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Sense
ability to perceive stimuli
TERM 2
Sensation
DEFINITION 2
conscious awareness of stimuli received by sensory neurons
TERM 3
Sensory Receptors
DEFINITION 3
sensory nerve endings or specialized cells that respond to
stimuli by developing action potentials
TERM 4
General Senses
DEFINITION 4
Receptors distributed over large part of body
TERM 5
Somatic Senses
DEFINITION 5
provide info about body and environment
Visceral senses
provide info about internal organs, pain, pressure
TERM 7
Special senses
DEFINITION 7
localized sensory receptors, smell/taste/sight/hearing/and
balance
TERM 8
Mechanoreceptors
DEFINITION 8
detect movement
TERM 9
Chemoreceptors
DEFINITION 9
detect chemicals
TERM 10
Photoreceptors
DEFINITION 10
detect light
Meissner corpuscles
deep to epidermis, discriminative, localizing tactile
sensations
TERM 17
Reffini corpuscles
DEFINITION 17
deeper tactile receptors, detectcontinuouspressure in skin
TERM 18
Pacinian corpuscles
DEFINITION 18
deepest, associated with tendons and joints, detect deep
pressure/vibration/position
TERM 19
Pain
DEFINITION 19
unpleasant perceptual and emotional experience
TERM 20
Localized pain
DEFINITION 20
sharp, pricking, cutting pain, rapid action potentials
Diffuse pain
burning, aching, slow action potentials
TERM 22
Gate control theory
DEFINITION 22
Some action potential can inhibit pain action potentials,
reduce intensity of pain
TERM 23
Referred pain
DEFINITION 23
originates in region that is not the source, typically felt when
internal organs damaged ins ome way
TERM 24
Olfaction
DEFINITION 24
sense of smell, occurs in response to airborne molecules,
receptors located in nasal cavity and hard palate, can detect
over 10,000 smells
TERM 25
Olfaction process
DEFINITION 25
neurons lie w/in epithelium, lines superior part of nasal
cavity.dendrite are enlarged w/cilianasal cavity has mucus
where odors dissolvedendrites pick up, depolarize, carry from
o. nerves to axons in o bulbaxons synapse/interneurons,
relay action potential thru o. tractseach tract terminates
olfaction cortex in brain
Vagus
from root part of tongue
TERM 32
Types of taste
DEFINITION 32
sweet, salty, bitter, umami, certain taste buds more sensitive
TERM 33
Visual system
DEFINITION 33
eyes, accessory structures, sensoryneurons
TERM 34
Eyebrows
DEFINITION 34
protect from sweat and shade
TERM 35
Eyelids/lashes
DEFINITION 35
protect from foreign objects, lubricate eyes through blinking
Conjuctiva
thin/transparent mucus membrane covers inner surface of
eyelid and anterior surface of eye
TERM 37
Extrinsic eye
muscles
DEFINITION 37
help move eyeball, 6 in each eye (superior, inferior, medial,
and lateral rectus muscle, superior and inferior oblique)
TERM 38
Lacrimal apparatus
DEFINITION 38
consists of 1 gland, in superior lateral corner of orbit
TERM 39
Anatomy of eye
DEFINITION 39
eyeball hollow, fluid-filled, has 3 tunics
TERM 40
Fibrous tunic
DEFINITION 40
outermost tunic of eye
Suspensory ligament
contain smooth choroid muscles, holds lens in place
TERM 47
Lens
DEFINITION 47
flexible disk, focuses ligh tonto retina
TERM 48
Iris
DEFINITION 48
color part, regulates pupil
TERM 49
Pupil
DEFINITION 49
controls amount of light entering
TERM 50
Nervous tunic
DEFINITION 50
innermost tunic of eye
Retina
posterior 5/6 of eye, 2 layers
TERM 52
Pigmented retina
DEFINITION 52
outer, keeps light from reflecting in back of eye
TERM 53
Sensory
DEFINITION 53
photoreceptors (rods and cones) inter-neurons
TERM 54
Rods
DEFINITION 54
photoreceptors sensitive to light, 20 times more, can
function in dim light but not provide color vision
TERM 55
Cones
DEFINITION 55
photoreceptor, provide color vision, requires more light, 3
types: red, green, blue
Cone cells
sensitive to colors, each color results from certain
wavelength of light, 3 major types: red, blue, green, many
colors seen the result of combination
TERM 62
Retina structures
DEFINITION 62
rods and cones synapse with bipolar cells of sensory retina,
horizontal cells of retina modify output of rods and cones,
bipolar/horizontal cells synapse with ganlion cells, ganglion
cell axon converge to form optic nerve
TERM 63
Macula
DEFINITION 63
small spot near retina center
TERM 64
Fovea centralis
DEFINITION 64
center of retina, where light is focused when looking directly
at object, contains only cones, able to discriminate fine
images
TERM 65
optic disc
DEFINITION 65
white spot medial to macula, blood vessels enter eye and
spread over retina, axons exit at optic nerve, no
photoreceptors/does not respond to light, called blind spot
Chambers of eye
anterior chamber, posterior chamber, viterous chamber
TERM 67
Anterior chamber
DEFINITION 67
between cornea and lens, filled with aqueous humor, provide
nutrients to inner surface
TERM 68
Aqueous humor
DEFINITION 68
watery, helps maintain pressure, refracts light
TERM 69
Posterior chamber
DEFINITION 69
behind anterior, contains aqueous humor, iris separates
anterior and posterior chamber
TERM 70
Vitreous chamber
DEFINITION 70
in retina region, filled with vitreious humor
Neuronal pathway (vision)
optic nerve, optic chiasm, optic tracts, optic radiations, visual
cortex
TERM 77
Optic nerve
DEFINITION 77
leaves eye/exits orbit through optic foramen to enter cranial
cavity
TERM 78
Optic chiasm
DEFINITION 78
where 2 optic nerves connect (axons from medial retina cross
optic chiasm to opposite side of brain) (axons from lateral
retina pass through optic nerves and project to same side of
brain)
TERM 79
Optic tracts
DEFINITION 79
route of ganglion axons to thalamus
TERM 80
Optic radiations
DEFINITION 80
fibers formed by neurons from thalamus, which project to
visual cortex in occipital lobe
Visual cortex
area of brain where vision perceived
TERM 82
External/outer ear
DEFINITION 82
extends from outside of head to ear drum
TERM 83
Auricle
DEFINITION 83
fleshy outer part, collects sound waves/directs towards
ext.aud. canal
TERM 84
External auditory canal
DEFINITION 84
leads to ear drum, transmits
TERM 85
Tympanic membrane
DEFINITION 85
ear drum, thin membrane separates external and middle ear,
lined with hairs and cerominous glands, produces ear wax,
sound wave causes to vibrate
Oval window and round window
Connect middle and inner ear
TERM 92
Eustachian/auditory tube
DEFINITION 92
opens into pharynx, equalizes air pressure between outside
air and middle ear
TERM 93
Internal ear
DEFINITION 93
set of fluid filled chambers
TERM 94
Bony
labyrinth
DEFINITION 94
tunnels filled with fluid, 3 regions: cochlea, vestibule,
semicircular canals
TERM 95
Cochlea
DEFINITION 95
snail shell shaped structure, where hearing takes place
Spiral lamina
threads of cochleas core
TERM 97
Scala vestibule
DEFINITION 97
in cochlea, filled with perilymph
TERM 98
Scala tympani
DEFINITION 98
in cochlea, filled with perilymph
TERM 99
Cochlear duct
DEFINITION 99
in cochlea, filled with perilymph
TERM 100
Spiral
organ
DEFINITION 100
in cochlear duct, contains hair cells
