Differential Staining – Gram Stain, Acid Fast Stain and Endospore Stain
Testing for Antiseptics/Disinfectants using the paper disk method, streaking for confluent growth and zone of inhibition
and how to measure
Chapter 11
Distinguish between an antiseptic and disinfectant
What is meant by sterile, methods used for sterilizing, and why some methods are better than other methods
Temperature and pressure combination for an autoclave
Bacteriostatic vs. bacteriocidal
How antimicrobial agents work on the: cell wall, cell membrane, protein and genetic material (DNA & RNA)
How are microbes controlled? Physical methods of control, Filtration and chemical agents used
What is a surfactant and how does it work on the cell membrane
Pasteurization
Tyndallization
Differences between ionizing radiation and nonionizing radiation and effect on bacteria
Pyrimidine dimer formation
Oligodynamic action
Effects of high temperature and low temperature on bacteria
Denaturing of protein (enzymes)
Chapter 1 – Steps in a Scientific Study
Food fermentation, making of yogurt
Difference between food intoxication and infection
Food borne diseases and preventing food poisoning – temperature abuse and cross contamination
Testing River water, characteristics of coliform bacteria
Potable water
Coliform bacteria
Why is Escherichia coli and good indicator species for identifying coliforms in water?
River water test – presumptive, confirmed and completed teat and be able to calculate MPN
Chapter 9 Genetics
Structure of DNA, nucleotides, nitrogen base pairing (complementary base pairing), plasmids and conjugation
General steps in DNA replication
General steps in protein synthesis – transcription and translation, mRNA, tRNA
Using (reading) the genetic code to determine the amino acids in a protein
What is a mutations? Ames test?
What is a gene, genome
Genotype vs. phenotype
Semiconservative
Gene regulation – inducible and repressible operons
Antibiotics that affect transcription and translation
Conjugation, transformation and transduction
Transposons
