist Factory, 110 burned alive, leads to creation of International Ladies Garment Workers Union TERM 77
Election: 1928
DEFINITION 77 Dems: Al Smith, Repubs: Hoover, Dems lose. 3 things occur: Smith has all 12 big cities because of immigrant past, farmers vote democrat, blacks vote democrat TERM 78
Great Depression
DEFINITION 78 Gradual, not sudden. Lack of vigorous consumerism: farmers broke from overproduction and dust bowl (1926), most of America rural, no one cares. Working class wages stagnant, consumption drops dramatically. Harding and Coolidge ignore: Sec. of Tres. Mellon: Tax break for the rich!, Kennedy calls them an idiot TERM 79
Herbert
Hoover
DEFINITION 79 Self-made man, degree in engineering, millionaire by 40, part of Relief Administration, beats Smith, slogan promises prosperity: "Chicken in every pot, car in every garage..." TERM 80
DEFINITION 80 Stocks begin dramatic downturn, people panic and try to quickly drop stock, prices plummet, unemployment skyrockets, Hoover tries to confront: Optimism! Commerce! Hire! (all rejected and resented), set aside money for companies to hire with
Government acts
Cut taxes: balance budget = no government spending, adding to already pathetic level of consumption, Hawley- Smoot tariff: blocks European goods completely (exports depression 10 fold), sinks economy even deeper, homeless numbers rise, Bonus Army marches, violence breaks out in Iowa and Wisconsin TERM 82
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
DEFINITION 82 Despised at first, assistant secretary of Navy, VP to Cox on 1920 ticket, 1921: polio! wasn't supposed to survive, does, but remains paralyzed from waist down TERM 83
DEFINITION 83 Al Smith wants Roosevelt to nominate him, only if he'll walk the 70 steps to the podium to do so, he does TERM 84
Election: 1932
DEFINITION 84 Roosevelt wins in a landslide, New Deal Idea, November - March: major run on banks and it collapses, speaks to country: "Fear itself" speech, will do what's necessary, including grabbing power forcefully TERM 85
100 Days
DEFINITION 85 Next day bank holiday, examines/funds banks, creates FDIC (bank joins and is supervised by government, goes broke and gov't pays), HOLC (Homeowners loan corporation), CCC (civilian conservation corps): take kids from street, work at national parks, send money home
Dec. 7th, 1941
War comes, Pearl Harbor, declare war on Japan, Germany declares war on US, relocation/confiscation of Japanese Americans begin TERM 92
DEFINITION 92 on winning side, bombs dropped in August, Aug. 15: Axis powers surrender unconditionally, US stands as global power (largest army in arms, more weaponry than world combined, greatest economy, only nuclear power) TERM 93
Sept. 1945
DEFINITION 93 Came up with "Superpower", sent resume to teachers: biggest problem? '45: Gum chewing, talking in/on line. '95: murder, rape. TERM 94
Harry S. Truman
DEFINITION 94 Small town politician, VP on Roosevelt ticket (1944), Sarah Palin-esque (non-descript, foul mouth), Roosevelt dies, President! sets agenda for future presidents TERM 95
HST: Foreign Policy
DEFINITION 95 Containment: soviets flourish in poverty, Marshall Plan and Point IV plan to rebuild/develop countries, NATO and SEATO to monitor activity, remaking the world, 1950's: Communists strike South Korea (We fight back)
HST: Domestic Policies
Civil rights: did not have to initiate, congress/courts tried to block, 1st introduced anti-lynching bill -- blocked, integrates troops by executive order, Dixiecrats form to fight back TERM 97
Election: 1948
DEFINITION 97 Harry S. Truman TERM 98
2nd Red Scare (1948 - 1953)
DEFINITION 98 Joseph McCartney, committees set up to determine if communism infiltrated US, stalemate with Korea and China TERM 99
Election: 1952
DEFINITION 99 Dwight Eisenhower elected, continues past policies, reaches 38th parallel with Korea TERM 100
DEFINITION 100 Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka Kansas: integrate now!, begin with schools
