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Final Exam Review | BIOL - Biology 1 - Introduction, Quizzes of Biology

Review cards for the final exam for BY110. Class: BIOL - Biology 1 - Introduction; Subject: Biology / Biological Sciences; University: Monmouth University; Term: Forever 1989;

Typology: Quizzes

Pre 2010

Uploaded on 12/18/2009

emrendleman
emrendleman 🇺🇸

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TERM 1
Which bonds connect DNA?
DEFINITION 1
Phosphodiester bonds.
TERM 2
Describe primary protein structures.
DEFINITION 2
A flat, ribbon-like structure that is made up of amino acids.
Example: amino acid chains.
TERM 3
Describe secondary protein structures.
DEFINITION 3
Coils and folds of hydrogen bonds that form two structures of
sheets. Examples: alpha helix/beta-pleated sheet.
TERM 4
Describe tertiary protein structures.
DEFINITION 4
3D structure that has all weak bonds and a strong disulfide
bridge.
TERM 5
Describe quaternary protein structures.
DEFINITION 5
Two or more polypeptide chains that form one huge ball-
shaped macromolecule. Examples: collagen, hemoglobin.
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Which bonds connect DNA?

Phosphodiester bonds.

TERM 2

Describe primary protein structures.

DEFINITION 2

A flat, ribbon-like structure that is made up of amino acids.

Example: amino acid chains.

TERM 3

Describe secondary protein structures.

DEFINITION 3

Coils and folds of hydrogen bonds that form two structures of

sheets. Examples: alpha helix/beta-pleated sheet.

TERM 4

Describe tertiary protein structures.

DEFINITION 4

3D structure that has all weak bonds and a strong disulfide

bridge.

TERM 5

Describe quaternary protein structures.

DEFINITION 5

Two or more polypeptide chains that form one huge ball-

shaped macromolecule. Examples: collagen, hemoglobin.

Mass

number

The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of

an atom.

TERM 7

Atomic

number

DEFINITION 7

AKA proton number; the number of protons in the nucleus of

an atom.

TERM 8

Valence shell electrons

DEFINITION 8

Form bonds with other atoms and determine the chemical

properties of the atom.

TERM 9

Disaccharide

DEFINITION 9

Carbohydrate made by the dehydration (removal of H2O) of

monosaccharides. Example: lactose.

TERM 10

Kinetic energy

DEFINITION 10

Energy of an object in motion.

What type of bonds form between amino

acids?

Peptide bonds.

TERM 17

What is the strongest bond?

DEFINITION 17

Ionic bonds.

TERM 18

What is the weakest

bond?

DEFINITION 18

Hydrogen bonds.

TERM 19

Isotope

DEFINITION 19

Different atoms of the same element that differ in the

number of neutrons in the nucleus (basically they differ in

mass number).

TERM 20

Amino acid

DEFINITION 20

Organic molecules that have amino and carboxyl functional

groups attached to a central carbon, along with a specific R

group. Form polypeptide chains.

Enantiomers

An isomer that is a mirror image of another, or right and left

hands of each other. Examples: L-dopa and D-dopa.

TERM 22

Unit of temperature for biology

DEFINITION 22

Celsius

TERM 23

NADH produced during the Krebs Cycle

DEFINITION 23

1 (6 produced, 5 consumed, 1 remaining)

TERM 24

First law of thermodynamics

DEFINITION 24

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred and

transformed.

TERM 25

Second law of thermodynamics

DEFINITION 25

Each time energy is transferred or transformed the entropy

of the universe is increased.

Passive diffusion

Molecular substances can cross the cell membrane with no

support.

TERM 32

Redox reactions

DEFINITION 32

Reactions in which electrons are being pulled towards O2.

Example: photosynthesis.

TERM 33

Where does the Calvin cycle take

place?

DEFINITION 33

Chloroplasts.

TERM 34

CAM plants

DEFINITION 34

Carbon fixation pathway; stoma are only open at night.

TERM 35

How many ATP does the Calvin cycle

consume?

DEFINITION 35

Substrate-level phosphorylation

Creation of ATP by phosphorylation at enzyme-level.

TERM 37

Internal cell controls

DEFINITION 37

Cells control growth through various checkpoints. Example:

G1 and G0 checkpoints.

TERM 38

How are sexual and asexual reproductions

similar?

DEFINITION 38

Both involve mitosis.

TERM 39

Primase

DEFINITION 39

Enzyme required for transcription that joins RNA.

TERM 40

Telomerase

DEFINITION 40

Enzyme that allows DNA replication to occur without RNA

primers.

Codon

Set of three amino acids that code for a protein.

TERM 47

Describe fermentation

DEFINITION 47

Fermentation is the partial degradation of sugars that occurs

in the cytplasm/cytosol; it is an anaerobic reaction.

TERM 48

Produces H2O2 in order to detoxify molecules

DEFINITION 48

Peroxisomes.

TERM 49

Site of protein synthesis for proteins that may

leave the cell.

DEFINITION 49

Rough ER.

TERM 50

Responsible for packaging proteins for

transport.

DEFINITION 50

Golgi apparatus.

Made of RNA and protein.

Ribosomes.

TERM 52

Found only in eukaryotic cells.

DEFINITION 52

Nucleus.

TERM 53

Found only in prokaryotic cells.

DEFINITION 53

Nucleoid.

TERM 54

Flattened membrane structure responsible for

the production of lipids and detoxification of

substances.

DEFINITION 54

Smooth ER.

TERM 55

Site of the production of ribosomes.

DEFINITION 55

Nucleolus.