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Final Exam Study Guide - Models of Abnormality - Psychology |, Study notes of Psychology

Quinnipiac University (QU)Psychology

Material Type: Notes; Class: Psychology; Subject: Psychology; University: Quinnipiac University; Term: Forever 1989;

Typology: Study notes

2009/2010

Uploaded on 01/19/2010

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PS 101 Final Exam Study Guide
Models of Abnormality
1. Supernatural (Demonoly)
2. Medical Model
3. Statistical or Deviance (Social Political)
4. DSM – IV – TR (Manual)
5. Psychoanalytic Model
6. Humanistic
7. Behavioral Model (Social Learning Model)
8. Eclectic
1. Supernatural – Abnormal behavior is cause by supernatural forces.
You find it playing a major role when science does not provide good answers.
2. Medical – Abnormal behavior is caused by genes (germs/disease), biochemistry, or
anatomy.
Assumptions
Observable symptoms indicate inner pathology
Treatment usually involves medication
If all else fails, operate
Electroconvulsive therapy – A biological form of therapy for psychological disorders;
Introduced by Ugo Cerletti.
3. Statistical – Deviant – Political Model
2 Step Process of Getting a Label
1. Noticed – Rare – Stand Out – Deviant
2. Power – someone of authority must officially label you
Opinion – Interpretation
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Download Final Exam Study Guide - Models of Abnormality - Psychology | and more Study notes Psychology in PDF only on Docsity!

PS 101 Final Exam Study Guide Models of Abnormality

  1. Supernatural (Demonoly)
  2. Medical Model
  3. Statistical or Deviance (Social Political)
  4. DSM – IV – TR (Manual)
  5. Psychoanalytic Model
  6. Humanistic
  7. Behavioral Model (Social Learning Model)
  8. Eclectic
  9. Supernatural – Abnormal behavior is cause by supernatural forces.  You find it playing a major role when science does not provide good answers.
  10. Medical – Abnormal behavior is caused by genes (germs/disease), biochemistry, or anatomy. Assumptions  Observable symptoms indicate inner pathology  Treatment usually involves medication  If all else fails, operate Electroconvulsive therapy – A biological form of therapy for psychological disorders; Introduced by Ugo Cerletti.
  11. Statistical – Deviant – Political Model 2 Step Process of Getting a Label
  12. Noticed – Rare – Stand Out – Deviant
  13. Power – someone of authority must officially label you Opinion – Interpretation
  1. DSM – IV – TR (2000) – Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders  Agreed upon dictionary of all mental disorders.  See notebook for full definition. Multi-axial Diagnosis?
  2. Hurt
  3. Impaired Functioning a. Work b. Love (relationships) c. Play (recreation)
  4. Behavioral (Social Learning Model) – analyze and modify abnormal behavior Based on Pavlov and Skinner  Tabula Rasa  Learn Inappropriate Behavior  Can unlearn and learn new appropriate behaviors IfThen (Contingencies) – Antecedent, Behavior, Consequence. ABCs Categories of Abnormalities: Behavioral Deficits and Behavioral Excesses Judged on 3 Dimensions:
  5. Frequency
  6. Intensity
  7. Duration Hallucinations:  A sensory distortion of reality.  “Psychotic thinking” or “psychosis”  Out of touch with reality Hallucinations are more reinforcing than dealing with the real world. Types of Conflicts  Approach/Approach – having to make a choice between two desirable options that both offer positive reinforcement.

WANT – Is your word. The therapist throws everything back on the client for the answers. Carl Rogers – Client Centered Therapy Techniques:

  1. Unconditional Positive Regard – the therapist accepts all the thoughts and the feelings of the client in a nonjudgmental way.
  2. Active listening – don’t talk a lot; listen. Engage in non verbal behavior. Show feelings.
  3. Reflective Statements –
  4. Empathy – understanding someone’s feelings. Abraham Maslow – Hierarchy of Needs: You must have lower needs satisfied before you can consider higher needs. Leo Buscaglia – Most humans who are dysfunctional are dysfunctional because of alienation from a modern society. Fritz Perls – “Gestalt” “Whole” Individual and group therapy. Activities/games Eclectic Model “Blend” DSM IV – TR Diagnosis – “Labels” Insane – not a psychological term or a psychological diagnosis. Nobody is every diagnosed as insane. It is a “legal” term. The court system labels you as insane. The person has a mental disorder that prevented them from fully comprehending their crime, the ramifications of their crime, or the implications of their crime. It also interfered with their judgment and their decision making while committing the crime. Therefore, society will not hold the person responsible for their behavior. I. Anxiety Disorders – “fears” “nervous”
  5. Phobia – an irrational fear response to a specific situation.
  6. Panic Disorder – sudden panic/anxiety attacks.
  1. Post-traumatic stress disorder – anxiety. Nothing will ever be the same because of this trauma. This saddens you.
  2. Generalized Anxiety Disorder – “Free Floating” (not specific).
  3. Obsessive – Compulsive Disorder: Thoughts-Behaviors. The disorder part is when the ritual doesn’t really serve any useful purpose. II. Somatoform Disorders – these disorders deal with physical symptoms, or perceived physical symptoms. They are concerned about physical illnesses, but they are not sick. Body, mind, emotions.
  4. Hypochondria – extreme concern over ones health in the absence of any medical illness, in spite of continued medical reassurance.
  5. Conversion Disorder “Hysteria” – loss of physical functioning without any physical reason. Serious loss such as blindness, paralysis, etc. An extreme reaction following major stress. Repression or blocking. There is a sense of sort of being indifferent or unconcerned with conversion symptom. Psychosomatic Disorder – NOT a DSM. An actual illness that is caused or influenced by emotions or stress. High blood pressure, asthma, allergies, etc. III. Dissociative Disorders – self/identity, mind, body/actions. In a dissociative disorder major stress splits the self/identity from your knowledge and actions.
  6. Amnesia – when a person loses or represses their identity. Fugue State – in addition to having amnesia, the person travels. Amnesia in conversion disorder will usually cure themselves in time (weeks or months).
  7. Dissociative Identity Disorder (Multiple Personality Disorder) – Very rare. The existence of two or more distinct personalities in the same person. The identity can either be separated or repressed, and another identity gets formed.

Philippe Pinel  Pinel believed in developing specific practical techniques, rather than general concepts and assumptions.  He engaged in therapeutic conversations seeking to dissuade patients of their delusions. He offered benevolent support and encouragement.  Patients who persistently resisted or caused trouble might be threatened with incarceration or punishment if they did not control themselves.  He argued that psychological intervention must be tailored to each individual rather than to a diagnostic category, and must be grounded in an understanding of their perspective and history. o For example: "the treatment of insanity without considering the differentiating characteristics of the patients has been at times superfluous, rarely useful, and often harmful". o He described the partial or complete failures of psychological approaches, as well as the harm that the usual cruel and harsh treatments caused to patients before they came to his hospital. o He saw improvement as often coming from natural forces within the patient, which treatment could at best facilitate and at worst interfere with.