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Helping Behavior and Aggression: An Overview, Quizzes of Social Psychology

College of Charleston (CofC)Social Psychology

Various definitions and concepts related to helping behavior and aggression. Topics include the norm of reciprocity, kin selection, sex differences, the bystander effect, and strategies for increasing helping behavior and reducing aggression. It also touches upon the influence of culture and socialization on aggression.

Typology: Quizzes

2009/2010

Uploaded on 12/05/2010

kedoerr
kedoerr 🇺🇸

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TERM 1
What is Prosocial Behavior?
DEFINITION 1
- Doing someing good for someone or for society - Builds
relationships - Allows society to function - Includes helping
others
TERM 2
What might people get from helping?
DEFINITION 2
- Good things happen to good people - Norm of Reciprocity -
Social Exchange Theory
TERM 3
Who are we most likely to help in life
threatening situations?
DEFINITION 3
- Family Members - Maybe to make sure that our genes
survive
TERM 4
What are some evolutionary benefits of
helping?
DEFINITION 4
- Kin Selection - More likely to help others who share our
genes - Life and death helping is affected more strongly by
genetic relatedness
TERM 5
Who will you help if you're old?
DEFINITION 5
- Your Kids
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What is Prosocial Behavior?

  • Doing someing good for someone or for society - Builds relationships - Allows society to function - Includes helping others TERM 2

What might people get from helping?

DEFINITION 2

  • Good things happen to good people - Norm of Reciprocity - Social Exchange Theory TERM 3

Who are we most likely to help in life

threatening situations?

DEFINITION 3

  • Family Members - Maybe to make sure that our genes survive TERM 4

What are some evolutionary benefits of

helping?

DEFINITION 4

  • Kin Selection - More likely to help others who share our genes - Life and death helping is affected more strongly by genetic relatedness TERM 5

Who will you help if you're old?

DEFINITION 5

  • Your Kids

Who will you help if you're young?

  • Your Spouse TERM 7

Why would you help your kids if you're old,

but your spouse if you're young?

DEFINITION 7

  • Because when you're young you are more fertile and can have more kids but if you're old then you can't TERM 8

What is another reason why we help

people?

DEFINITION 8

  • To look better to the people and attract people of the opposite sex - We are more likely to help people that are similar to us TERM 9

Who is more helpful in a broader public

sphere towards strangers in emergencies?

DEFINITION 9

  • Males TERM 10

Who is more helpful in the family sphere,

toward close relationships and in repeated

contact?

DEFINITION 10

  • Females

What are the Steps to Helping?

  • Notice that something is happening - Interpret the meaning of the event - Takign responsibility for providing help - Know how to help - Provide help TERM 17

What is Pluralistic

Ignorance?

DEFINITION 17

  • Don't think that something is an emergency if no one else if helping TERM 18

People that are in a hurry

_____

DEFINITION 18

  • Help less - Even when they are thinking about helping - The more time poeple had, the more likely they were to help - The amount of people in an area makes a difference TERM 19

Obstacles can be overcome when you.....

DEFINITION 19

  • Reduce distractions - Reduce Pluralistic Ignorance - Reduce the Diffusion of Responsibility - Reduce concerns about competence to help - Reduce audience inhibitions TERM 20

Helping can be increased by....

DEFINITION 20

  • Reduce the uncertainties of obstacles - Educate others about bystander indifference - Model helpfulness - Teach moral inclusion

When are we going to help?

  • When we are feeling positive TERM 22

What is the Glow Hypothesis?

DEFINITION 22

  • Relative to a neutral mood, thsoe who feel good are more willing to help others TERM 23

What is the Negative-State Relief Hypothesis?

DEFINITION 23

  • People help in order to remoce their negative state or mood TERM 24

What is Aggression?

DEFINITION 24

  • An intentional behavior - Intent is to harm - The victim wants to avoid harm TERM 25

What is Violence?

DEFINITION 25

  • Aggression, with the goal of extreme physical harm

What are some gender differences when

under stress?

  • Males - fight or flight syndrome - Females - tend and befriend syndrome - In all known societies me just over the age of puberty commit the most violent crimes and acts - Females exhibit more relational aggression TERM 32

Why are males so violent?

DEFINITION 32

  • Males are brought up to take care of things and be more aggressive - They are treated rougher as infants than girls are - Girls are taught to be more nurturing - Men who commit more violent crimes are shown to have more testosterone - People and parents treat girls more gentle than boys - When women act aggressively, they tend to feel guilty afterwards - Females have the same desire as males to act aggressively, but they just don't because they will feel bad after TERM 33

What about Nature VS Nurture and

Aggression?

DEFINITION 33

  • Cultural socialization and learning can increase or decrease innate aggressive impulses and aggressive behaviors TERM 34

What are the Inner Causes of

Aggression?

DEFINITION 34

  • Frustration - Aggression Hypothesis (1939) - The occurrence of aggressive behavior always presupposes the existence of frustration - Existence of frustration always leads to some form of aggression TERM 35

What are some social factors of

frustration?

DEFINITION 35

  • Economic stability - Environment - aggression is more common when it is hotter outside (people are more likely to honk their car horns if they don't have air conditioning)

You can have aggression without

frustration.....

  • You can also have frustration without aggression, but aggression is increased by frustration TERM 37

Can violent stimuli effect aggression?

DEFINITION 37

  • Yes - Violent video games played over time can change a person's personality TERM 38

What is the Weapons Effect?

DEFINITION 38

  • If there are guns around, people are more likely to act aggressively - It gets you to begin thinking about violent things if people are provoked TERM 39

What was the Bobo Doll Study?

DEFINITION 39

  • Children who watched the aggressive model had the highest level of aggression - If a model acts aggressively, inhibitions against aggression can be overcome TERM 40

Are we influenced by aggression on TV?

DEFINITION 40

  • Yes - There is an eddect of violent tv on people's behavior - This is not true for everyone

What is Discrimination?

  • Negative action toward an individual simply because they are a member of a particular group TERM 47

Beliefs can be changed through....

DEFINITION 47

  • Rationalizing TERM 48

Discrimination can be positive, but.....

DEFINITION 48

  • It is typically negative TERM 49

What are the ABC's of Intergroup

Relationships?

DEFINITION 49

  • Affective Component - Prejudice - Behavioral Component - Discrimination - Cognitive Component - Stereotyping TERM 50

What is Categorization?

DEFINITION 50

  • Natural human tendency to group objects

What is Social Categorization?

  • Sorting people into groups on common characteristics TERM 52

What is the Ingroup Bias?

DEFINITION 52

  • Treating ingroup members positively and outgroup members negatively TERM 53

What is the assumed similarity

effect?

DEFINITION 53

  • Ingroup members see themselves as more alike than they are to out group members TERM 54

Give 2 examples of prejudices that arise from

external characteristics

DEFINITION 54

  • Racial Prejudice - Racism - Gender Prejudice - Sexism TERM 55

Most people claim....

DEFINITION 55

  • NOT to be prejudiced

What are some problems with the Contact

Hypothesis?

  • Students of different racial backgrounds do not interact with each other - When the interactions occur, they are generally negative TERM 62

What is the Minimal Group Effect?

DEFINITION 62

  • Ingroup favoritism occurs when group membership was random TERM 63

Many stereotypes may be based on genuine

difference....

DEFINITION 63

  • But then overgeneralized TERM 64

Accuracy may be based on roots....

DEFINITION 64

  • Heuristics can be fairly accurate - Exaggerated with little factual basis TERM 65

What group has come very far in overcoming

stereotypes and many prejudices?

DEFINITION 65

  • Modern Americans

The Automatic System may....

  • Sustain prejudices TERM 67

Implicit prejudices.....

DEFINITION 67

  • Are strong predictors of behaviors TERM 68

People exert themselves in order

to.....

DEFINITION 68

  • Overcome and hide prejudices TERM 69

Internal and External motivations to

overcome prejudice.....

DEFINITION 69

  • Are not mutually exclusive - Internal - Morally wrong - External - Avoid Social Approval TERM 70

What about Contact?

DEFINITION 70

  • Under specific conditions, intergroup contact does reduce prejudice to the outgroup - Vicarious contact can also influence - Covert expressions of prejudice can be reduced through contact