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Introduction to Archaeology, Sec. 1 Stephanie Russo Final Exam Study Guide Instructor Jane A. Hill
Terms
Achieved vs. ascribed status
Additive Techniques Animal Domestication Archaeozoology Bell Curve (or Normal Curve) Bioturbation Chiefdoms
Chinampa farming at Tenochtitlán
Classification Community Component Conservation CRM Archaeology Diagnostic Artifact Ethnicity Ethnoarchaeology Exchange Systems Experimental Archaeology
Features of an urban/state society
Forensic Anthropology Function Gender Geoglyphs Hierarchical Society
Household Analysis
Hunter-gatherer vs. agricultural society
Markets Mean
NAGPRA
New Archaeology Origins of Warfare Paleoanthropology Paleobotany Petroglyphs Plant Domestication Prestate Society Public Archaeology Random Sampling Reciprocity Redistribution Repatriation Restoration Scales (Nominal, Ordinal, Ratio) Settlement Archaeology (three types of) Social Ranking Statistical Sampling Style
Subsurface survey
Subtractive Techniques
Knossos La Venta Machu Picchu Monte Alban Moche Moundville Mycenae Northwest Coast NA Palenque Poverty Point Qin Sipán Stonehenge Tenochtitlán Teotihuacan Tiwanaku Uruk Vindolanda Xianyang
Be able to identify the following individuals and their
contributions to archaeological study of the cultures and concepts
we have discussed this semester:
Ester Boserup Robert Carniero Kent Flannery Thomas Jefferson
Richard MacNeish Bruce Trigger Lewis Binford W.M.F. Petrie Howard Carter Heinrich Schliemann Albert Spaulding James Ford Tatiana Proskouriakoff Karl Wittfogel
Be able to discuss the following concepts in an essay:
Describe the scholarly disagreement between James Ford and Albert Spaulding. What did it involve? Who took what position? Who do you think was correct? Why? Discuss what conditions Flannery and Marcus noted were necessary for the beginning of warfare in the Oaxaca Valley. How did the use of C14 dating help in making these determinations? Explain the role that astronomy played in the cultures of Chaco Canyon and in the culture of Stonehenge. How are they alike? How are they different? Contrast the early states of the Indus Valley with those of Egypt. Discuss how anthropology’s early unilinear cultural evolution models and the approach of the “New Archaeology” served to marginalize Native Americans and their culture. What is experimental archaeology? What are some of the most common ways that archaeologists experiment with past technologies? How effective do you think their results have been? Give examples from the “This Old Pyramid” documentary.
