Download Final Exam: NU664C/ NU 664C (NEW 2025/ 2026 Update) Review|100% Correct-Regis and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
Final l Exam: l NU664C/ l NU l 664 C l (NEW l
2025/ l 2026 l Update) l Family l Psychiatric l
Mental l Health l I l Review| l Questions l & l
Answers| l Grade l A| l 100% l Correct l
(Verified l Solutions)- l Regis
QUESTION
Whichl brainl areasl showl changesl inl individualsl withl PTSD? Answer: Thel amygdala,l hippocampus,l andl prefrontall cortex,l withl thel amygdalal becomingl overactivel andl thel prefrontall cortexl underactive.
QUESTION
Howl dol childrenl typicallyl expressl anxietyl comparedl tol adults? Answer: Childrenl mayl expressl anxietyl throughl physicall symptomsl likel stomachachesl andl clingyl behavior,l whilel adultsl arel morel likelyl tol verballyl expressl worryl andl mayl showl increasedl heartl ratel andl musclel tension.
QUESTION
Whatl arel commonl symptomsl ofl al panicl attack? Answer: Palpitations,l sweating,l trembling,l shortnessl ofl breath,l chestl pain,l nausea,l dizziness,l derealization,l fearl ofl losingl control,l fearl ofl dying,l paresthesia,l chillsl orl hotl flushes.
QUESTION
Whatl isl anl examplel ofl al culturall idioml ofl distressl relatedl tol anxiety? Answer:
Thel terml 'nervios'l usedl inl somel Latinol culturesl tol describel anxiety.
QUESTION
Howl canl culturall contextl influencel thel expressionl ofl anxiety? Answer: Anxietyl mayl bel expressedl throughl physicall symptomsl ratherl thanl emotionall distress,l influencedl byl sociall normsl andl thel importancel ofl groupl harmony.
QUESTION
Whatl stigmal mightl individualsl facel inl seekingl helpl forl anxietyl inl somel cultures? Answer: Seekingl helpl mayl bel stigmatizedl orl seenl asl al signl ofl weakness,l leadingl tol avoidancel ofl professionall help.
QUESTION
Whatl alternativel healingl systemsl mightl bel usedl inl somel culturesl tol addressl anxiety? Answer: Religiousl orl spirituall practicesl mayl bel usedl insteadl ofl orl inl additionl tol Westernl mentall healthl treatments.
QUESTION
Whatl isl 'Taijinl Kyofusho'? Answer: Al sociall anxietyl disorderl prevalentl inl somel Eastl Asianl cultures,l characterizedl byl al fearl ofl causingl discomfortl orl embarrassmentl tol others.
QUESTION
Whatl arel 'Ataquesl del Nervios'? Answer:
QUESTION
Whatl isl thel benefitl ofl combinedl treatmentl forl anxietyl disorders? Answer: Combiningl psychotherapyl andl medicationl (suchl asl SSRIs)l canl bel morel effectivel thanl eitherl approachl alone,l especiallyl forl moderatel tol severel cases.
QUESTION
Whatl canl untreatedl anxietyl disordersl leadl to? Answer: Significantl impairmentl inl dailyl life,l sociall difficulties,l substancel abuse,l andl depression.
QUESTION
Howl mightl culturall beliefsl affectl help-seekingl behaviorl forl mentall illness? Answer: Culturall beliefsl aboutl thel causesl andl treatmentl ofl mentall illnessl canl influencel howl individualsl seekl help.
QUESTION
Whatl arel somel physicall symptomsl ofl anxietyl inl certainl cultures? Answer: Headaches,l stomachaches,l orl heartl palpitationsl mayl bel morel commonlyl expressedl thanl emotionall distress.
QUESTION
Whatl factorsl canl improvel outcomesl forl anxietyl disorders? Answer: Earlyl intervention,l goodl adherencel tol treatment,l andl al supportivel environment.
QUESTION
Whatl isl thel significancel ofl sociall contextl inl anxietyl expression? Answer: Sociall normsl canl influencel howl anxietyl isl expressedl andl perceivedl withinl al culturall group.
QUESTION
Whatl isl thel relationshipl betweenl anxietyl symptomsl andl culturall expression? Answer: Anxietyl symptomsl mayl manifestl differentlyl acrossl cultures,l withl somel emphasizingl physicall symptomsl overl emotionall ones.
QUESTION
Whatl isl thel impactl ofl stigmal onl mentall healthl treatmentl inl variousl cultures? Answer: Stigmal canl discouragel individualsl froml seekingl professionall helpl forl mentall healthl concerns.
QUESTION
Whatl medicationsl mayl bel usedl forl anxietyl butl arel notl first-linel treatments? Answer: Buspironel andl benzodiazepines.
QUESTION
Whatl arel thel threel distinctl anxietyl disordersl outlinedl inl thel DSM-5? Answer: Generalizedl Anxietyl Disorderl (GAD),l Panicl Disorder,l andl Sociall Anxietyl Disorder.
QUESTION
Whatl isl thel corel featurel ofl Generalizedl Anxietyl Disorderl (GAD)?
Rapidl heartl rate,l sweating,l trembling,l shortnessl ofl breath,l chestl pain.
QUESTION
Whatl psychologicall symptomsl arel associatedl withl Panicl Disorder? Answer: Fearl ofl dyingl orl losingl control.
QUESTION
Whatl isl al commonl fearl amongl individualsl withl Panicl Disorder? Answer: Distressl aboutl thel possibilityl ofl havingl futurel panicl attacks.
QUESTION
Howl doesl Panicl Disorderl affectl behavior? Answer: Thel fearl andl anxietyl canl leadl tol avoidancel ofl situationsl wherel panicl attacksl mightl occur.
QUESTION
Whatl isl thel corel featurel ofl Sociall Anxietyl Disorder? Answer: Intensel fearl orl anxietyl aboutl sociall situationsl wherel onel mightl bel judgedl negatively.
QUESTION
Whatl arel somel specificl fearsl associatedl withl Sociall Anxietyl Disorder? Answer: Fearl ofl speakingl inl public,l interactingl withl strangers,l orl beingl judgedl forl one'sl appearancel orl behavior.
QUESTION
Howl dol individualsl withl Sociall Anxietyl Disorderl typicallyl respondl tol sociall situations? Answer: Theyl mayl avoidl sociall situationsl orl endurel theml withl intensel distress.
QUESTION
Whatl impactl doesl Sociall Anxietyl Disorderl havel onl dailyl functioning? Answer: Itl significantlyl interferesl withl dailyl functioning,l relationships,l andl occupationall orl academicl performance.
QUESTION
Whatl isl thel geneticl basisl ofl bipolarl disorder? Answer: Bipolarl disorderl isl likelyl al polygenicl conditionl influencedl byl multiplel genes.
QUESTION
Whatl rolel dol calciuml signalingl abnormalitiesl playl inl bipolarl disorder? Answer: Theyl arel implicatedl inl thel neurobiologyl ofl bipolarl disorder,l increasedl intracellularl calciuml levels,l havel beenl observedl inl individualsl withl bipolarl disorder.l particularlyl inl voltage-gatedl calciuml channelsl (VGCCs).
QUESTION
Whatl dol GWASl studiesl reveall aboutl bipolarl disorder? Answer: Theyl helpl identifyl genesl andl geneticl pathwaysl associatedl withl increasedl riskl forl bipolarl disorder.
QUESTION
Answer: Dysregulationl ofl calciuml signalingl andl otherl pathways.
QUESTION
Howl doesl calciuml signalingl affectl neuronall functionl inl bipolarl disorder? Answer: Calciuml playsl al cruciall rolel inl neuronall excitation,l transmitterl release,l andl synapticl function.
QUESTION
Whatl effectl dol abnormall calciuml levelsl havel onl moodl inl bipolarl disorder? Answer: Abnormall calciuml levelsl canl affectl mood,l andl lithium,l whichl altersl calciuml function,l isl effectivel inl treatingl bipolarl disorder.
QUESTION
Whatl isl thel rolel ofl calciuml signalingl inl neuroplasticityl relatedl tol bipolarl disorder? Answer: Calciuml signalingl isl involvedl inl neuroplasticity,l whichl mayl bel alteredl inl bipolarl disorder.
QUESTION
Whatl therapeuticl targetl isl promisingl forl developingl newl therapiesl forl bipolarl disorder? Answer: Targetingl calciuml signaling,l particularlyl throughl VGCCl modulation.
QUESTION
Whichl brainl structuresl arel associatedl withl bipolarl disorder? Answer: Thel prefrontall cortex,l amygdala,l andl hippocampus.
QUESTION
Whatl arel thel keyl differencesl betweenl Bipolarl Il andl Bipolarl IIl disorders? Answer: Bipolarl Il involvesl atl leastl onel fulll manicl episode,l whilel Bipolarl IIl involvesl atl leastl onel hypomanicl episodel andl onel majorl depressivel episodel withoutl al fulll manicl episode.
QUESTION
Whatl typesl ofl medicationsl arel commonlyl usedl inl thel treatmentl ofl Bipolarl Il disorder? Answer: Antipsychoticsl arel usedl morel frequentlyl tol managel psychosisl duringl manicl episodes.
QUESTION
Whatl typesl ofl medicationsl arel commonlyl usedl inl thel treatmentl ofl Bipolarl IIl disorder? Answer: Moodl stabilizersl andl antidepressantsl arel typicallyl usedl tol managel depression.
QUESTION
Howl dol symptomsl ofl bipolarl disorderl presentl differentlyl inl childrenl comparedl tol adults? Answer: Childrenl oftenl havel morel chronicl andl severel symptoms,l rapidl moodl shifts,l irritability,l andl mayl experiencel psychoticl features.
QUESTION
Whatl isl al commonl comorbidityl inl childrenl withl bipolarl disorder? Answer: ADHDl (Attentionl Deficitl Hyperactivityl Disorder).
Answer: Moodl stabilizersl likel lithium,l valproate,l andl lamotrigine,l alongl withl second-generationl antipsychotics.
QUESTION
Whatl rolel doesl Cognitivel Behaviorall Therapyl (CBT)l playl inl thel treatmentl ofl bipolarl disorder? Answer: CBTl helpsl individualsl identifyl andl modifyl negativel thoughtl patternsl andl behaviors.
QUESTION
Howl dol moodl symptomsl inl childrenl withl bipolarl disorderl differl froml thosel inl adults? Answer: Childrenl mayl exhibitl morel prominentl manicl symptomsl likel irritabilityl andl hyperactivity,l whilel adultsl typicallyl experiencel morel depression.
QUESTION
Whatl isl thel significancel ofl mixedl statesl andl rapidl cyclingl inl bipolarl disorder? Answer: Mixedl statesl andl rapidl cyclingl arel morel commonl inl childrenl thanl inl adults.
QUESTION
Whatl impactl dol structurall changesl inl thel brainl havel onl bipolarl disorder? Answer: Structurall changesl canl affectl moodl regulation,l impulsel control,l andl cognitivel function.
QUESTION
Whatl isl thel relationshipl betweenl lithiuml andl calciuml functionl inl bipolarl disorderl treatment?
Answer: Lithiuml altersl calciuml function,l whichl isl effectivel inl treatingl bipolarl disorder.
QUESTION
Whatl isl Sociall Rhythml Therapyl andl itsl focus? Answer: Sociall Rhythml Therapyl focusesl onl establishingl al regularl routinel andl canl bel beneficiall forl managingl bipolarl disorder.
QUESTION
Whatl lifestylel changesl canl helpl managel bipolarl disorder? Answer: Maintainingl al regularl sleepl schedule,l engagingl inl regularl exercise,l andl eatingl al balancedl dietl canl helpl managel moodl andl improvel overalll well-being.
QUESTION
Howl canl supportl systemsl aidl individualsl withl bipolarl disorder? Answer: Supportl froml family,l friends,l andl supportl groupsl canl providel encouragementl andl helpl individualsl navigatel thel challengesl ofl managingl bipolarl disorder.
QUESTION
Whatl isl essentiall forl thel long-terml managementl ofl bipolarl disorder? Answer: Ongoingl treatmentl isl essentiall tol preventl relapsesl andl maintainl al stablel mood.
QUESTION
Whatl factorsl influencel thel prognosisl ofl individualsl withl bipolarl disorder? Answer: Thel prognosisl dependsl onl medicationl adherence,l regularl therapy,l andl al stablel lifestyle.
QUESTION
Whatl arel thel second-linel monotherapyl optionsl forl acutel mania? Answer: Second-linel monotherapyl optionsl includel carbamazepine,l ECT,l andl haloperidol.
QUESTION
Whatl combinationl therapyl isl recommendedl forl acutel mania? Answer: Combinationl therapyl includesl lithiuml +l divalproex.
QUESTION
Whatl arel thel third-linel treatmentl optionsl forl acutel mania? Answer: Third-linel monotherapyl optionsl includel chlorpromazine,l clozapine,l andl tamoxifen.
QUESTION
Whatl arel thel recommendedl treatmentsl forl acutel bipolarl depression? Answer: Lithium,l lamotrigine,l andl severall atypicall antipsychoticsl likel quetiapine,l olanzapine,l lurasidone,l andl cariprazine.
QUESTION
Whatl isl thel efficacyl ofl lithiuml inl treatingl bipolarl depression? Answer: Therel isl limitedl evidencel forl lithium'sl efficacyl inl bipolarl depression,l withl earlierl studiesl beingl promisingl butl laterl studiesl showingl mixedl results.
QUESTION
Whichl anticonvulsantl hasl shownl thel mostl promisel forl bipolarl depression?
Answer: Lamotriginel hasl shownl efficacyl forl bipolarl depressionl butl mustl bel titratedl graduallyl tol preventl severel skinl rash.
QUESTION
Whichl atypicall antipsychoticl hasl thel bestl evidencel forl treatingl bipolarl depression? Answer: Quetiapinel hasl thel bestl evidencel forl treatingl bipolarl depression.
QUESTION
Whatl isl thel controversyl surroundingl thel usel ofl antidepressantsl inl bipolarl disorder? Answer: Antidepressantsl mayl inducel cycling,l mania,l orl hypomania,l andl theirl usel asl monotherapyl isl generallyl notl recommended.
QUESTION
Whatl labsl shouldl bel consideredl whenl prescribingl lithium? Answer: Baselinel testsl includel TSHl andl calciuml levels,l withl seruml levelsl monitoredl tol establishl therapeuticl dosel andl thenl everyl 3 - 6 l monthsl afterl dosel increases.
QUESTION
Whatl arel thel risksl associatedl withl usingl tricyclicl antidepressantsl inl bipolarl disorder? Answer: Thel riskl ofl inducingl manial isl highestl withl tricyclicl antidepressants,l monoaminel oxidasel inhibitors,l andl possiblyl serotoninl norepinephrinel reuptakel inhibitors.
QUESTION
Whatl isl thel recommendedl dosagel ofl quetiapinel forl bipolarl depression?
Initiall episodesl ofl manial orl depressionl arel triggeredl byl majorl lifel stressors,l butl subsequentl episodesl mayl occurl autonomouslyl andl withl lessl reliancel onl stressors.
QUESTION
Whatl isl activel listeningl inl therapeuticl communication? Answer: involvesl showingl interestl inl whatl patientsl havel tol say,l acknowledgingl thatl you'rel listeningl andl understanding,l andl engagingl withl theml throughoutl thel conversation.
QUESTION
Whatl isl thel purposel ofl focusingl inl therapeuticl communication? Answer: allowsl nursesl tol concentratel onl al patient'sl statement,l promptingl furtherl discussion.
QUESTION
Howl doesl reflectingl enhancel therapeuticl communication? Answer: Byl usingl thel patient'sl words,l thel psychiatristl indicatesl theyl havel heardl thel patientl andl conveysl interestl inl hearingl more.
QUESTION
Whatl isl thel rolel ofl clarificationl inl therapeuticl communication? Answer: isl al techniquel wherel al healthcarel providerl seeksl tol understandl al patient'sl messagel morel clearlyl byl askingl forl furtherl detailsl orl elaboration.
QUESTION
Whatl isl summarizingl inl thel contextl ofl therapeuticl communication? Answer: isl anl interpersonall processl wherel healthl professionalsl usel verball andl nonverball cuesl tol facilitatel patientl understanding,l participation,l andl well-being.
QUESTION
Whatl arel somel brainl regionsl affectedl inl depression? Answer: 1.l Prefrontall Cortexl (PFC):l Reducedl greyl matterl volumel andl functionall hypoactivity.l 2.l Hippocampus:l Decreasedl volumel associatedl withl reducedl neurogenesis.l 3.l Amygdala:l Increasedl activityl andl hypertrophy.l 4.l Basall Ganglia:l Abnormalitiesl regulatingl motorl functionl andl cognitivel processes.l 5.l Limbicl System:l Dysfunctionl associatedl withl emotionall dysregulation.
QUESTION
Whatl neurotransmittersl arel commonlyl implicatedl inl depression? Answer: 1.l Serotonin:l Regulatesl mood,l sleep,l andl appetite.l 2.l Norepinephrine:l Affectsl mood,l attention,l andl alertness.l 3.l Dopamine:l Involvedl inl rewardl andl motivation.l 4.l Glutamate:l Al majorl excitatoryl neurotransmitterl thatl mayl bel decreasedl inl depressedl individuals.
QUESTION
Whatl cognitivel symptomsl canl resultl froml decreasedl hippocampall volumel inl depression? Answer: Memoryl impairmentsl andl feelingsl ofl hopelessness.
QUESTION
Howl doesl thel amygdala'sl activityl relatel tol depression? Answer: Increasedl activityl andl hypertrophyl inl thel amygdalal arel observed,l whichl isl involvedl inl processingl emotionsl likel fearl andl anxiety.
QUESTION
Whatl isl thel significancel ofl thel basall ganglial inl depression?
