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Personality Traits: Temperaments, Emotionality, Activity, and Social Rewards Introduction, Quizzes of Personality Psychology

College of Charleston (CofC)Personality Psychology

Definitions and explanations of various temperaments and related concepts, including emotionality, activity, tempo, vigor, social rewards, affective rewards, stimulation rewards, reciprocity, impulsivity, control, discipline, reflection, and impulsivity reduction strategies. It also covers the five factor model, extraversion and introversion, hans eysenck's theory, and the biological basis for personality.

Typology: Quizzes

2009/2010

Uploaded on 12/09/2010

kedoerr
kedoerr 🇺🇸

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TERM 1
What are Temperaments?
DEFINITION 1
- The building blocks for later personality traits - They are
largely heritable - They appear early in life (~ age 2) -
Enduring over time
TERM 2
What is Emotionality?
DEFINITION 2
- One's tendency to exoerience high arousal, negative
affective states - Heritable - higher in the monozygotic twins
reared together AND apart than in dizygotic twins - Gender
Differences - adolescent and adult females report more
specific fears and are more likely to seek help for phobias
TERM 3
What is Activity?
DEFINITION 3
- The amount of physical energy expended - Heritable - Small
gender difference, favoring males
TERM 4
What is Tempo?
DEFINITION 4
- The rate of responding
TERM 5
What is Vigor?
DEFINITION 5
- The intensity of responding
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Download Personality Traits: Temperaments, Emotionality, Activity, and Social Rewards Introduction and more Quizzes Personality Psychology in PDF only on Docsity!

What are Temperaments?

  • The building blocks for later personality traits - They are largely heritable - They appear early in life (~ age 2) - Enduring over time TERM 2

What is Emotionality?

DEFINITION 2

  • One's tendency to exoerience high arousal, negative affective states - Heritable - higher in the monozygotic twins reared together AND apart than in dizygotic twins - Gender Differences - adolescent and adult females report more specific fears and are more likely to seek help for phobias TERM 3

What is Activity?

DEFINITION 3

  • The amount of physical energy expended - Heritable - Small gender difference, favoring males TERM 4

What is Tempo?

DEFINITION 4

  • The rate of responding TERM 5

What is Vigor?

DEFINITION 5

  • The intensity of responding

What are the 2 Types of Social Rewards?

  • Affective Rewards - Stimulation Rewards TERM 7

What is an Affective Reward?

DEFINITION 7

  • Praise, sympathy, affection - They induce positive affect - Universally sought and valued TERM 8

What is a Stimulation

Reward?

DEFINITION 8

  • Sharing an event or activity - Giving and Receiving attention
  • They are the most relevant to high temperamental Sociability - Heritable TERM 9

What is Reciprocity?

DEFINITION 9

  • Back and forth social interaction - The people have larger social networks TERM 10

Who is slightly more sociable? Men or

Women?

DEFINITION 10

  • Women

What is Reflection?

  • Considering the relevant issues when making a decision - Planfulness TERM 17

How can you reduce a child's Impulsivity?

DEFINITION 17

  • Serve as a non-impulsive role model (observational learning) - Positively Reinforcing - non-impulsive behavior and ignoring (extinguishing) impulsive behavior - Cognitive Coping Strategies - Self talk - when the child is cognitively mature enough TERM 18

Who developed the Five Factor Model? And

when?

DEFINITION 18

  • McCrae and Costa in 1985 TERM 19

What are the Five Factors of the Model?

DEFINITION 19

  • Extraversion - Agreeableness - Conscientiousness - Neuroticism - Openness to Experience - Remember the acronym OCEAN TERM 20

What is a Positive Affect Descriptor?

DEFINITION 20

  • Extraversion

What is a Negative Affect Descriptor?

  • Neuroticism TERM 22

Describe the Study that Chaplin and John did

in 1989

DEFINITION 22

  • They got "free descriptions" of more than 300 college students - They included both desirable and undesirable characteristics - The 10 Most Frequently Generated Terms 1) Friendly - 34% - E 6) Moody - 18% - N 2) Caring - 25% - A 7) Shy - 18% - E 3) Intelligent - 22% - O 8) Outgoing - 17% - E 4) Happy - 20% - N 9) Selfish - 16% - A 5) Lazy - 18% - C 10) Kind - 15% - A TERM 23

What was the 2nd part of the first study from

Chaplin and John?

DEFINITION 23

  • College students self-ratings on 60 of the most frequent descriptors from study 1 - The responses were factor analyzed - It yielded five factors that closely resembled the Big Five TERM 24

What was the study done by Bolger and

Schilling in 1991?

DEFINITION 24

  • He looked at neuroticism in married couples - 339 married people who scored either "high" or "low" in neuroticism - They completed diaries every day for 42 days - Stressful events were recorded (ex - overload at work, financial problems, arguments with spouse) - Also recorded the intensity of emotion that was experienced during the past 24 hours TERM 25

What were the results that were found from

the Bolger and Schilling study?

DEFINITION 25

  • On average, people high in neuroticism, were more distressed than people with low in neuroticism - People high in neuroticism experienced more stressors (especially arguments with the spouse and arguments with others - People high in neuroticism reported greater reactivity or distress in response to stressors

What does the RAS

do?

  • It regulates the level of biological arousal TERM 32

What was Eysenck's Theory?

DEFINITION 32

  • He theorized that Introverts have HIGHER levels of A-RAS Arousal/Reactivity than Extraverts - Helps explain why introverts act in an introverted manner TERM 33

What is Social Withdrawal?

DEFINITION 33

  • A coping strategy to reduce arousal TERM 34

What is Emotional Stability----Neuroticism?

DEFINITION 34

  • Differences in Visceral Brain (VB) activation / arousal - VB includes the Limbic System and Hypothalamus - A low threshold for VB activation (easily viscerally aroused) - More emotional / neurotic TERM 35

What is the Biological Basis for Personality?

DEFINITION 35 High VB Low VB High A-RAS Neurotic Emotionally Introvert Stable (anxiety types) Introvert Low A-RAS Neurotic Emotionally Extravert Stable (psychopathic Extravert types)

What is Intelligence?

  • It influences HOW we express our personality and, conversely, personality affects how we perform on intellectual levels TERM 37

What is

Psychoticism?

DEFINITION 37

  • Thought to be influenced by hormonal differences and variations in neurotransmitter levels - It encompasses a variety of characteristics TERM 38

What are some characteristics of

Psychoticism?

DEFINITION 38

  • Aggressive - Cold - Egocentric - Impersonal - Impulsive - Antisocial - Unempathic - Creative - Tough - minded